...a mere machine evolved as an offshoot of research in physics, chemistry, and biology. Eventually, physicists produced a perception that hu- mans are... ...n this mechanical worldview. Until the 1930’s, the predominant belief was that biology was different from all other sciences. It was believed that al... ...living entity that was not mere matter. However, the evolution of contemporary biology could take place only after it was decided to discard the idea... ...etic engineering, T H E C R E D I B I L I T Y O F Q UA N T U M T H E O RY 81 molecular biology, and pharmacology progressed through the life- less m... ...eering, T H E C R E D I B I L I T Y O F Q UA N T U M T H E O RY 81 molecular biology, and pharmacology progressed through the life- less mechanistic... ...e connection between physics and other sciences: All the sciences—chemistry, biology, zoology, anthropology, sociology, and every other sci- ence—de... ...ysics. The problem is that physics has already abandoned these mod- els. Even molecular biology, which studies the most minuscule objects, has yet t... ... outer layer of matter; others re- search deep into its structure, down to the molecular level and to the relationships between atoms and subatomic p...