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...FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC ... ...s Rehoboth 1999, 2000, 2003 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC ... ...tion: 9 1. Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy: 13 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics: 87 3. Neutrosophic Set - a unifying fi... ...ived from Neutrosophics: 120 2 Preface to Neutrosophy and Neutrosophic Logic by Charles T. Le 1 Introduction. It was a surprise for me when in ... ...because the treated subject was of philosophy - revealing paradoxes - and logics. He had generalized the fuzzy logic, and introduced two new conce... ... They are useful in artificial intelligence, neural networks, evolutionary programming, neutrosophic dynamic systems, and quantum mechanics. E... ...hilosophy? Devices of producing presuppositions on running belt (computer programming) - futile philosophy. 47 A priori thought à la Kant is... ...hm (a model of machine learning based on genetic operators), evolutionary programming (a stochastic optimization strategy based on linkage between pa... ... by L. J. Fogel in 1960s), evolution strategy, classifier system, genetic programming. Pei Wang devised a Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System as an intel...

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...As someone who works heavily in both math and computers, I can truly appreciate the role that logic plays in our modern world. One cannot understand the foundations of mathematics while lacking knowledge of the basics of logic and how proofs are constructed. Two of the first classes I took as a graduate student in mat...

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...Charles Ashbacher INTRODUCTION TO NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC American Research Press Rehoboth 2002 1 Charles As... ... Rehoboth 2002 1 Charles Ashbacher Introduction to Neutrosophic Logic American Research Press ... ... heavily in both math and computers, I can truly appreciate the role that logic plays in our modern world. One cannot understand the foundations of ... ...d the foundations of mathematics while lacking knowledge of the basics of logic and how proofs are constructed. Two of the first classes I took as a... ... hardly a day goes by where I do not use some topic from those courses. Logic is also a fundamental component of advanced computer classes. I am cu... ...er classes. I am currently teaching advanced courses in assembly language programming and computer organization. Reference is constantly being made ... ... Section 8 Quantification Theory Section 9 Uses of Logic In Computer Programming 7 13 14 15 16 17 19 19 22 Chapter 2 Three-valued lo... ...The Bochvar Three-valued Logic Section 4 Three-valued Logic In Computer Programming Section 5 Three-valued Logic With an Indeterminate ... ... 0) \/ ¬ ((x) x 2 ≤ 1.0) is false Section 9 Uses of Logic In Computer Programming Logic is a fundamental component of computer programming....

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...As an alternative to the existing logics we propose the Neutrosophic Logic to represent a mathematical model of uncertainty, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, undefined, unknown, incompleteness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It is a non-classical...

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...roceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics ... ...OCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS ... ...erica First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Set, Probability and Statistics December 1-3, 2001 Univer... ...phy: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/Neutrosophy.PDF • 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smaran... ...ophicProbStat.PDF PREFACE (An Introduction to Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, and Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics)... ...gorithm (a model of machine learning based on genetic operators), evolutionary programming (a stochastic optimization strategy based on linkage betwe... ...eived by L. J. Fogel in 1960s), evolution strategy, classifier system, genetic programming. Pei Wang devised a Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System as an ... ... on the Neutrosophic Logic and Their Applications in Neural Networks, Computer Programming, and Quantum Physics, Institute of Physics, editors: Kenn...

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.... The former is a self-contained Universe, replete with its "laws of physics" and "logic". It can bear resemblance to the real world or not. It can... ...rect and strong relationship to the world. It must obey the rules of physics and of logic. The absence of such a relationship renders it meaningless... ... unaware of the work of an important, though eccentric, Czech-Austrian mathematical logician, Kurt Gödel (1906-1978). A passing acquaintance with hi... ... time. Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem states that every consistent axiomatic logical system, sufficient to express arithmetic, contains true ... ...mpleteness Theorem is even more earth- shattering. It says that no consistent formal logical system can prove its own consistency. The system may be ... ... – and how much to the robot itself? When a robot decides finally to ignore its own programming – how are we to gain information regarding this mome...

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...s and seductive lures that had a chance of keeping a man with her: genetic programming from hundreds or thousands of female ancestors who had experien... ...me him when he uttered its thoughts. He wasn't totally devoid of societal programming of right and wrong no matter what he claimed to Noppawan. Bein... ...hree smaller ones, one would think that you would care to inquire about it logically." "We aren't renting them. They are the host's and it would ... ...ally no chance of making a deformed baby,' screams the man's ingrained DNA programming that composes each and every cell. 'Won't she, in this quintes... ...virtually no chance of making a deformed baby,' scream's the psychological programming created by the influence of his peers who think that her money ... ...aid the mosquito. "Alone, shut up in one's own hardened shell there is no logic--just passions running amuck." Tragedy and suicidal wishes clogg... ...e to be ignorant to not know that or male. --He chitchatted, my dear, in a logical sequence that was a bit desultory at times. Humans call such an ine... ...ittle self-respect was deleterious. It was fine for the brain to forfeit logical restraint for that relaxation of fleeting pleasure that couldn't be... ... if he had been made into a sexual slave 24 hours a day, totally free from logic? Somehow, he felt that the mosquito would agree on this point. ...

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...i knew she could not go to Hartford; the rebels there were gone. The next logical choice was New Haven. She had been a resident of Connecticut for h... ...ink about. Unfortunately, desperate people don’t nec- essarily do the most logical or reasonable things. Talbot, open the door, I’m going out there. ... ... the administration,” Josh ex- plained as his hands furiously punched in C programming code. “Good. For once, the United States Government’s secrets w... ...again, “What’s a sin tax error?” “Syntax Lexi. It means I didn’t type the programming code correctly,” Josh had his head in his hands. Lexi rolled h... ..., “So, this is why they’re not total zom- bies. There must be some kind of programming, something that allows them to formulate responses but not to ... ...to formulate responses but not to think for them- selves. It’s almost like programming a combat drone or some- thing. That doesn’t answer the question... ...n and made sure to target military installations to destroy the rest. His logic was that he wouldn’t have to worry about keeping track of the equipm... ...to create super soldiers. None of them had survived the beginning stages. Logically, six healthy individuals dying in the process did not land the c... ...osee replied. Vincent knew this would come up. He’d hoped it wouldn’t but logic told him that it would. “If I could bear the sufering of all of your...

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...r other rational considerations. It maintains that everything that stems from logic and contemplation lacks any real basis. That is because our mind... ...lah?” Such people do not make even a single step forward in spirituality. A: Logically speaking, you’re right. But the problem is that a person can... ...S B E YO N D R E A S O N A N D T H O U G H T Q: Is it enough to use reason and logic in order to understand Godliness? A: No reason in the world will... ...ime and a possibility to escape to the Internet and read the texts instead of programming. In a way, it is cheating, although the boss will get his ... ...t aim at “faith above reason” instead of trying to understand with reason and logic, even if it were possible. Within a group are always opportunitie... ...ovides for that person. Physicians and psychologists use the power of psycho- logical protection, but it would be a lie to say that that force has an...

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...In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative sy...

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... OF DISSENT 5 PREFACE In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itsel... ...apability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that... ...orld. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy, and its connected logic, Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that ... ...spectrum of Neutralities. This philosophy forms the basis of Neutrosophic logic. Neutrosophic logic grew as an alternative to the existing logics... ...eteness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It can be defined as a logic in which each proposition is estimated to have the percentage of trut... ...o connection matrix form will become apparent later as it facilitates the programming, or “bookkeeping”, of more complex relationships in larger aug... ...ng the passengers comfort in the madras transport corporation using fuzzy programming, Progress of Mat., Banaras Hindu Univ., 32 (1998) 91-134. 2...

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...n of Anomalous Potential Electric Energy in Distilled Water under Solar Heating, by F. Smarandache & V. Christianto......................74 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CODIFICATION..............83 9. Algebraic Generalization of Venn Diagram, by Florentin Smarandache.........84 ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND POLITICS.................87 10. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory in Eco...

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...n of Anomalous Potential Electric Energy in Distilled Water under Solar Heating, by F. Smarandache & V. Christianto......................74 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CODIFICATION..............83 9. Algebraic Generalization of Venn Diagram, by Florentin Smarandache.........84 ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND POLITICS.................87 10. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory in Eco...

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... : hybrid DSm model with a mixed constraint . . . 69 4.5 DSm rule of combination for hybrid DSm models . . . 70 4.5.1 Notations . . . . . 70 4.5.2 Programming of the u (X ) function . . . 71 4.5.3 The hybrid DSm rule of combination for 2 sources . . . 73 4.5.4 The hybrid DSm rule of combination for k _ 2 sources . . . 74 4.5.5 On the associativity of the hybrid DSm ...

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...By the end of this book, you will be familiar with the programming world, be able to write a Java class and instantiate (create) objects that represent these classes and put them into action. You will be able to write a professional code and to deal with code written by others...

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...va, then read_the_book = yes. 2. If you are not looking for a reference, but for a book that will help you understand the world of Object Oriented Programming beside Java, then read_the_book = yes. 3. If you want to focus on the 20% knowledge that will help you to do 80% of tasks required, then read_the_book = yes. If you are looking for a pile of real world scenar...

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...…………48 • deprecated methods……………………………………...49 • passing Java arguments…………………………………..49 33 4 Java Tools 52 5 Problem solving 66 6 Simple-Level Logic • Type casting…………………………………………………...77 • Local variables………………………………………….…….78 • Simple operations…………………………………………..82 • Arithmetic operators……………………………….……..83 75 7 Moderate-Level Logic • Relation operators……………...

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...IC DEFINITIONS ON NEUTROSOPHIC THEORY 3.1 Neutrosophic sets and neutrosophic logic 222 3.2 Fuzzy neutrosophic sets 230 5 3.3 On neutrosophi... ...ant role in fuzzy relation equations. While the t-norm i may be interpreted as logical conjunction, the corresponding operation w i may be interpr... ... as logical conjunction, the corresponding operation w i may be interpreted as logical implication. The following basic properties 31 of w i ... ...olutions [11, 34]. Since the solution set can be non-convex, traditional linear programming methods, such as the simplex and interior-point algorith... ...roblem l [58]. Problem (9) can be transformed into the following 0-1 integer- programming problem minimize ∑ = ∈ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫ ⎪ ⎩... ... let f(x) be the user’s criterion function, they solve the following non linear programming model with fuzzy relation constrains min f(x) s.t x... ... plausible control and adjoint equation results in simple fuzzy control. Fuzzy logic control is one of the expanding application fields of fuzzy se... ... expanding application fields of fuzzy set theory. Recent applications of fuzzy logic control spread over various areas of automatic control, partic... ... (3) such that x o A = b, 0 ≤ x i ≤1. Compared to the regular linear programming problems [25], this linear optimization problem subject ...

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...IC DEFINITIONS ON NEUTROSOPHIC THEORY 3.1 Neutrosophic sets and neutrosophic logic 222 3.2 Fuzzy neutrosophic sets 230 5 3.3 On neutrosophi... ...ant role in fuzzy relation equations. While the t-norm i may be interpreted as logical conjunction, the corresponding operation w i may be interpr... ... as logical conjunction, the corresponding operation w i may be interpreted as logical implication. The following basic properties 31 of w i ... ...olutions [11, 34]. Since the solution set can be non-convex, traditional linear programming methods, such as the simplex and interior-point algorith... ...roblem l [58]. Problem (9) can be transformed into the following 0-1 integer- programming problem minimize ∑ = ∈ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫ ⎪ ⎩... ... let f(x) be the user’s criterion function, they solve the following non linear programming model with fuzzy relation constrains min f(x) s.t x... ... plausible control and adjoint equation results in simple fuzzy control. Fuzzy logic control is one of the expanding application fields of fuzzy se... ... expanding application fields of fuzzy set theory. Recent applications of fuzzy logic control spread over various areas of automatic control, partic... ... (3) such that x o A = b, 0 ≤ x i ≤1. Compared to the regular linear programming problems [25], this linear optimization problem subject ...

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...could still possibly be explained away as “infinite loss” but there is no logically acceptable way to explain the log of a negative number if f(X) > ... ...ral finance modeling. Our approach is primarily one of building intuitive logic based on behavioral reasoning, supported in most parts by rigorous m... ...c. A neutrosophic model of risk classification is proposed – neutrosophic logic being a new branch of mathematical logic which allows for a three-wa... ...matical logic which allows for a three-way generalization of binary fuzzy logic by considering a third, neutral state in between the high and low st... ..., neutral state in between the high and low states associated with binary logic circuits. A plausible application of the postulated model is... ...selling is not permitted in our model. To minimize programming involvement our haploid genetic algorithm model is designed to... ...n for an individual consumer may be expressed as a constrained non-linear programming problem that may be written in its general form for an n-commo... ...eneral extrinsic utility maximization reduces to the following non-linear programming problem: Maximize...

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...atements cannot be derived with certainty from any negative statement. This formal-logical trait reflects a deep psychological reality with unsettl... ...nd self-aggrandizement, and the reification and embodiment of said subversion. The logical outcome is to call for the overthrow of all political sy... ...eing which, in principle, can never be tackled with the instruments and the formal logic of science. A compromise was proposed long ago: the soul i... ...: a series of potentialities with attached probabilities, the potentials being the logically and physically possible products. What can we learn a... ...the wiring of the brain as pregnancy progresses. The latest evolutionary phase in programming is OOPS (Object Oriented Programming Systems). Objec... ... performed by these objects - but not with their structure and internal processes. Programming objects, in other words, are "black boxes" (an engin... ...ogists "a-priori categories", or "the collective unconscious". Computers and their programming evolve. Relational databases cannot be integrated wi... ...stitute a theory and produce falsifiable predictions. A metaphor is also subject to logical and aesthetic rules and to the rigors of the scientific ... ...brain and provoked by the symbol. This is a little like the Java applets in modern programming: the application is divided to small modules, which ...

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...atements cannot be derived with certainty from any negative statement. This formal-logical trait reflects a deep psychological reality with unsettl... ...nd self-aggrandizement, and the reification and embodiment of said subversion. The logical outcome is to call for the overthrow of all political sy... ...eing which, in principle, can never be tackled with the instruments and the formal logic of science. A compromise was proposed long ago: the soul i... ...: a series of potentialities with attached probabilities, the potentials being the logically and physically possible products. What can we learn a... ...the wiring of the brain as pregnancy progresses. The latest evolutionary phase in programming is OOPS (Object Oriented Programming Systems). Objec... ... performed by these objects - but not with their structure and internal processes. Programming objects, in other words, are "black boxes" (an engin... ...ogists "a-priori categories", or "the collective unconscious". Computers and their programming evolve. Relational databases cannot be integrated wi... ...stitute a theory and produce falsifiable predictions. A metaphor is also subject to logical and aesthetic rules and to the rigors of the scientific ... ...brain and provoked by the symbol. This is a little like the Java applets in modern programming: the application is divided to small modules, which ...

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...osophy 453 Further Reading 456 Index 468 Preface Neutrosophic logic grew as an alternative to the existing topics and it represents a ma... ...tency, redundancy and contradiction. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system tha... ...world. Out of this need arose the system of neutrosophy and its connected logic, neutrosophic logic. This new logic, which allows also the concept o... ...te vector using the dynamical system. Appendix 9 deals with Neutrosophic logic. We have included a list of further reading. We deeply acknowledge... ...n only for the reader to follow the procedure. Thus having given the C programming one can use any number of attributes as per the expert’s need ... ...e every computer is a neural net, because we can view traditional digital logic as constructed from inter connected McCullouch-Pitts neurons. McCull...

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...uld not serve to obscure the issues and derail rational debate. As a result, it is logical to introduce the notion of "positive aberration". Certai... ...ific method. The theory must be all-inclusive (anamnetic), consistent, falsifiable, logically compatible, monovalent, and parsimonious. Psychologica... ...ll" people operate within a (usually coherent) worldview, with consistent internal logic, and rules of right and wrong (ethics). Yet, these rarely ... ...: a series of potentialities with attached probabilities, the potentials being the logically and physically possible products. What can we learn ... ... the wiring of the brain as pregnancy progresses. The latest evolutionary phase in programming is OOPS (Object Oriented Programming Systems). Objec... ...performed by these objects - but not with their structure and internal processes. Programming objects, in other words, are "black boxes" (an engin... ...ogists "a-priori categories", or "the collective unconscious". Computers and their programming evolve. Relational databases cannot be integrated wi... ...stitute a theory and produce falsifiable predictions. A metaphor is also subject to logical and aesthetic rules and to the rigors of the scientific ... ...brain and provoked by the symbol. This is a little like the Java applets in modern programming: the application is divided to small modules, which ...

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...ival - strive to acquire as many users/listeners/viewers as possible. The programming is shallowed to the lowest (and widest) common denominator. Sh... ...mming is shallowed to the lowest (and widest) common denominator. Shallow programming dominates as long as the bloodbath proceeds. From Rags to Ric... ...iple servers ("safety in redundancy"). They contain Web pages, television programming, films, e-books, archives of discussion lists, etc. Such mater... ...ff shore (as is the case in Hong Kong and in Bulgaria). But this defies logic : the market today is global, the costs of production are lower (with... ...onym of "culture". TV, for instance, is berated for its vulgar, low-brow, programming. Hollywood is often chastised for its indulgence in gratuitous... ...nd applications to talk to each other. What matters are accessibility and logical and user-friendly work-flows. Enter Enfish. In its own words, i... ... is a prime example of a collective brain in action. 2. The Intranet - a Logical Extension of the Collective Computer LANs (Local Area Networks) ar... ...nches of Silicon Valley household names such as Credence, HPL, and Virage Logic. More than 4000 professionals are employed in 200 companies. Of 60 s... ...d inaccessible. Moreover, the Internet manipulates strings of symbols, not logical or semantic propositions. In other words, the Net compares values ...