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This essay refutes the conpiracy theories about the creation of Israel. It is a very simple presentation of the circumstances under which the Jewish state was created, in order to become clear to the well intentioned and confused reader, that Israel was created like any other country....

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Nursultan Nazarbayev, in full Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev, Nazarbayev also spelled Nazarbaev (born July 6, 1940, Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R.), president of Kazakhstan (from 1990), a reformist who sought regional autonomy for his Central Asian republic. Nazarbayev was the son of Kazakh peasants. He graduated from a technical school in Dneprodzerzhinsk (now Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukraine) in 1960, from a technical school of the Karaganda (now Qaraghandy) Metallurgical Combine in Kazakhstan (1967), and from the Higher Party School in Moscow (1976). He worked as a steelworker and engineer at the Karaganda plant off and on from 1960 to 1977. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1962 and rose through the ranks, becoming a full member of the Kazakhstan Politburo in 1979, chairman of the Kazakh Council of Ministers (1984–89), first secretary of the Kazakhstan party (1989–91), and full member of the CPSU Politburo (1990–91). In 1990 the Supreme Soviet of Kazakhstan elected Nazarbayev president of the republic....

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This original work explores the differences in environmental policy between the US and European countries, providing causal arguments for the differences. This thesis is the only comparative environmental political analysis of its kind, and completely reverses a very ill-informed transatlantic debate with facts and causal analysis. Specific focus is provided for the EU, the UK, and France, on the issues environmental law enforcement, global warming, and the precautionary principle. Advisor: Rahul Sagar Second Reader: Ezra Suleiman...

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Introduction......................................4 1: Regulatory Values............................ 21 2: The American Environmental Conflict.... 38 3: European Environmental Cooperation ....50 A. The Environmental Revolution in Europe B. The Diminishing Direct Effect of EU Environmental Law C. The Aarhus Convention 4: A Comparison of National Level Environmental Law Enforcement.....................................70 A. English Environmental Law: Exceedingly Mild-Mannered B. French Environmental Law: A Balanced Approach C. A Comparison with American Environmental Penalties 5: Climate Change...............................84 A. The Republican Party and Anti-Environmentalism B. Industry and Republicans C. American Public Opinion and the American Oil Industry D. The Waxman-Markey Bill 6: The Precautionary Principle.................95 Conclusion.......................................105...

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The doctoral dissertation analyses the international anticorruption discourse by the World Bank, UNDP and Transparency International. It draws out implicit conceptions of an ideal uncorrupted society. While international anticorruption discourse is found to be broadly reflective of what can be called advanced liberal ideals of governing, the thesis enables an in-depth understanding of the manifold and complex discursive moves through which these particular ideals are constructed and advanced by the discourse....

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"Overall, IAC discourse delegitimizes any social constellation and political project that involves a conception of human beings which differs from ‘rational and self-interested’. [...] These negations of different social structures and political projects are related to other negations, such as of non-positivist ways of acquiring knowledge and investigating corruption and possible counter-measures. In a political project that is structured consistently according to the presuppositions and findings of positivist, rational choice inspired research, any other ways of looking at the world [...] can only be risky and wrong and endanger the fight against corruption"....

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Abbreviations Figures Acknowledgements Quotes Introduction 1 Corruption as a social construction – implications for an analysis of international anticorruption efforts The fight against corruption – an intrinsically good project? Positivist research on corruption – corruption as a fact After positivism – corruption as a socially constructed concept International anticorruption efforts as a site where corruption is constructed 2 A post-Marxist discourse and hegemony theoretical approach to the analysis of international anticorruption discourse A theory of discourse – a theory of society Hegemonic strategy, stratagems and other discursive logics The IAC consensus from a post-Marxist discourse and hegemony theoretical perspective Delimiting and analysing the discourse – ‘operationalisation’ and method 3 Creating the enemy Definitions, manifestations and locations of corruption Causes of corruption Social, political and economic consequences of corruption Subject positions Metaphors...

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It is the argument of this paper that the Canadian government has not yet achieved its goals of women’s equality, elimination of child poverty and optimal national productivity due to an oversight in social policy that neglects the unpaid caregiving sector. The care of the sick, elderly, handicapped, dying and the young has been historically a female role and as women have moved into paid labor, this role has been devalued creating barriers both to those who try to juggle career and family and to those who for a time prioritize the caregiving side, with serious financial and social penalties. Arguments are noted from sociology, health, economics and feminist theory to support the claim that recognition of the care sector is a vital step to achieving equality and ‘best interests’ goals. The present justification for one-sided support of the care sector, focusing only on paid care is analyzed for its lapses in logic, its negatives stereotyping of the unpaid role and its motivations which may undermine the goals it seeks to achieve....