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...te: March 2nd 2009 56 Rajesh Lane Cognitive Development inEnglish Language Teaching ELT ... ... …… Dedicated to my beloved Father 2 Preface Cognitive Development in English Language Teaching pave... ...ussion of the various tasks, as many as twenty six, that maybe used in the cognitive development of the students at the U.G level inthe second languag... ...the analysis of twelvetasks assigned to the students in order to study the cognitivedevelopment of the students in the U.G class. Chapter five is ther... ...troductionChapter II ------- Role of Emergent SyllabusChapter III -------- Cognitive Development in theClassroom 3Chapter IV ... ...d memorization and rule-governed behaviour (where in importance isgiven to grammar). This kind of teaching based on behaviouralpsychology restric... ...he UG level learners are frustratedand confused by the mechanical rules of grammar drills. The consciousadherence to rule with laboured effort by lear... ...ish”,Block –II, 20).Cognitivists oppose the behaviour method of mechanical grammardrilling and believe that repetition as unproductive. “Repetition an... ...ance of communicative competence shifted thelearning process from grammar form focus to content andcommunication.Context determ...

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...Papers in current issue: Neutrosophic Axiomatic System; Neutrosophic Vague Set Theory; Neutrosophic cognitive maps for modeling project portfolio interdependencies; N-Valued Interval Neutrosophic Sets and Their Application in Medical Diagnosis; A Comparison of Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (COBFCM) and Combine...

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...ophic Vague Set Theory Ameirys Betancourt-Vázquez, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez, Karina Perez-Teruel 40 Neutrosophic cognitive maps for modeling proje... ... Hojjatollah Farahani, Florentin Smarandache, Lihshing Leigh Wang 70 A Comparison of Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (COBFCM) and ... ... [6] F. Smarandache, V. Christianto, n-ary Fuzzy Logic and Neutrosophic Logic Operators, in “Studies in Logic Grammar and Rhetoric”, Belarus, ... ...puter Sciences”, 11 (1982), 341–356. Critical Review. Volume X, 201540 Neutrosophic cognitive maps for modeling ... ...portfolio interdependencies, and specially risks interdependencies, usingneutrosophic logic and neutrosophic cognitive maps. This proposal has... ...example is presented to demonstrate the applicability ofthe proposed method.KeywordsNeutrosophic logic, Neutrosophic cognitive maps, Risk interdepende...

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...Cyclopedia of issues in modern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....

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...ains.Serendipity cannot underlie an achievement.These are the internal-epistemological-cognitivedeterminants as they are translated into action. Butwh... ...perties, expressive and motivational components,situational and individual variations, cognitive andexcitatory interdependent manifestations andpsycho... ...ratification versus repercussions (reward to risk)ratio – can be obtained only through cognitive tools.Anger is provoked by aversive treatment, delibe... ...he appraisal of the extent of compliance withconventions of social exchange) – is also cognitive.The angry person and the personality disordered boths... ... – is also cognitive.The angry person and the personality disordered bothsuffer from a cognitive deficit. They are unable toconceptualise, to design e... ...alled artists.Theirs is the job to experience (mostly emotions), tomould it into a the grammar, syntax and vocabulary of auniversal language in order ... ... interactions, as we described earlier, its structure, the rules of decision (grammar and syntax) and the rules of interpretation (seman...

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... Decision Makers, Intelligence Communities, and Assessment of the Adversary’s Intentions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Keren Yarhi-Milo 8 Social Cognitive Neuroscience: The Neuroscience of Intent . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Sabrina J. Pagano 9 Neuropsychological and Brain-Imaging Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Abigail J. C. Chapman 10 D...

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...s Intentions. . . . . . 87 Keren Yarhi-Milo 8 Social Cognitive Neuroscience: The Neuroscience of Intent . . . . . . . . . . ... ...tional relations at Texas A&M University, where her researchfocused on the cognitive aspects of foreign policy decision mak-ing, and taught at Creight... ...she designed an innovativemultimethod approach using neurogenetics, social-cognitivepsychology, and neuroscience to identify possible changes inneural... ...ciplines: anthropology, social psychology, interna-tional politics, social cognitive neuroscience, survey science,communications, and decision science... ...l psychology, • decision science, • international politics, • social cognitive neuroscience, • survey science, and • communications. The pu... ...ing myths, social structures,and behaviors, one can reveal a deep cultural grammar thatconstitutes the structured meanings of a culture. Furthermore,t...

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...e principles—Persistence, Interactivity, Embodiment, and Interoperability—that make the metaverse a uniquely powerful learning environment. Learn the cognitive science of "presence" and how it leads to unparalleled student engagement and memory retention. ** Demystifying the Tech Stack: Cut through the jargon. Get a clear, educator-focused breakdown of VR, AR, MR, and XR,...

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... Chapter 2: The Science of Immersion: How We Learn in 3D ................................. 39 The Cognitive Psychology of Presence: What happens to ... ...what it is not. We will demystify the technology stack VR, AR, MR, XR and delveinto the fascinating cognitive science that explains why learning in im... ...eing there" (spatial presence) and "being there with others" (social presence) triggers powerful cognitive and emotional responses. fMRI studies... ...ion of strong, durable episodic memories. • Embodied Cognition: This revolutionary paradigm in cognitive science posits that our intelligence ... ...ur brains evolved to remember places and the events that happened there. The hippocampus creates cognitive maps of our environment. The metavers... ...e, context-aware 170dialogue that responds to their specific vocabulary and grammar. A history student caninterview an AI-powe...

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...of plots, characters, and symbolism; apt and vivid use of language and imagery; and even the sources of disastrously unintended humor. By making the cognitive basis clear and constantly exploring the alternative possibilities, this book shows how great writers have made their writing so great and what would-be writers should keep firmly in mind to emulate them. Since ...

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... 1. Cognitive Collision 1 The key literary principles of Contrast and Coherence. 2. A Megalosaurus in WC1 10 Creating vividness in the face of sensory satiation: the necessity of change—and change ...

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...s, exercises, etc. 7. Creative writing.To Betchen i TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Cognitive Collision 1 ... ...urtesy Henry Trotter © 2005) vi Chapter One Cognitive Collision Beauty is all very well at f... ...r trade to master practical rhetoric. And since the issuesof contrast and coherence are also cognitive issues, I have sought help ... ...er for him), for fear the Stage should be clear’d and the Scenes broken.”10 Viewed as a cognitive demand, rather than as a group of mechanicalrul... ...ments of Style in Literature3 If what I have argued in the first chapter is true—that our cognitiveapparatus is so constructed that even the most v... ...facts. Analogical thinking is, in fact, what the brain in that warehousedoes best, since the grammar of language itself works on the basis ofanalogy. ... ... Standard General American. The standard languages inEngland, Germany, and France unify both grammar and pronunciation. Not so in theU.S., where the s... ...h grammar and pronunciation. Not so in theU.S., where the standard language unifies only the grammar. This is why your dictionarydoesn’t tell you how ... ...gol’sother half—does not consider himself bound by the promise: hence themanipulation of the grammar. Both Sméagol and Gollum use the first-person plu...

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...s Model 65 3.2 Definition and Illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMS) 72 3.3 Definition of the New Fuzzy Dynamical System 77 3.4 Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps with Examples 78 3.5 Description of Neutrosophic Relational Maps 87 3.6 Description of the new Fuzzy Neutrosophic model 92 Chapter Four MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE VIEWS ABOUT VEDIC MATHEMATICS USING FUZ...

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...n of the New Fuzzy Dynamical System 77 33.4 Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps with Examples 783.5 Description of Neutrosophic Rela... ... using fuzzy analysis. We analyzed thisproblem using fuzzy models like Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM),Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRM) and the newly constructe... ...ion to encapsulate a rule or a principle. Both VedicMathematics and Sanskrit grammar built on the foundations ofrigorous logic and on a deep understan... ...how the humanmind works. The methodology of Vedic Mathematics and ofSanskrit grammar help to hone the human intellect and to guideand groom the human ... ... dynamicalsystem. In section 4 we just recall the definition ofNeutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs), NeutrosophicRelational Maps (NRMs) are given... ...M and the Working of this ModelIn this section we recall the notion of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps(FCMs), which was introduced by Bart Kosko [68] in the year... ... recalled the definitions. For more aboutFCMs please refer Kosko [68]. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs)are more applicable when the data in the first place...

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...ute Truths 204 9. Untouched by Consciousness 205 10. Logical Atomism 206 11. Exclusive Judgments 209 12. Empty Terms 211 7. About Cognitive Development 215 1. The Fourth R 215 2. Empirical Studies 217 3. Piaget’s Model 220 4. Piaget’s Experiments 222 5. Lines of Inquiry 228 6. Experimental Techniques 232 7. Private Languages ...

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............................................................ 2117. About Cognitive Development ..................................... 215 1. Th... ...orce, an engine, ofthought.The laws are not mere information, but calls to cognitiveaction. They enjoin proactive and curative cogn... .... The reason for these laws is that such situationsof antinomy put us in a cognitive quandary – we are left withno way out of the logical difficulty, ... ...not double paradox) is notequivalent to antinomy. We may look upon them as cognitivedifficulties of different degrees. In this perspective, whereascat... ... eventually be considered unreal – i.e. ‘illusory’ (this constitutes a cognitive crisis).(c) Finally, one realizes that, whether something is real... ...ciplines,though with perhaps slightly different perspectives. Forinstance, grammarians have observed that words may vary in98 ... ...ewording, some sentences are grammatically unacceptable. I21 In French grammar, it is the distinction between thenominative and the accusative cas... ...Noam Chomsky (American, b. 1928), the founder ofmodern ‘generative grammar’, distinguishes between ‘deepstructure’, which consist... ...found common to alllanguages, and ‘surface structure’, which refers to the grammars ofspecific languages. Incidentally, in my view, deep grammaticalst...

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... 2. About Induction 389 3. About Words 404 4. About Formal Logic 413 5. About Paradoxes 426 6. About “Modern Logic” 440 7. About Cognitive Development 448 8. About Causal Logic 456 9. About Negation 466 10. Jewish Logic: A Brief History and Evaluation 479 11. Islamic Logic 485 12. Logical Aspects of Foucault’s Archeology 492 13....

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................ 4404 LOGICAL PHILOSOPHY 7. About Cognitive Development ........................................................ .............................................................. 446 7. About Cognitive Development ........................................................ ...he underlyingdogma (about dharmas), and admit that we have another sort of cognitive relation with the self and its exclusiveproperties (consciousness... ...e experiential level to the conceptual level, with reference to convincing cognitiveprocesses. If we thereby arrive at a conclusion justifying the bas... ...y apprehended (we can experience two things as both present in a given cognitive field), whereas negation of conjunction is a more rational ob... ...less and to be excluded at the outset from all human discourse. What shape grammar would thentake, I do not know; no one has proposed a convincing mod... ...) used by someone or some group, in accordance with certain accepted rules(grammar). Words, for old or new things, are almost daily coined and adopted... ...asty generalization – from specifically relative terms to all words. Every grammarian knows thatrelative terms are just one type of term among others.... ...iplines, though with perhaps slightly different perspectives.For instance, grammarians have observed that words may vary in form according to their po...

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... a period of some 23 years, which all demonstrate the possibility and conditions of validity of human knowledge, the utility and reliability of human cognitive means when properly used, contrary to the skeptical assumptions that are nowadays fashionable. This volume includes essays on the laws of thought, credibility, logical modality, contextuality, adduction, theory for...

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...s is the first and basiclesson of inductive logic, that we must accept our cognitivelimitations. It is no use looking for means to an absolute anddefi... ...te that induction is not an invention of logicians; it isman’s instinctive cognitive heritage. Logicians only uncoverwhat mankind has naturally, alway... ...us orinhabiting the same place. The soul is in no way internallyaltered by cognitive or volitional or surrounding physiologicaland physical events; on... ... (biological infrastructures,organs) which enable, delimit, and assist its cognitive andvolitional relations to other things; and a power of the soul ... ... as incompatible, whatever their levels of abstraction and cognitive roots; always pursuing consistency in one’s knowledge. (Contradi... ...gless and to be excluded at the outset from all humandiscourse. What shape grammar would then take, I do not know;43 It is I hope clear that what ... ...) used by someone or some group, in accordancewith certain accepted rules (grammar). Words, for old or newthings, are almost daily coined and adopted ...

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... children/students with their uncontrolled, involuntary and unconscious use. However, games play an important role in children's social, cognitive and sociocultural development when they serve the right purpose. Games, which have a great impact on the satisfaction of children's sense of curiosity, the development of self expression skills, the acquisi...

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...eatures) such as sounds oropportunity to perceive the context of grammar, some focus on thethe language (who is speaking, what is ... ... collecting, reviewing, questioning andactivities. Activities and grammar systematically examining variousstudies are also carr... ...rtant role in the Internet and computer games aresocial, cognitive and sociocultural considered as technological miraclesde... ...hile some studies mentioned the game screen causes the personthe cognitive, social, affective, and become addicted (Ögel, 2017). Ga... ...sionsproblems to occur and their of school attachment, namely cognitive,commitment to school to be negatively affective, and beh... ...ssmates, and school; andplace in children's lives where they the cognitive dimension refers to havingspend a significant amount of time in ... ... Fitrian,Zubaidah, Susilo and Al Muhdhar, period when students' cognitive and2019). emotional development p... ...sophy, pedagogy, through activity in an imaginarypsychology, grammar, history, biology situation. Researchers such as Jeromeand... ...ot solely shouldn't the entire universe and ourteach arithmetic or grammar, positive planet be a place of playing to complysciences, ...

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...rhythm [12] Altered gene expression [13] Altered metabolism [14] Altered stem cell development [15] Cancers [16] Cardiovascular disease [17] Cognitive impairment [18] DNA damage [19] Impacts on general well-being [20] Increased free radicals [21] •Learning and memory deficits [22] Impaired sperm function and quality [23] Miscarriage [24] Neurological da...

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...olism Altered stem cell development Cancers Cardiovascular disease Cognitive impairment DNA damage Impacts on general well-being Incre... ... • Cognitive impairment [18]In order to transmit the enormous amounts of dat... ...rotection of Humanity, Environment and Democracy; 2009.18. Deshmukh P et al. Cognitive impairment and neurogenotoxic effects in rats exposed to low-in... ...ol Med. 2014;33(4):282-288. doi:tem radio-frequency fields on Well Being and Cognitive Functions of human subjects with and without 10.3109/153... ...logy and Public Health effect of RF-EMF brain dose on cognitive functions that involve Swiss Tropical and Public H... ...ostatic test (i.e., transition from lying to standing andback) in 46 healthy grammar school students. A 1788 MHz pulsed wave with intensity of 54 1.6 ...

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...a great deal of interesting new research that would be of interest both to the informed reader and the general public.” —DEREK HODGSON, Professor of Cognitive Archaeology, University of York “I strongly recommend this book to everyone interested in the human evolution, primarily on the strength of (1) the author’s original thesis that detecting hidden motionless pre...

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...as been discovered that chimpanzees have arithmetical skills (Inoue S, 2007). Many social functions, such as altruism, understanding another person’s cognitive state, social cooperation, and cultural transmission, which were once thought to be human-specific, have recently been described in various forms in chimpanzees, bonobos and other great apes (Call J, 2008; Hare B, 2...

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...ll Discussion of Part 1 108 Part 2. Evolution of the Human Mind 135 Chapter 7. Introduction: a quick guide to paleoanthropology 136 Chapter 8. Cognitive evolution through the prism of paleontological evidence 160 Chapter 9. Evolutionary pressure drives better predator detection 191 Chapter 10. Overall Discussion of Part 2 219 Part 3. The “last” mutation 254 ...

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...rmed reader and the general public.” —DEREK HODGSON, Professor of Cognitive Archaeology, Univer... ...e to paleoanthropology............................................ 136Chapter 8. Cognitive evolution through the prism of paleontological evidence....... ...S, 2007). Many socialfunctions, such as altruism, understanding another person’s cognitivestate, social cooperation, and cultural transmission, which ... ...xible syntax, prepositions, adjectives, verb tenses, and othercommon elements of grammar, all facilitate the human ability tocommunicate an infinite n... ... explicitly recognizedby Galileo, Descartes, and the 17th-century ‘philosophical grammarians’and their successors, notably von Humboldt” (Hauser MD, 2... ...of great complexity, with verb agreement and otherconventions of grammar (Kegl J, 1999; Senghas A, 2004). The spontaneous developm... ...hange themeaning of a sentence (Hauser MD, 2002). All human languages usecomplex grammar. The following statement combines the three concepts: all... ...ties of the objects and entities they encounter. Given their perceptual and cognitive similarities to us, they might be expected to generate... ... intellectual resource that allows us to process such knowledge is our symbolic cognitive style. This is a shorthand term for our ability to mentall...

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...odernization and polonization of didactic materials and literature p. 197 2.5.1. Didactic and didactic-scientific literature p. 197 2.5.2. Arabic grammars p. 200 2.5.3. Textbooks for learning Arabic p. 203 2.5.4. Dictionaries p. 209 2.5.5. Other textbooks and scripts for learning the Arabic language p. 216 2.5.6. Other (exemplary) Arabic textbooks p. 218 2.6. ...

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...u arabistycznych książek, wydał drukiem pierwsze wydanie grama-tyki Arabic Grammar of the Written Language (Wyd. Julius Groos, Heidelberg). Szcze-góln... ... w bibliotekach obu arabistyk (jak również G.W. atcher, Key to the Ara-bic Grammar of the Written Language, Lund Humphries, London ; idem, ArabicG... ...tępne edycje zostały poprawione i zaktualizowane; a takżeegzemplarz Arabic Grammar of the Written Language wydany przez Frederick UngarPublishing Co. ... ...ngarPublishing Co. w ). W r. Earl Edgar Elder opublikował Arabic Grammar. Inductive Method (Schoolof Oriental Studies, Kair ). Napisał r... ...adów Wydawnictw Szkolnych w Warszawie. W r. wyszła A New Arabic Grammar of the Written Language¯³¦ J.A. Haywooda, chyba najpopularniejs... ... Związku Kompozytorów Polskich i towarzystw naukowych: European Societyfor Cognitive Sciences of Music, European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, Internati...

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... each other's gestures as they talk, and use each other's phrases and grammar.  Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying ... ...  Level 4: Process Refinement;  Level 5: User Refinement (or Cognitive Refinement). Florentin Smarandache ... ...Position&Kinematic attribute estimation. Object identify estimation. Cognitive-based models:  Voting method;  Bayesian method;  ... ...dial velocity (Doppler). Active tracking, passive tracking. Pathetic cognitive models. Knowledge representation. Use hybrid methods. Hu... .... Metadata. Data, filtering. Event prediction. Level 5 fusion: cognitive refinement. Micro and nano-scale sensors. Wireless communic... ...efinement. Micro and nano-scale sensors. Wireless communications. Cognitive versus computational. Decomposing the problem. Formulate an... ...oach. Trajectory modeling and inference using stochastic context-free grammars. Trajectory modeling and inference using reciprocal processes...

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...The Sense of Pure Wonder is a continual sense of awareness which is curious about everything, and never stops being curious. It uses all of the cognitive skills of your mind; continually asking questions, continually figuring things out, continually wondering about things, continually looking at things in new ways, continually experiencing new things, continually com...

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...ch is curiousabout everything, and never stops being curious. It uses all of the cognitiveskills of your mind; continually asking questions, continual... ...ing to movies like Dumb and Dumberer. Why? Because before they evengraduate from grammar school; their ability to think critically has already been de... ... something:slingshots, arrows, spears, rocks, the heading of a page, a header in grammar, the heading on a page, theheading on a sentence, the heading... ...tually impossible to write… never mind understand. Never mind theinsane rules of grammar, and punctuation, etc.We have taken their obsession with pili... ...ecause I saw through the scams and farces of civilizationbefore I graduated from grammar school, because I did not swallow the mass propaganda I wassu...

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...Aims, requirements, criteria, and plans for pro- cognitive systems. 3. Schemata for storage, organization, ... ...om "primary nature." The segmentation of the over-all cognitive process ap-pears to have arisen, not because ... ...K. A small part K^ of K is understood inthe form of some cognitive structure Ci — that is located in the ex-perimenter ... ...ereas the planets and stars are concrete, and that pro-cognitive systems may be misinterpreted as rivaling ma... ... with several syntactic categoriesand myriad rules of grammar. Despite the ready availability of the foregoing ... ...esses us as muchcloser to an organizable, processible cognitive structurethan is the sentence made of words. ... ...ing DNA and RNA, models of transformational grammars, and information-compression codes. ... ...ion of the grammatical structure of the sentence. The grammars that have been used as bases for syn- tactic-a... ... for syn- tactic-analysis programs include dependency grammars, phrase-structure grammars with continuous and ...

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...era, M Leyva, Analysis of technologicalinnovation contribution to gross domestic product based on neutrosophic cognitive maps andneutrosophic numbers ... ...a, W.B., Kandasamy, I., Devvrat, V. and Ghildiyal, S., Study of Imaginative Play in Childrenusing Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps Model ……………………………………………... ...mi Govindan,W.B.Vasantha Kandasamy,Said Broumi, An Approach forstudy of traffic congestion problem using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cogniti... ...he, F. (2019). A hybrid Neutrosophic multiple criteria group decision making approach for project selection. Cognitive Systems Research, 57, 216-227... ... New Mexico Analysis of Technological Innovation Contribution to Gross Domestic Product Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps and Neut... ... 𝐶12 Eye Reaction 𝐶13 Cognitive Response 𝐶14 Grammar and Linguistics �... ...ate of 𝐶4 node that is facial expression has indeterminate effect on verbalization- 𝐶8, tone of voice - 𝐶9, grammar, linguistics - 𝐶14 and coheren... ... find the effect of 𝑚 on 𝑀3 ; Next weconsider the only on state of the node 𝐶14 alone that is the child has grammar and linguistics in theon state ... ..., ,0,1,1) = 𝑚2(= 𝑚1). The hidden pattern is a fixed point given by 𝑚2. Clearly if the child has developed grammar andlinguistics naturally the ch...

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...os Vera, Julio César Torres Cegarra, Pablo Mariano OjedaSotomayor. Pestel based on neutrosophic cognitive maps to characterize the factors that influe... ...n Ricardo, J.AlcioneSganderla Figueiredo, F. Smarandache. Pestel analysis based on neutrosophic cognitive maps andneutrosophic numbers for the sinos r... ...piñan Ricardo, J., Chero Cano, I. M., Intriago Alcivar, G. C., and Torres Vargas, R. J. (2016). Cognitive neuroscience and emotional intelligence. ... ...Estrada, A., and Gulín-González, J. (2013). Model for the analysis of scenarios based on fuzzy cognitive maps: case study in biomedical software (Mod... ...ilability of skills for access to information and for the use of any technological resource. - Cognitive abilities to transform information into know... ...ts the conduct of the ideal subject and proposesto describe it by means of the elaboration of a grammar that he called generative. Right from its begi... ... professional knowledge. Based on such postulates, free Greeks and Romans cultivated rhetoric, grammar and logic, that is why they were calledliberal... ...tas, as one of the first classifications of the liberal arts, they containedthe following arts: grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, geometry, arithmetic, a...

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...• The analysis of information consists in the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses in a se... ...ed systems. Knowledge engineering is related to mathematical logic, and heavilyinvolved in cognitive sciences and socio-cognitive engineering where kn... ... in cognitive sciences and socio-cognitive engineering where knowledge is produced bysocio-cognitive aggregates (especially human) and is structured a... ...izing (REN) - Recognizing and classifying all named entities contained in a text, using grammar-based methods or statistical models. ... ...stateof the world. (Arrow 1966) Intelligence analysis applies individual and collective cognitive methods to assess data andtest assumptions in a s... ... major changes in an area of interest, helping todevelop evidence-based prognoses with low cognitive bias. (Heuer and Pherson 2010) Structured anal...