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The 9/11 Commission Report Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States

By: Thomas H. Kean

...FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page ix Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page x Thomas H. Kean chair Richard Ben-Veniste Fred F . Fielding Jamie S. Gorelic... ...17/04 5:25 PM Page ix Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page x Thomas H. Kean chair Richard Ben-Veniste Fred F . Fielding Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Go... ...age our fellow citizens to study, reflect—and act. xviii PREFACE Thomas H. Kean chair Lee H. Hamilton vice chair Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:26 PM Page ... ...acknowledged navigational instructions from the FAA’s air traffic control (ATC) center in Boston. Sixteen seconds after that transmis- sion,ATC instru... ... was abnormal on United 175 came at 8:47, when the aircraft changed beacon codes twice within a minute.At 8:51, the flight deviated from its assigned ... ...ican 11 said “we have planes.”At the same time, New Y ork Center declared “ATC zero”—meaning that aircraft were not permitted to depart from, arrive a... ... Agency, which intercepts and analyzes foreign com- munications and breaks codes.The NSA also creates codes and ciphers to pro- tect government inform... ...o perform “traffic analysis”—studying technical communications systems and codes as well as foreign organizational structures, including those of terr... ..., Sept. 11, 2001;AAL tran- script, telephone call from Bill Halleck to BOS ATC, Sept. 11, 2001.The Air Carrier Standard Security Program required airl...

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