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...Most countries and peoples of Europe and Asia are grouped in the spheres of direct geopolitical influence of Russia, Germany, Serbia, Iraq and China. Repetition of relationship (defined by ethnic and religious proximity) between c...

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...It is natural to consider the following countries as belonging or having once belonged to the zone of direct geopolitical influence of Germany: Austria, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, France, Luxe...

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................ 49 2.2. The Iberian and the Balkan peninsulas ................................................ 51 2.3. Four countries in danger of a... ...ltural assimilation. Andlet’s not forget that the principle of non-violability of state borders serves better theinterests of countries that have alre... ...ate borders serves better theinterests of countries that have already achieved their national unification. And thateven today countries feeling themse... .... The situation of the Azeris is in some sense alike, in some sense differentfrom the one of the Tadjiks of Tadjikistan (a former Soviet republik) ... ...of the Tadjiks of Tadjikistan (a former Soviet republik) and ofAfghanistan. These two groups share the same language, but the former are Sunnitswhile ... ...tians) would preferto be living in one state with Albanian Muslims or with Orthodox Serbians (i.e.Christians again), then the former will certainly be... ...hch ». The letter « e » (in Russian) is transliterated either as« ye » or as « e » (in Bulgarian as « e » only). In the other Slavic languages whichus...

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...There have been some significant changes in this edition. A new Geography section has replaced the former Land and Water sections. Entries in the new section include area (total and land), comparative area, land boundaries, coastline, maritime claims, boundary disputes, climate, terrain, land use, environment, and specia...

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... significant changes in this edition. A newGeography section has replaced the former Land and Water sections.Entries in the new section include area (... ...s are in US dollars unless otherwiseindicated.Political entities: Some of the countries, entities, dependencies, areasof special sovereignty, and gove... ... man of the Revolutionary Council (since USSR and other Eastern bloc countries;demographic consequences of the Soviet November 1986); ... ...Easternintervention in Afghanistan bloc countriesAfghanistan (continued) AlbaniaBudget: current ex... ...s, sisal, fish and fish prod-Coastline: 1,600 km Legal system: formerly based on Portu- ucts, timber, and cottonMaritime claims: ... ...erning coalition includesClimate: tropical marine; little seasonal the AVP, former PPA and PDA dissidents,temperature variation and the ... ...V stations; 3 submarine Sec regional map V Sea Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indo-cables ... ...rman, 0.3%permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Slavic and otherTelecommunications: adequate network ... ...over 18 voted for kWh per capita (1986)more than 1 million speakers); 75% Slavic Communist-sponsored single slate Exports: $86,956 bi...

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... being “USA Russia & China in the Middle East: Alliances & Conflicts”. Over 80 maps are used to explain the energy war between Russia and Turkey, two countries that have been fighting for regional dominance for many centuries. Today, the main geographical locations of their conflicts are the regions of Central Asia and East Mediterranean Sea. Both Central Asia and the E...

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...o be able to bargain for better prices with the rich inoil and natural gas countries, which will depend on Turkey for their sales.By doing that Turkey... ..., Turkmenistan,Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Azerbaijan, which are all very rich countries inoil and natural gas. This would mean lower prices and lower mar... ...educe Turkey‟s ability to bargainvis a vis the rich in oil and natural gas countries, and it would also reduceTurkey‟s geopolitical significance, beca... ...rants live in Israel today, forminga powerful political lobby. Unlike many former Russian leaders, Putin has notexhibited any signs of anti-Semitism d... ... 49Shortly after the Euromaidan Revolution and former Ukrainian President ViktorYanukovych‘s ousting from power, Moscow or... ...at the Russian intervention in Ukraine, which is the largest diamond ofthe former Soviet Union, sent the other former Soviet members a clearmessage ab... ...rthodox church toboost patriotism, and strengthen Russian influence in the Slavic world.Restoring national pride is central. Their historical narrativ...

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...* A young boy spends a magical weekend with his sister, a former collegiate track star crippled in a freak accident. During the visit he learns a poignant lesson about the resilience of monarch butterflies and the human heart * Mrs. Chowdhary named her youngest daughter after Saint...

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...s as godless." "Yes," Dr. Wong replied, "that's absolutely true, but in the Scandinavian countries, thosenumbers are inverted." His tone was more i... ...pwards ofsixty-five per cent of the populace don't believe in God at all, and in the Nordic countries such asSweden the figure climbs to eighty-five, ... ...ng out until we set things right." Set things right… Did that mean sending away for more Slavic girls on work visas orwould she try her luck with t... ...n turnedoff the engine and sat pensively for the longest time. "There are still third world countries whereparents find suitable matches for their chi... ...e wry look on his face, her neighborhad picked up on the not-so-veiled allusion to Maddie's former spouse but opted to let it pass. "I just finishe... ... tea drizzled with honey and a slice of lemon. With this ring, I thee wed. Of course the former Kimberly Osborne would have to shiftthe cup to the ... ...lly bothers me. It’s the sordidness,... the way my mother’s gone whacko, a caricature ofher former self, and now my dad hooked up with some gay divorc...

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.... Below is a list of questions answered throughout: * Which nations have the best living standards? What are they doing right? * Why do rich countries still have so many poor people in them? * What caused the decline of the middle class in some nations like the US and UK, but not in others like Switzerland and the Nordic countries? * Has capitalism failed? O...

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...easuring Standard of Living Chapter 5: Nordic Model Chapter 6: Swiss Democracy Chapter 7: What Is Capitalism? Chapter 8: Liberalization in Modern Countries Chapter 9: Free Markets or Fossil Fuels? Chapter 10: Markets Could Be Freer Chapter 11: Market Freedom Index Chapter 12: Market Freedom and Standard of Living Chapter 13: Capitalism or Democracy? Chapter 14: ...

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.......................................................... 42 Comparing GDP between Countries ................................................ 44 The... ............................................... 97Chapter 8: Liberalization in Modern Countries..................................... 104 Russia ........... ...stainable Development .................................................. 323 Rich Countries Have Healthier Environments ................................ ...eating twice as much potteryand that other person producing something else. In the former situation,that other individual is making up for your defici... ...ent to help theircompanies. Or they could pay the tax. Rich people often chose the former.They knew that if they held onto their money or risked it on... ...lementing numerous regulations? Or significantlyreducing the cost of business? The former is likely to increase the rate offood poisoning, poverty, an... ...ent Greece, ancient Rome, the Celtic civi-lization, the Carthaginians, the ancient Slavic peoples, the Türkmen tribesin Anatolia and the Balkans, anci...

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...elp nations rebuild and recover from the ravages of war. That meantlending countries money to rebuild their national infrastructure—bridges, dams, roa... ...course, our focus has greatly expanded since then. We now assistdeveloping countries with critical development projects of virtually allshades and str... ...d membership or whatwe call the donor nations. The wealthy, industrialized countries ofthe world chip in each year with big bucks to replenish our coff... ...proudly asserted. It wasa clumsy and feeble reference to my career with my former employer—the Diplomatic Security Service. I always enjoyed stating... ...I received a government pension and continued withhealth insurance from my former employer, these other bennieswould fill in any gaps if I got into ser... ...nwas a little rusty so to speak. The language was Romance based, unlikethe Slavic languages spoken in the countries bordering Romania. Itwas Latin in ... ...e was born and had grown up. He wouldbe among his many close relatives and former neighbors again. Iggielooked forward to returning home. I was less e...

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...ns by providing modern science and knowledge will be very uncertain and unreliable. Therefore, any state that strives to have equal status with other countries attempts to ensure a decent education for its citizens. Education is a system that includes all members of society of a certain age. Therefore, at first glance education system appears to be all known. However, lik...

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...reliable. Therefore, any state that strives to have equal statuswith other countries attempts to ensure a decent education for its citizens.Education ... ...nancial institutions.Kyrgyzstan has diplomatic relations with more than 91 countries, including theUnited States, Russia, China, Germany, England, Jap... ... as a lesson in 1947 and wasabolished again in 1955. Unfortunately, in the former Soviet republics, this subjecthas not yet been restored, except for ... ...s been thecase since Soviet times and still has been practicing in all CIS countries. Inlyceums, premium is 20 %.In the 2017-2018 academic year there ... ...her Training (hereinafter NTTI).The institute was established based on the former institute in 2018 and has thefollowing objectives: Enhancing teach... ... 51Russian (Slavic) University, the Kyrgyz-Turkish ―Manas‖ University, theInternational...

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... ve Balkanlar Money, Power and the Bible: America, the Ottoman Empire and the Balkans Emrah Şahin 101 Islam as a Factor of Political Identities in Former Yugoslavia Eski Yugoslavya’da Siyasi Kimlik Unsuru Olarak İslam Miroljub Jevtic 119 Islam and Religious Liberties in Western Thrace, Greece Batı Trakya’da İslam ve Dini Özgürlükler Ali Huseyinoglu 141 Batı Trakya...

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..............................101Islam as a Factor of Political Identities in Former YugoslaviaEski Yugoslavya’da Siyasi Kimlik Unsuru Olarak İslamMirolj... ... ‘the ugliness of modernism,’ were rapidly built instead. Losing their former appearance, the towns of the Balkans lost their spirit; losing th... ...nt and the Cross; later the daily market was held. This piece of groundwas formerly the largest Muslim cemetery. In 1868, several metres of soil werer... ...ety. Just as there was this trend at thistime in Egypt, India, the Maghreb countries and so on, so too in Bosnia, Muslimintellectuals considered that ... ...r its downfall, this changed.Now the ulema from BH is educated in the Arab countries, at Al Azhar, Medinaetc. Turkish bridge to Islam is no longer nee... ...ample of Turkey andJapan were quite similar in the beginning… After, these countries imposed wellknown reforms. In order to continue to live his life,... ... Balkan Muslims as ‘Turks’ irrespective of their ethnic(Turkish, Albanian, Slavic or other) origin.8 Anyhow, the advent of the national-ist ideology w... ...arming, the Greek agenda in the Balkans appeared tobe overshadowed by the ‘Slavic’ (i.e. Bulgarian) agenda. The potential creation ofa Greater Bulgari... ...In the first part, I will explain the creationof the idea of unified South Slavic countries, that is to say, “Jugo-Slav” in Serbo-Croatian language. T...

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... papers have appeared in over forty periodic journals and scholarly collections,published in eight countries, on the European, Asian, and North Americ... ...ork has been produced over a span of seven years, with research conducted on three continents, ten countriesand almost two dozen cities. I offer my si... ...of Oxford University; School of Oriental and African Studies of London University;British Library; Slavic Reading Room of University of Illinois, Cham... ...rature which were applied to Alpamysh have already been employed with respect to variousdeveloping countries as well, not the least of which are those... ...pe and Turkistan were divided into two large districts, the steppe kraiand the Turkistan krai. The former lay south of Siberia and the latter, south a... ... the 1917 Revolutionwere called simply "Kirghiz." This renaming coincided with the division of the former Turkistan krai and theprotectorates of Bukha... ...rary form, peoples' humor and aphorisms, examples ofspeech of the masses."47Mirzaev criticized the former critics:"Some individuals during the 1950s r... ...(Cambridge (MA), 1957);and I. T. Kreindler, "A Neglected Source of Lenin's Nationality Policy," in Slavic Review (March 1977). On theBaku Congress, se... ... in the SovietUnion(Chicago, 1980); Stephen White, "The Baku Congress of the Toilers of the East," Slavic Review, September,1967.53. Novyi Vostok, N. ...

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...o Poly-Emporium Theory in Economics, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache, in Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008............88 11. Global Totalitarianism and the Crisis of Neo-Lib Movement, by Florentin Smarandache; a sorter version in Author’s book Global Totalitarianism and the Workin...

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... Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008……………………..8811. Global ... ...d extracted from Natural Plantation, in particular for tropical countries like Indonesia. 1.3. Expected Output 1.3.1. Res... ...is will result in new/improved design for better NA_EFS for tropical countries. 4. TIME SCHEDULE Phase Feb08 Mar08 Ap... ...ple Czechoslovakia, then Yugoslavia and afterwards Serbia [because they are Slavic countries], and who would be dismembered next? Attempts were made... ... a distinction between “relative true event” and “absolute true event” the former being true in only some probability sub-spaces while the latter ... ...uate the faculty and also as we did a few years ago when we evaluated the former UNM-G Director Dr. R. Carlson. Since this is actually a respons... ...r the diamond. This was the proceeding of Prof. Dr. Math. Valeriu Alaci, the former head of the Mathematics Department of Mechanics College from Timi ...

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...o Poly-Emporium Theory in Economics, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache, in Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008............88 11. Global Totalitarianism and the Crisis of Neo-Lib Movement, by Florentin Smarandache; a sorter version in Author’s book Global Totalitarianism and the Workin...

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... Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008……………………..8811. Global ... ...d extracted from Natural Plantation, in particular for tropical countries like Indonesia. 1.3. Expected Output 1.3.1. Res... ...is will result in new/improved design for better NA_EFS for tropical countries. 4. TIME SCHEDULE Phase Feb08 Mar08 Ap... ...ple Czechoslovakia, then Yugoslavia and afterwards Serbia [because they are Slavic countries], and who would be dismembered next? Attempts were made... ... a distinction between “relative true event” and “absolute true event” the former being true in only some probability sub-spaces while the latter ... ...uate the faculty and also as we did a few years ago when we evaluated the former UNM-G Director Dr. R. Carlson. Since this is actually a respons... ...r the diamond. This was the proceeding of Prof. Dr. Math. Valeriu Alaci, the former head of the Mathematics Department of Mechanics College from Timi ...

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........................................................................ 40 From the Slavic History....................................................... ...f-perfection, lecturing and conducting practical lessons in Russia andseveral other countries. Then he was killed by members of an obscure sect who p... ... — tothe refinement of it? There are both external and internal factors. Among the former is theintroduction of certain kinds of energy into the orga... .... Some of Them attained Divinity inAtlantis, ancient Egypt, China, India, and other countries, Their nameshaving been forgotten. Names of Others have ... ... may bethe origin of “gods” of ancient Egypt, Rome, Greece, India, Russia, andother countries. This point of view was expressed by Paul Brunton [20] i... ... slander, betrayals, and even murderingof my body performed by a gang created by my former student who hadrefused to follow the fundamental principles... ...re not quite right. InRussia it was the same… But let us start from looking at the Slavic history. From the Slavic History In legends of many Europ... ... means worshipping phenomena of Life, notelements”. People who made up Slavic tribes also were not of the same soul age,of course. The mo... ...hers,where victims of Orthodoxy were tortured before, now were turned intojails for former priests [28]. The people did not support the dominating ch...

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...By 1960, the oncepopulous gray wolf was essentially extinct throughout its former range.The last 300 wolves in the lower 48 states roamed the deep woo... ...d to Baldr's funeral, the giantess Hyrrokinarrived on a wolf. Baltic and Slavic: According to legend, the establishment of the Lithuanian capitalV... ...he grand duke Gediminas dreamt of an iron wolfhowling near the hill. The Slavic languages share a term for "werewolf" derived from aCommon Slavic vl... ... mythology and cults. It has an important part in Serbianmythology. In the Slavic, old Serbian religion and mythology, the wolfwas used as a totem. In... ..., where they haven’t been hunted to extinction, ornear extinction, in some countries. In the USA this culling of wolfs, whoare a symbol of wildness, w...

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... of Ukraine Ukrainian Language The Ukrainian language belongs to the Slavic group and is closest to Belaru- sian and Russian, with which it s... ...stablishing indepen- dent diplomatic and partnership relations with other countries. On August 24, 1991, the Verkhovna Rada adopted the Declaratio... ...ion in sparsely populated territories, and this still exists in different countries, like Russia, Poland, and Belarus. Ukrainian Cossacks formed a... ...rs of today’s Slavic people, including Ukrainians. But their history, no 5... ...ober Revolution and the overthrow of the Provisional Government in the former Russian Empire, the Ukrainian People’s Republic (abbreviated U... ... are traditional pagan symbols. In pre-Christian times, Slavic peoples Pysanka is made using the shell of a raw chicken egg. F... ...from 0.3 to 0.7 mm. In Ukraine, just like in other eastern European countries, the easiest-to- make decorated Easter eggs are most common.... ... name comes from the village of Petrykivka, which is not far from Dnipro (formerly Dnipropetrovsk). In 1936- 1941, village teacher Alexander Staty... ... “Zakhar Berkut,” The Ukrainian city Ivano-Frankivsk (formerly Stanyslaviv) is named in about the 13th century Mongol invasi...

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...d Eastern Europe, andthe expansion of NATO and the enlargement of the EuropeanUnion into these former communist countries, the pace andscope of politi... ... andthe expansion of NATO and the enlargement of the EuropeanUnion into these former communist countries, the pace andscope of political, social, and ... ...has been breath-taking. From the wreckage of the Soviet empire there emerged15 new states, all formerly constituent “republics” of the for-mer USSR. A... ...gthening ofthe Shanghai Cooperation Organization (bringing Russia, China,and the Central Asian countries together into a fledgling, but ... ... Chapter Introduction In 1999, teams of Green Berets arrived at former Soviet garrisons outside the capital here. The... ... in respectinghuman rights put a freeze on most security-cooperation activitiesbetween the two countries, and in July 2005, facing condemna-tion of it... ... Lyle J. Goldstein, “Beyond the Steppe: Projecting Power into the NewCentral Asia,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies 17, no. 2 (April–June 2004),194... ... Golunov, “Border Security in Kazakhstan: Threats, Policies,and Future Challenges,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies 18, no. 1 (Spring2005), 51; and... ...ed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan1992–2002: Threats, Influences, and Reform,” Journal of Slavic Military Stud-ies 16, no. 2 (June 2003), 42–43; ...

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...ts, but also the Muslims ofEastern Europe and the Balkans. There were also Slavic and non-Slavicpopulations in their colonies.Therefore the Russian so... ...of state Muammar Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba.Additional countries — Morocco and Algeria — were later included in the proposal,which... ...o tables from the Energy InformationAdministration, which show the richest countries in natural gas and oilreserves.Picture 2Picture 3As expected, Qad... ...ialism and anti-Americanism. Qaddafi did sell oil to France, and the other countries ofSouthern Europe, but he did not really have any other choice, s... ...-Qaida. It was officially disbanded in 2010.According to Noman Benotman, a former LIFG commander who fought with Osama binLaden, at its peak the group... ...ght up to the moment he fled has caused outrage inTunisia and weakened the former colonial power's diplomatic standingin the region.http://www.theguar...

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...ch Republic. That the blanketof NATO protection now falls over these three countries isamazing considering that a little over 10 years ago, they werem... ...tunately, the once-swift winds of change have slack-ened in bringing these countries up to NATO standards froma political, economic, and military pers... ... controlled the political, economic, and military sys-tems have left these countries unprepared to contribute sig-nificantly to NATO. Poland, a proud ... ...ations.25 The WLOP’s inventory ofSoviet-combat aircraft testifies to its former Warsaw Pactmembership. The most advanced fighter is the MiG-29Fulcru... ...l-Military Relationship Given the politicization of the military under the formerCommunist regime, the democratic Polish government feltcompelled to r... ...lowingus to stop dreaming and start real life.”78 This plan standsout from former defense plans thanks to an unprecedentedassociated law to guarantee ... ...cturing of the Polish ArmedForces in a Defensive Strategy,” The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 8,no. 4 (December 1995): 757. 10. Wiatr, Soldier an...

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...ival and having been threatened a number of times especially by pan- Slavic and pan-Orthodox tendencies which imagine a pre-Ottoman Balkan. T... ...ng to some futuristic data based ofthe actual demographic tendencies, five countries are expected to have a Muslimmajority in the future (Montenegro a... ...ks, Torbeshs and Romani’s.They speak various languages: Albanian, Turkish, Slavic (Bosnian, Macedonian,Serbian and Croatian), Romani etc. They adhere ... ...afi groups throughout the Balkan. The number ofMuslims in certain European countries also determines the level of Islamic revival(Alibašić, 2012).Tabl... ...her Islamic-Ottoman infrastructureobjects, were destroyed. The Christian-Slavic military policy has used the most inhumane methodsduring its campaig... ...ia at the doors of European Union” is an article by a Serbianintellectual, former ambassador of Serbia to Turkey, Darko Tanasković, in whichhe alarms ... ...ing to the fashion, poverty as incentive for migration of youth toEuropean countries, “marriages for documents” which visibly decrease the num-ber of ... ...lkans Turkish soap operas are perceived in a negative andpositive way. The former means that people understand the influen-ce of Turkish soap operas i... ...mpire and Islam in the BalkansThe success of TSO in the territories of the former Ottoman empire is usually in-terpreted as a manifestation of Turkey’...

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...wing the rule in 2.1 above, thespellings of bodies native to the USA and other countries that use the –ize spelling maybe retained.The -yse form for s... ...the Arab states (since ill- defined), but the Gulf States (defined group of countries), the State (in political theory and legal texts)Permanent... ...g sections and in the Country Compendium.Orthography. Recommended spellings of countries (full names and short forms), countryadjectives, capital citi... ...TFEU).This is the new name — introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon — for what was formerlyknown as the EC Treaty (Treaty establishing the European Commun... ...(See also 16.11 below). Decisions comprise acts adopted under Article 288TFEU (formerly 249 EC). Except for joint decisions (see 16.11 below), they be... ...s’ rural development programmes. Although these two funds have nowreplaced the former European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), yoush... ...arusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Ukrainian and Serbian)For each of the Slavic languages written in Cyrillic there are a number of differentrom... ...ferentromanisation systems used for different purposes: in academic writing on Slaviclinguistics; for library and museum cataloguing; for rendering Sl...

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...n some Westernlanguages, as well as Russian, with the latter referring to the Ottoman or Turkishrepublican domains and the former, to other Turks.11Wi... ...Moghul dynasty).47 TheOttomans, whom Timur defeated, underwent serious difficulties in reassertingtheir authority in their former territories.48 Thus ... ...t ofpowers and Central Asia's nearest neighbor, was drawn to Central Asia by thelure of reputed riches in cities along the former Silk Road and the pr... ...Abu AlGhazi Bahadur, A History of the Turks, Moguls, and Tatars, Vulgarly calledTartars, Together witha Description of the Countries They Inhabit (Lon... ...ey Vol. 6, No. 4, 1987; R. Baumann, "SubjectNationalities in the Military Service of Imperial Russia: The Case of Bashkirs"Slavic Review (Fall/Winter ... ...r.), N. Elias, (Ed.) (London, 1898).21. "Moscow, the Golden Horde, and the Kazan Khanate from aPolycultural Point of View" Slavic Review Vol. VI, No. ... ...rs attempted tobeyond these sources or the views they contain. One noteworthyexception is a group of articles published in SLAVIC REVIEW in1967 [2] by... ...s, domestic orforeign, were awash with news of Bolshevik military advances.Concurrently, news of social unrest in the home countries of theoccupying A...