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...itary doctrine (1) reverts from the defensive to an offensive preemption, (2) reverts from no nuclear first use to nuclear escalation, (3) guarantees ethnic Russians living in former Soviet states protection, (4) emphasizes the importance of military advancement in C4I, smart weapons, and mobility, and (5) emphasizes strategic nonnuclear deterrent forces....

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... . 8 Military Doctrine—Military Art—Operational Art—Tactics . . . .9 Soviet/Russian Military Doctrine Evolution . . . . 9 Soviet Military Doctrine Stereotype . . . . . 16 Notes . . . . . . 19 3 RUSSIAN IMPRESSION OF THE GULF WAR . . . . . . 23 Strategy . . . . . 24 The Threat . . . . . . 25 Future War . . . . . . 25 The Initial Period of War . . . . . 27 Operatio...

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...ary Doctrine Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Soviet Military Doctrine Stereotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Notes ... ... preemption, (2) reverts from no nuclear first use tonuclear escalation, (3) guarantees ethnic Russians living in former Soviet statesprotection, (4) ... ...ve befallen our country recently, the critical situation in the economy, the state of ethnic relations and natural calamities are reducing the cha... ...ely, we see a persistent and recurrent theme involving offensiveaction. One can build a stereotype of the general characteristics of this doctrine.As ... ...ure wherever theywished their military strategy to go. Soviet Military Doctrine Stereotype In the strategic-operational plan, the high command... ...iew of the Gulf War. What is more important, they describehow the Russians modified the stereotype of the military doctrine based onthe lessons they b... ... It describes the danger in terms of social, political, territorial,religious, national-ethnic, and other conflicts. The military danger derives from ... ...se of nuclear weapons to a possibility of nuclearescalation; guarantees its 25 million ethnic Russians living in former Soviet statesprotection from ... ...e “guarantor of stability” throughout the formerSoviet Union, and said that the fate of ethnic Russians living in neighboringstates was “our national ...

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...ing the Approach 27 Approaches / Locations / Sampling / Data Collection / Fieldwork / Analysis / Constraints Chapter 4 Who are the Rohingya? 39 An Ethnic Group? / Defining ‘Rohingya’ / Identity Construction / Other Rakhine Muslims Chapter 5 Social Exclusion 57 Horizontal: British Administration / Mass Immigration / Riots Vertical: Politics 1942-1948 / Mujahid Insurgen...

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...and their proximalancestors have been born in the Rakhine state. The origin ofthe Rohingya ethnic group is outlined. The differentperceptions of the t... ... Analysis / ConstraintsChapter 4 Who are the Rohingya? 39An Ethnic Group? / Defining ‘Rohingya’ / IdentityConstruction ... ...ter 8 Towards Future Policy 129Perceptions of Citizenship / Ethnic Discrimination / HumanSecurity / Closing RemarksRefe... ... Chapter 1 Setting the Scene‘Rohingya’ is the name of an ethnic group, of which the majority ofthe members live in t... ...n and about 1.08 million are inRakhine State (Fortify Rights 2014, p. 16).Many and diverse ethnic groups live in Rakhine State, with theRakhine ethnic... ...out the in-groupand out-group members’ performances, in order to reinforce theirprevailing stereotypes, prejudices and discriminatory behaviours.Alter... ...gle to attain or maintain a positive social identity (Franzoi,1996).Franzoi (1996) defined stereotype, prejudice and discrimination inthe following wa... ...t Rakhine society. Theexclusion gradually threatened the human security of the Rohingyasas stereotypes, prejudices and discriminatory behaviours incre... ...from acomplex social phenomenon such as in-group and out-group bias thatgradually develops stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination and relatedintoleran...

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...book game designed to challenge misinformation about migrants and minority ethnic communities. Video resource: https://youtu.be/5jRNqEoJp_Y Facebook g... ... national the task.‘culture’ can be used to or ethnic group share (e.g. doescreate ingroups and everyo... ... Interactivewhere and how they the process from stereotypes to PowerPointlearn stereotypes and ... ... examples from real life and the told answershow stereotypes media to explain how we learnbecome the ... ... media to explain how we learnbecome the basis for stereotypes, starting with the “But it’s normal andprejudice ... ...s should make itthe role of the media in very clear that stereotypes and “This is just how thecreating and ... ...tion and exclusion – How power relations between majority (or dominant) ethnic groups and minority ethnic groups enable discrimination and exclu... ... background information on the truth behind these stories  Statistics on ethnicity and inequality available at local and/or national level: o P... ...ower relations between majority (or dominant) ethic groups and minority ethnic groups enable discrimination and exclusion  Everyday racism – t...

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...and Kazakh, are primarily geographical, tribal or confederation names, not ethnonyms. Those appellations were mistakenly or deliberately turned into "ethnic"or "political" classifications by early explorers or intelligence agents arriving in those lands ahead of the Russian armies and bureaucrats....

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... Muslim Arabs had expanded their political state far beyond the Arab lands. Consequently, the Muslim community of believers, umma, began to encompass ethnicities beyond the Arabs themselves. The first non-Arabs to accept Islam in large numbers were the Persians, whose empire the Arab forces defeated in a series of battles between 637-651. ...

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... geographical, tribalor confederation names, not ethnonyms. Those appellations were mistakenly ordeliberately turned into "ethnic"or "political" class... ...re. The two constituteparallel series of reference markers on the identity map. The dastans are theprincipal repository of ethnic identity, history, c... ... to be known in the west from thoselanguages rather than the original Turkish.Thus language alone was no sure indicator of ethnicity, for the educated... ... its role in their identities. The tension, even hostility, amongthem remained as well, and is documented by the slurs and stereotypes, and byfrequent... ...ssian "incident" of 1986, ought to be reexamined as well.128 Even the center'ssupport for creating of "hostage" pockets in ethnically uniform populati... ...lly uniform populations seemsaimed at diluting homogenous areas capable of mounting national movementsand to incite inter- ethnic enmity.129If "the St...

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...ts of dialectal survey for AMPRom ........ 208Anca-Diana BibiriChapter 13. Ethnical stereotypes – cause of communicationdifficulties? ................... ...lectal survey for AMPRom ........ 208Anca-Diana BibiriChapter 13. Ethnical stereotypes – cause of communicationdifficulties? ............................ ...aul Cornea invites us into the worldof the cultural pressure, the world of stereotypes and prejudices (“there is noperfectly innocent approach of the ... ... employees of the company work, 6. Social Identity Group - any group, ethnic, religious ordemographic has its own culture, Another division ... ...ge to Real Madrid's Ultra Surs ( Ball 2003, Ch 10). Attitudestowards race, ethnicity and cultural identity shifted during theGonzales years, with foot... ...is reframing embraces multifaceted aspects of the Spanish game's competing ethnicities andnationalities, most notably in the political, media and cult... ... debate between Spain'spast and the renaissance of regional identities and ethnicities.On theone hand, the continuity of the Spanish state, firmly emb... ... of the World Cup in 1982. It was derided andcriticised for using outdated stereotypes and images of 'Spanishness',which seemed to reflect the francoi... ...per.htm 218 Chapter 13 Ethnical stereotypes – cause of communication difficulties? ...

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...bout CloningXII. Ethical Relativism and Absolute TaboosXIII. The Merits of StereotypesXIV. The Happiness of OthersXV. The Egotistic FriendXVI. T... ...n and cultural bias? Can we agree on a universaleugenic agenda in a world as ethnically and culturallydiverse as ours? If we do get it wrong - and the... ... valuable genotypes. Inter-marriage between races, groups in the population, ethnicgroups, and clans is thus bound to improve the species'chances of s... ... hypotheses:I. That the IQ (or any other measurable trait) of a givenrace or ethnic group is hereditarily determined (i.e., thatskin color and IQ - or... ... status.II. That the IQ (or any other quantifiable trait) of a givenrace or "ethnic group" is the outcome of social andeconomic circumstances and even... ...sintegration of our weakening society. 96 The Merits of Stereotypes By: Dr. Sam Vaknin Also Read: The... ... don't know butthat they know so much that ain't so. -- Henry Wheeler ShawDo stereotypes usefully represent real knowledge ormerely reflect counter-pr... ...fully represent real knowledge ormerely reflect counter-productive prejudice?Stereotypes invariably refer in a generalized manner to -often arbitrary ... ... genders, religions,people with alternative lifestyles or sexual preferences,ethnic groups, the poor, the rich, professionals, and anyother conceivabl...

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...me is social chaos: childrenPart III killing their peers at school, ethnic cleansing of Part ... ...iscrimination onthe basis of religion, caste, creed, doctrine, race,color, or ethnic origin following a decree by Pres-ident His Highness Sheikh Khali... .... Part IRacially and Ethnically DiversePer the Bloomberg article, titled, Want FasterGrowth? ... ...2018, during the last four decades, the U.S.has become much more racially and ethnically Part IIdiverse. The share ... ...rmance. Evidence from developing nations shows that ethnic divisions, often created as a result of arbi- trary ... ...lowing: Am I Part Ia tolerant person? Do I stereotype people? DoI reject those who are different from me? Do Iblame...

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...entalist viewpoints and the political discourses of the time contributedto the formation of negative stereotypes about Islam (Metin, 2013). Afterthe f... ...g to thewidespread propagation of negative perceptions of Islam in society. By focusing on negative stereotypes and associating Muslims withterrorism... ...em.For instance, in some schools in Germany, projects have been organized forstudents from different ethnic and religious backgrounds, encouraging the... ...e misleading and false content theyencounter in the media, thereby preventing the spread of negative stereotypesabout Islam and Muslims. When people b... ...ination. These meetingshave addressed issues such as daily discrimination faced by Muslims in theEU, ethnic-based police interventions, and hate crime... ...m and Muslimperpetrated, by a series of closed views that imply and attribute negativeand derogatory stereotypes and beliefs to Muslims’ (Kalın, 2011:... ...elationship with the PIS. Thefinal finding was that the PIS predicted higher levels of religious and ethnicidentity, even when prejudice was taken int... ..., F. (2011). Towards a Definition of Islamophobia: Approximations of The Early Twentieth Century. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(4).Buhârî, M. b. İ.... ...febecoming a distinct understanding. The understanding of multicultural lifeenvisaged that different ethnic, cultural and religious groups could live ...

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...and metaphors they foundentrenched in the literary tradition, whereby they not infrequently, albeitinadvertently, reproduced stereotypes imposed by th... ...ionin queer studies and the attention paid to cultural factors that afectthe ways in which queer identities are defned (e.g. ethnic background,gender,... ...derpinnings and from a wrong belief that the study of textsin terms of cultural notions, such as gender, sexual identity and ethnicity,reduced the mea... ... the input of multiple (social, economic, political and historical)contingencies into how notions such as gender, sexual and ethnic identity,function ... ...nta-tions and expressions of homosexuality, that is, for stereotypical render-ings of homosexuals and for responses to these stereotypes in the workso... ...so dubbed decadent (decadentista), the homophile model and the campmodel. The malditista paradigm arose as a reaction to the stereotype ofthe homosexu... ...s by Spanish activists shortly after the fall ofthe dictatorship. Third on Mira’s list, the camp model is associated withthe stereotype of the inverte... ...is-course will efect its subjectivation, to use Foucault’s terminology. Willthe image of homosexuality refer to the existing stereotypes in one wayor ...

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........................................................... 56Chapter 10 & 11: Stereotypes, Misconstructions, and Propaganda................................ ...ll be another shift of focus towardsconcepts related to race such as fears, stereotypes and propaganda as itpertains to the virus. These chapters aim ... ...s back to mainstreamattention. The virus disproportionally affects specific ethnic groups aswell those with disabilities. In a statement, the director... ...s rise (Shanks, 2020). In fact,he believes that politicians did not collect ethnic data about the virusbecause “they knew what data would tell them”. ... ...reover, the truth of the matter gets more complicated than justreferring to ethnicity. What it really comes down to is another factor ofeugenics—class... ...ons are false as they are based on the idea thatindividuals across specific ethnicities, religions or cultures all behavein similar ways (Dodds and Ka... ...itamin deficiencies or commondiseases to the rise of COVID-19 among certain ethnic groups. Theseare also not likely the reason these groups have this ... ...g to more and more deaths. ConclusionChapter 10 & 11: Stereotypes, Misconstructions, and PropagandaThe COVID-19 virus has drasti... ...it harm their own lives but alsothe lives of others.60 Chapter 10 & 11: Stereotypes, Misconstructions, and PropagandaCov...

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...vision has long been criticised ashaving unnaturally low representation of ethnicminorities, for example. The reason is clear:mass media needs to appe... ...he inclusion of geeks, politically involvedpeople, socially shy people and ethnic 69minorities who still embraced their own cultu... ...e generallytold by their management to 'stick to the script',often being a stereotype that pleases their fans.While people generally can't act out ast... ...ents' fromother celebrities. Some reality TV charactersalso try to act out stereotypes they think willearn them certain fanbases, including thereligio... ...dy, the best thing to do would just be to 104choose a stereotype, stick to it, and 'fake it tillyou make it'. But I won't do this... ...ingthat's not 'the real me'. I am a unique person. Ifyou want the same old stereotypes, I'm afraidyou'll have to look elsewhere. I know that atleast s... ...e the culture war lines to be successful.For example, to fit the religious stereotype onewould have to oppose marriage equality, or atleast allow peop...

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... philosophy of teaching. their Hawaiian ethnicity down their throats?” ... ... philosophy of teaching. their Hawaiian ethnicity down their throats?” ... ...n they were rooted want to cram their Hawaiian ethnicity down their throats?” Hawaiian cultural first in a Hawai... ...n they were rooted want to cram their Hawaiian ethnicity down their throats?” Hawaiian cultural first in a Hawai... ...I knew I wasn’t so weird after all. But I had Hawaiian ethnicity down their throats”? No, but I also don’t literature as... ... and to what extent are they practiced? What is their present-day stereotypes. Nainoa Thompson, the first Hawaiian in centuries to become an ... ... and to what extent are they practiced? What is their present-day stereotypes. Nainoa Thompson, the first Hawaiian in centuries to become an ... ...es a larger literary voice supported the hegemonic stereotype of Native Hawaiians as (such as the petition compri... ...and disseminated covertly seem to support this stereotype. Across Grades 3, 6, 8, and 10, the national norm to sp...

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...Command and Control in Support of the Air Campaign”;“National Fragmentation, Ethnicity, and the New World Order”;“The Iraq-Kuwait Crisis: Structural D... ...eness. According to Mary Zey, representativeness causes peopleto “act as if stereotypes are more common than they actuallyare.”49 Individuals classif... ...ting to minimize their individual “cog-nitive dissonance”). Over time, these stereotypes bolster self-perpetuating cycles of interagency conflict with... ...formation exchange, and innovativethinking.36 Reinforced by self-perpetuated stereotypes, this or-ganizational cleavage remains pronounced between the... ...foreign intervention. This creates inter-agency conflict by perpetuating the stereotypes regarding the useof force for intervention activities that do... ...he options for resolution. If the parties view the conflict in nationalist, ethnic, or ideological terms, escalation of the dispute and recourse to ... ...ther.” I don’t think State recognized that they are political entities, not ethnic entities. Holbrooke was a realist—[he] balanced the power. State’s... ...O began bombing Yugoslavia to“degrade” the Serbs’ capacity to continue their ethnic cleansing campaignagainst the ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. The medi... ...port that the air strikes exacerbatedthe refugee situation as “about 164,000 ethnic Albanians have been expelledfrom Kosovo by government forces” and ...

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...to later greatly inspire the racial anti-Semitism of theNazis. Expounding on the anti-Semitic stereotypes already popularized inGermany, Chamberlain c... ...s’ among other offices,Adolf Eichmann, who frequently complained at his inability to resettle ethnicGermans because of the remaining Jewish population... ...or stopped (by removing Jewish workers). The productive labor force, irrespective of its ethnic origin, it necessary for the management of a... ...o agree wouldbe placing the production first, and thereby denying space to the resettlementof ethnic Germans, which was considered priority to the Rei... ...7 Aly, “Political Pre-history”, 69. 89successful implementation of the ethnic cleansing policy, he was stuck withhundreds of th... ...g policy, he was stuck withhundreds of thousands who were neither productive nor removed from ethnicGerman territory. Tensions exemplifying the Jan... ... based officials, prisoner reliance on these shiftytactics seemed to support the thieving Jew stereotype. In turn, the argumentsupporting prisons outs... ..., realistically) should have led to personal interactions and thus encourage deterioration of stereotypes, the perpetual visibility of the gas chamber... ....424 Unfortunately, common citizens further their own unknowing manipulation by repeating the stereotypes and false truths popularized and distributed...

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...in real life. Divisions and sub-divisions, based on religion, race, caste,ethnicity, gender etc are the makers of ‘real’ communities,which are hetero... ...eingsirrespective of their religious affiliation, caste, gender,ethnicity, are guaranteed access to basic and developmentalneeds. From ... ...ession. Female Dalit child hasadded disadvantages as she encounters gender stereotypes aswell as those related to her caste. Seemingly, the internali... ...ol resources and dominate decision-making. The higher caste groups develop stereotyped imagesof Dalits as being fit for doing menial jobs only and tha... ...n the reactions of the people in their socialenvironment and attitudes and stereotypes prevalent in thesociety in relation to them. In this manner, if... ...Without awarenesseven the first step towards empowerment is not possible. Stereotypes maintained in society and communitiescontribute t... ...d the social processes through whichindividuals internalise the labels and stereotypes that are beingapplied to them by others. A Dalit woman, for ins... ...n various systems such aseconomic system, health system, workplace system, ethnic andcultural system, etc for obtaining the material and non-materialr... ...abour unions, support groups) and societal resourcesystem (State, culture, ethnic system). Availability andaccessibility to these support systems, for...

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... toopportunities, funding, and jobs.The Jewish Response:Most modern polities are multi-ethnic and multi-cultural(an anathema to anti-Semites, I know).... ... is undoubtedly a typical 19th century nationalmovement, promoting the interests of an ethnically-homogeneous nation. But it is not and never has been... ...ntrary. Their socialist roots called for closecollaboration and integration of all the ethnicities andnationalities in Israel/Palestine.The Anti-Israe... ...nstthe new emigrants when they learned of their agenda ofoccupation, displacement, and ethnic cleansing. Israelbecame a pivot of destabilization in th... ... narrowed the field ofpermissible conduct. A sovereign can no longer commitgenocide or ethnic cleansing with impunity, for instance.Many acts - such a... ...tion of their actualcontribution to the whole.Such cultures emphasize generalizations, stereotypes,conformity, consensus, belonging, social structures... ...on – and supports it. It is a shorthand version of all the pertinent data, a stereotype in reverse.There is no difference in the application... ...ons to get marriedlargely remain the same. True, there have been rolereversals and new stereotypes have cropped up. Butbiological, physiological and b... ...on'tCry", a teenage girl binds her breasts and acts the male ina caricatural relish of stereotypes of virility. Being a manis merely a state of mind, ...

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...efforts had little visible impact in research or mission operations. The stereotype of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists working with trouble... ... anthropologists, human factors experts—tothe table? For astronauts, the stereotype of the right stuff helps maintain flight status.21 Itdeters snoo... ...naut corps by including women and repre-sentatives of different racial and ethnic groups. Accommodating people with differentcultural backgrounds beca... ...at NASA included anorganizational culture that was built on the white-male stereotypes of the timeand demanded prior training and experience in scienc... ...ented womenand minorities, given no special treatment because of gender or ethnicity, are asadept as their white, male colleagues in the world of spac... ...grams have demonstrated thathumans—men and women of different national and ethnic groups—can live andwork together in Earth-orbiting habitats for mode... ...rew’s composition. Beyond the size of thecrew, the mixture of cultural and ethnic backgrounds, and the blend of professionalexpertise, the most salien... ...ls, and abilities. For example, differencesrelated to national culture and ethnic background are important crew composi-tion considerations. Although ... ...aution against reifying cultural differences lest theygive rise to harmful stereotypes. Even as international missions will benefit from ...

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...ave studied Islam in the Balkans for the first time from a historical, cultural, political,ethnic group, socio-economic angle as a whole and presen... ...alkans gave theMuslim peoples the opportunity to conserve their former languages, customs and ethnicidentities and generated a unique social faith sys... ...slamis Ottoman Islam because it contains the characteristics of the religion, language andthe ethnic characteristics of the region which developed in ... ...). Actually it is possible to separate current Muslimcountries which maintain their language, ethnic, cultural features into 6-7 main groups.There is ... ...Strangely enough the nationalists of Orthodox Christian states established on the principleof ethnicity in the 19th century were the leading deniers o... ...t century, it is today of utmost importance to refute the validity of predom-inantly negative stereotypes about Islam and so called “Islamization”, po... ...f Islam and the Muslims by Christian states of Europa, with systematic creation of negative stereotypes, started even before their first contact and... ...c institutions, the ideological tale of the coerced Islamizationcrystallized in the polarized stereotype which divided the Balkan’s demographicalunive... ...nswer must be sought in the labyrinths ofideological conscience saturated with prejudices and stereotypes. Isn’t it quitestrange that all scholarly, i...

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...ral sub-universes,structured according to different criteria: sex, function, age, religion,education, ethnicity, etc. This multiplication of cultur... ...as therefore rejected because it was used bycertain, equally dangerous groups, plebes (with a certain ethnicityimplied) and by the elite; the utopian ... ...spects of an institution, only those thatare characteristic of all its members. As a simpler and more stereotypedsymbol, the ritual does not reflect r... ...egorizing experience, we associate adefinitive meaning to the events from the surrounding environment.Stereotypes are simplified schemes by which favo... ...le or objects, which immediately triggers certain attitudes orpsychological dispositions. By means of stereotypes, the individualmerges into his group... ...s of a community seemidentical, undifferentiated from each other. We know we are dealingwith a social stereotype when several members of a group empha... ...hies. The official criteria for classification (accordingto the crime committed, former social class, ethnic or regional origin,age, type of imprisonm... ...ernet crime atrecord rates. A second aspect not highlighted by statistics is the one concerningthe ethnic background of the prisoners. It is well-k... ...ovaPenitentiary (located in district 5, whose mayor, the Gypsy origin MarianVanghelie, is of the same ethnicity with many of the prisoners). The samei...

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... Albanian insurgents andmalcontents. In 2001, an armed conflict between the twomajor ethnic communities - Macedonians and Albanians -resulted in the O... ... (its restive minorities). A NATOmembership guarantees peaceful and harmonious inter-ethnic relations and the kind of stability that attractsinvestors... ..., customs -Macedonia is blessed to have a black economy.Q: It is well-known that the ethnic Albanian rebels inMacedonia are financed from abroad, part... ... now,five years later, NATO is increasingly finding itselfcaught in the crossfire of ethnic hostility, as the restlessAlbanians clamor for independenc... ...vars considered as freedom fighters.A typical Balkan policing operation was labeled “EthnicCleansing” by the West (mainly by the Americans) andtreated... ...enturies of peaceful co-existence and good neighbourly relations - Macedonianshave a stereotype of Albanians as backward, steeped incrime and reflexiv... ...lities or refugees, peoplebecome self-righteous and self-justifying. They tend touse stereotypes of "the other" and only consider their ownvictimizati... ...is disturbingly reminiscent. There are storiesof discrimination, self-righteousness, stereotypes,ludicrous characterizations. This is dangerous. I saw... ...ces Big and Small A Dialog about Anti-Semitism The Merits of Stereotypes Herzl's Butlers4. The Poets and the ...