In a traditional Hawaiian context, nature and culture are one and the same, there is no division between the two. The wealth and limitations of the land and ocean resources gave birth to, and shaped the Hawaiian world view. The aina (land), wai (water), kai(ocean), and lewa (sky) were the foundation of life and the source of the spiritual relationship between people and their environs. Every aspect of life, whether in the sky, on land, or of the waters was believed to have been the physical body-forms assumed by the creative forces of nature, and the greater and lesser gods and goddesses of the Hawaiian people. Respect and care for nature, in turn meant that nature would care for the people. Thus, Hawaiian culture, for the most part, evolved in a healthy relationship with the nature around it, and until the arrival of foreigners on Hawaiian shores, the health and well-being of the people was reflected in the health of nature around them. Today, whether looking to the sea and fisheries, or to the flat lands and mountains, or to the condition of the people, it is all too easy to find signs of stress and diminishing health of Hawaiian ...

At the request of Scott R. Atkinson, Director of Marine and Coastal Conservation, of The Nature Conservancy, and in partnership with the Department of Land and Natural Resources-Division of Aquatic Resources, the University of Hawaii-Hawaii Natural Heritage Program, and various community organizations, Kumu Pono Associates (Maly and Maly) conducted detailed archivalhistorical documentary research, and oral history interviews to identify and document, traditional knowledge of Hawaiian fisheries—including those extending from mountain streams to the beaches, estuaries and near shore, and extending out to the deep sea—and changes in the nature of fishery resources of the Hawaiian Islands as recorded in both written and oral historical descriptions. The historical documentary research cited in this study was compiled from documentary research conducted by Kepa Maly over the last 30 years, and from additional research with specific emphasis on fisheries, conducted between August 2002 to May 2003. The archival-historical research and oral history interviews conducted for this study were performed in a manner consistent with Federal and...

This volume, compiled at the request of Scott Atkinson on behalf of The Nature Conservancy, includes excerpts from more than 130 oral history interviews that have been conducted by Kepa Maly over the last twenty-eight years. The interviewees were born between the 1890s to 1950s, and all shared personal knowledge—either in native beliefs, traditions, customs and practices; the locations of, and types of fish caught; or about the changing the conditions of the resources—in Hawaiian fisheries. The early interviews are taken from notes recorded and expanded by Maly as early as 1975, with excerpts from recorded interviews dating from 1996 to 2002. The interviews conducted specifically as a part of this study date from late 2002 to late 2003. As a result of many years of work, the oral history interviews cited in this study fall under two classes: (1) those conducted between October 2002 to April 2003, and are directly related to aspects of the present study; and (2) those conducted prior to undertaking this study, or as a part of other research, and which share important kama?aina knowledge of Hawaiian traditions and use of fisheries...

All of the formal recorded interviews were transcribed1 and the draft transcripts returned (with the recordings) to the interviewees. Follow up discussions were also conducted in review of the drafttranscripts, and the review process sometimes resulted in the recording of additional narratives with the interviewees, and modifications to the interview transcripts. Following completion of the interview process, all of the participants in the tape recorded interviews gave Maly their permission to include the interviews in this study, and for future reference of the documentation by Maly—some releases were given by signature, and others by verbal agreement. In requesting permission for release from the interview participants, Maly followed a general release of interview records form (Figure 1, at end). In addition to copies of the complete study being given to each participant in the primary interviews, copies will be curated for reference in the collections of The Nature Conservancy, Limahuli Garden- Hui Makaa?inana o Makana, University and community libraries, and at appropriate review agencies....

Introduction. 1 -- Interview Methodology. 1 -- Release Of Oral History Interview Documentation. 2-Contributors To The Oral History Documentation. 2 -- Ka Hana Lawaia:-Kamaaina Observations (1900 To 2003). 8 -- Oral History Interviews. 10 -- (Cited By Date Of Recording And Island Locations)-Island Of Hawaii:-Mary Kawena Pukui-He Moolelo No Halaea–A Tradition Of The Aku Fisheries-Of Kalae, At Kau, And The Ocean Current Of Halaea-Oral History Interview November 7, 1977 – With Kepa Maly. 10-Camellia Kapuaianahulu Kahiwaaialii Wall-Heuer –-At Puueo-Pukihae, Hawaii-Resources Of The Keauhou-Hokukano Vicinity, North Kona Hawaii-March 1, 1996 – Oral History Interview With Kepa Maly. 11 -- Lily Namakaokaia Haanio-Kong, At Keauhou-Oral History Interviews And Site Visits With Kepa Maly-March 7th, March 27th And May 1st, 1996. 12 -- Louis Kanoa Hao, Sr.-Kapalilua Oral History Interviews April 13, 1996-(Follow-Up Discussions On May 24, And June 15, 1996)-With Kepa Maly. 18-William Johnson Hawawakaleoonamanuonakanahele "Billy" Paris, Jr.-Oral History Interview With Kepa Maly-At Lehuula-Nui And Honuaino, April 24, 1996; March 16, 2001;-And April 27...

The following collection of archival and oral historical records was researched and compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of Ms. Ulalia Woodside, Land Legacy Resources Manager (Land Assets Division), of Kamehameha Schools. The research focused on two primary sources of information—historical literature, and summary of oral historical interviews with kupuna and kama?aina, known to be familiar with the history of Keauhou, and neighboring lands in the Districts of Ka?u, Puna, and Hilo, on the island of Hawai?i. The oral historical component of the study is based upon two historical interviews and a summary of an interview program conducted specifically for Hawai?i Volcanoes National Park between 1997 to 2000 (Langlas and Waipa, ms. 1997; and Langlas, 2003). The research brings a wide range (though not exhaustive) of historical references into one manuscript, with written accounts dating from the 1820s and oral historical accounts recalling traditions and personal experiences dating from the 1870s....

Introduction. 1 -- Background. 1 -- Approach To Conducting The Study. 3 -- Historical Documentary Resources. 3 -- A Cultural-Historical Synthesis Of Keauhou And Neighboring Lands. 6 -- Native Traditions And Historical Narratives Of Keauhou And Vicinity. 9 -- Storied Place Names Of Keauhou. 9 -- 1. Na Moolelo (Native Traditions And Historical Accounts). 12 -- "He Meie I Kilauea". 12 -- He Wahi Puolo Lwi. 14 -- "Volcanic Manifestations—Pele". 16 -- Stone For Koi (Adze) Collected At Kilauea. 19 -- Battle Between Pele And Kamapuaa-The Naming Of Halemaumau. 19 -- Why The ohelo Is Sacred To Pele. 26 -- The Explosive Eruption Of Kilauea In 1790. 31 -- Kapiolanis Visit To Kilauea - Breaking The Kapu Of Pele (1823). 32 -- First Visit By Kamehameha Iii To Kilauea (1828). 33 -- Chiefess Bemice Pauahi Bishop's Visit To Kilauea In 1845. 33 -- Historical Accounts Of Kilauea And Attachment To Cultural Landscapes. 34 -- He Kanikau. 34 -- The Eruptions, Earthquakes And Tidal Waves Of 1868. 35 -- "Na Papahi Lei E Kini Kohu Ai"-Lei Of Lehua And Painiu Noted At Kilauea. 39 -- "Na Wahi Pana O Ko Kakou Lua Pele Kaulana" Storied Places Of Our Famous Volca...