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Progress in Physics : The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Including Related Themes from Mathematics, Volume 2

By: Florentin Smarandache

...ircle and therefore does not have the same meaning as the equation for the ordinary circle in the Euclid- ean plane. The orthodox assumptions distort ... ...f which it is not worthy, one of which is the formation of the black hole. Equations (1) and (2a) are not suffciently general and so their forms suppr... ...solution [12], amongst the infnitude of particular solutions that the feld equations admit. (Fiziev [13] has also shown that there exists an infnite n... ...oint-mass. In this way (19) is truely the only solution to Einstein’s feld equations for the simple point-mass. The only assumptions about r that I ma... ...observable properties of the space are derived from the fact that chr.inv.-differential operators ∂ ∂t = 1 √ g 00 ∂ ∂t and ∂ ∂x i = ∂ ∂x i + 1 c 2... ...mpts to solve the gravitational wave problem using the classical theory of differential equations, he sees that the gravitational feld equations (the ... ...inds by Petrov’s classifcation. In accordance with the classical theory of differential eq- uations, those gravitational felds that describe gravitati... ...ged. Bases of elementary divisors of the lambda-matrix for any V n have an ordinary geometric meaning as stationary curvatures. Naturally, the Riemann... ...iemannian curvatureV n in a two- dimensional direction is determined by an ordinary (single- sheet) bivectorV αβ =V α (1) V β (2) , of the form K = R ...

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Today's Take on Einstein's Relativity

By: Homer B. Titon and Florentin Smarandache

...pplying the rules of relativistic mechanics to the problem, determining the equations of motion of the rocket, and allowing the outcome to be resolv... .../ 10 00 . 3 10 cm x . To see if this is true one needs to solve for the equations of motion of the rocket and determine its velocity using the p... ...r τ is the time measured by a clock in the rocket. The units used in these equations are “natural coordinates” in which the velocity of light, c, i... ...tions and will hence have the necessary property. We must also deal not in ordinary vectors, but in tensors, or relativistic 4-vectors. The specif... ...s of a mass's position, due to interactions, can be related to solutions to differential equations which depend on the Dirac operator. Boundary cond... ...l equations which depend on the Dirac operator. Boundary conditions for the differential equations are based on this very geometric setting of space... ...rms, and the flow's relation to metric-state properties. Again solutions to differential equations based on the Dirac operator yield the internal en...

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Progress in Physics : The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Including Related Themes from Mathematics

By: Florentin Smarandache

...travelling waves in the feld of gravitational inertial force. D’Alembert’s equations of the feld show that this speed is equal to the velocity of ligh... ...pplying the d’Alembert operator to a tensor feld, we obtain the d’Alembert equations of the feld. The non- zero elements are the d’Alembert equations ... ... equations containing the feld-inducing sources. The zero elements are the equations without the sources. If there are no sources the feld is free, gi... ...vable properties of the space are derived from the fact that the chr. inv.-differential operators ∂ ∂t = 1 √ g 00 ∂ ∂t and ∂ ∂x i = ∂ ∂x i + + 1 c... ... Schouten J. A. und Struik D. J. Einf¨ uhrung in die neuren Meth- oden der Differentialgeometrie. Zentralblatt f¨ ur Mathematik, 1935, Bd. 11 und Bd. ... ... Each matter atom has electrons, protons, and neutrons, except the atom of ordinary hydrogen which has no neutron. The number of electrons is equal to... ...trons (positrons), anti- protons, and antineutrons, except the antiatom of ordinary hydrogen which has no antineutron. The number of antielectrons is ... ...h lasted for 37 nanoseconds only. There does not exist an unmatter atom of ordinary hydro- gen, neither an unnucleus of ordinary hydrogen since the or... ...lif- ford calculus that allows us to reproduce all the standard results in differential and projective geometry [41]. The re- solution of the ordering...

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Capitalistic Musings

By: Sam Vaknin

...oral Hazard and the Survival Value of Risk VIII. The Business of Risk IX. Global Differential Pricing X. The Disruptive Engine - Innovation XI.... ...nd, hopefully, retreat more gracefully than it was forced to enter. Return Global Differential Pricing By: Dr. Sam Vaknin Also published by Un... ...tries. Not surprisingly, the conclusion was: "... There was broad recognition that differential pricing could play an important role in ensuring ac... ...unters with bureaucracies, for instance). Punishment, trusts the narcissist, is for ordinary people, where no great loss to humanity is involved. ... ...pens doors with photoelectric cells, points nuclear weapons or solves differential equations." This "wave of imagery" converts the law into a cybe... ...s governed by the Schrodinger Equation (SE). This SE is an amalgamation of smaller equations, each with its own space coordinates as variables, eac...

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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

...ulating its centrality (c) whether it is a 26 transmitter, receiver or ordinary variable. The centrality (c) of a variable is also called its tot... ...itive. Other variables which have both non-zero od(v i ) and id(v i ) are ordinary variables (mean). For more refer [10, 34, 35, 36]. The tota... ...heir paper on “A Strategic Planning Simulation Based on FCM Knowledge and Differential Game" use the mechanism of integrating fuzzy cognitive map kn... ...K.C. Lee et al [65] found that competitive advertising model formulated in differential games is most suitable for this type of strategic simulation ... ...ny follows a goal hierarchy formulated by [65]. To solve this kind of differential game problems, an adaptive algorithm to take advantage of the... ... FCM model. We have tried our level best to introduce all definitions and equations so that the reader can develop these concepts to Neutrosophic Co... ... naturally solved, since Time is explicitly expressed in the mathematical equations used to describe the relations between concepts. However, in qual... ...ghts. c. Time-delay weights The questions one might ask are: a. Why equations are based on summation and not other operations such as max? b. ... ...eutrosophic vector spaces one when it is a neutrosophic vector space over ordinary field other being neutrosophic vector space over neutrosophic fie...

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Basic Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures and Their Application to Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Models

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

... neutrosophic vector spaces one when it is a neutrosophic vector space over ordinary field other being neutrosophic vector space over neutrosophic f... ...ed the theory of trees, in order to solve the system of simultaneous linear equations, which give the current in each branch and each circuit of an ... ...he graph of an electric network separately in order to solve the system of equations. T G N FIGURE: 2A 14 Instead he pointed out by a simple ... ...lass of graphs called trees by considering the changes of variables in the differential calculus. Later he was engaged in enumerating the isomers o... ...⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ δ γ β α 0 0 6 . 0 5 . 0 0 1 0 9 . 0 0 0 0 5 . 0 The graph of the ordinary fuzzy homomorphism. 63 Now we leave it for the reader t... ...hic models The study of neutrosophic models like neutrosophic relational equations, neutrosophic cognitive maps, binary neutrosophic relations, c... ... Here Analysis of Strategic Planning Simulation based on NCMs Knowledge and Differential Game is given. FCM has been used in the study of differenti... ...A Strategic Planning Simulation Based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map Knowledge and Differential Game, Simulation, 71 (1998) 316-327. 39. Liu, F., and F. ...

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Cyclopedia of Economics

By: Sam Vaknin

...ght to terminate their miserable lives? The good part of life (and, therefore, the differential and meaningful test) is in the experience itself – ... ...they procreate. None of them was "created" the way it is today. Cultures go through Differential Phases – wherein they re-define and re-invent thems... ... these phases are over – the results are enshrined during the Inertial Phases. The Differential Phases are period of social dislocation and upheava... ...both possess no "Time" property. Particles are Time symmetric in the sense that the equations describing their behaviour and evolution are equally v... ...l. He was one of us. He was what Arendt aptly called the banality of evil. Just an ordinary, mentally disturbed, failure, a member of a mentally di... ...l logic, and, by extension, mathematics and physics deal with proving identities in equations. Two plus two equal four. The left hand of the express... ...the net co-process signals from outer space, meteorological data, and solve complex equations. This is a prime example of a collective brain in acti... ...il. He was one of us. He was what Arendt aptly called the banality of evil. Just an ordinary, mentally disturbed, failure, a member of a mentally di... ...unters with bureaucracies, for instance). Punishment, trusts the narcissist, is for ordinary people, where no great loss to humanity is involved. N...

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Cyclopedia of Philosophy

By: Sam Vaknin

...ght to terminate their miserable lives? The good part of life (and, therefore, the differential and meaningful test) is in the experience itself – ... ...they procreate. None of them was "created" the way it is today. Cultures go through Differential Phases – wherein they re-define and re-invent thems... ... these phases are over – the results are enshrined during the Inertial Phases. The Differential Phases are period of social dislocation and upheava... ...both possess no "Time" property. Particles are Time symmetric in the sense that the equations describing their behaviour and evolution are equally v... ...l. He was one of us. He was what Arendt aptly called the banality of evil. Just an ordinary, mentally disturbed, failure, a member of a mentally di... ...l logic, and, by extension, mathematics and physics deal with proving identities in equations. Two plus two equal four. The left hand of the express... ...the net co-process signals from outer space, meteorological data, and solve complex equations. This is a prime example of a collective brain in acti... ...il. He was one of us. He was what Arendt aptly called the banality of evil. Just an ordinary, mentally disturbed, failure, a member of a mentally di... ...unters with bureaucracies, for instance). Punishment, trusts the narcissist, is for ordinary people, where no great loss to humanity is involved. N...

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A Unifying Field in Logics : Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability

By: Florentin Smarandache

...restarts. 17 Marx's 'spiral' of evolution is replaced by a more complex differential curve with ups- and-downs, with knots - because evolution mean... ...in maximum points: P M(i) for <A>, and Q M(i) for <Non-A> i . Through differential equations we may calculate the minimum and maximum (spiritual)... ...oints: P M(i) for <A>, and Q M(i) for <Non-A> i . Through differential equations we may calculate the minimum and maximum (spiritual) distances b... ...are converging towards, and act as curves with asymptotes. More exactly, differential equations would simulate the soul. Extremes touch each other,... ...g towards, and act as curves with asymptotes. More exactly, differential equations would simulate the soul. Extremes touch each other, said Marx, a... ...phic Behaviorism. Human demeanor functions upon the laws of differential equations with partial derivatives with respect to more or less adverse-to... ...anguage's, and epoch's elements. (C. Noica, <Book of Wisdom>) Hobbies. Ordinary people became the slaves of objects (luxury car, house), of passio...

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Speculations and Physics

By: Sam Vaknin, Ph. D.

... PHYSICS Time Asymmetry Re-Visited Abstract Time does not feature in the equations describing the world of elementary particles and in so... ...ormation density, akin to stenography. Just a few symbols arranged in formulas and equations account for a wealth of experiences and encapsulate nu... ... of the apparatus, as the word 'measurement' makes all too likely, one despairs of ordinary logic ... hence 'quantum logic'. When one remembers the... ...nary logic ... hence 'quantum logic'. When one remembers the role of the apparatus, ordinary logic is just fine. In other contexts, physicists have... ...gic is just fine. In other contexts, physicists have been able to take words from ordinary language and use them as technical terms with no great ... ...t specific matter fields. Thus, many classical black hole solutions satisfy string equations of motion. In an effort to preserve some supersymmetry... ...tes the recursive nature of the functions involved. We can say the SE is a partial differential equation which is solvable (asymptotically) by iter... ...(Psychotherapy) The Metaphors of the Mind - Part III (Dreams) The Use and Abuse of Differential Diagnoses Althusser, Competing Interpellations and ...

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Utility, Rationality and Beyond – from Behavioral Finance to Informational Finance

By: Sukanto Bhattacharya

...ible. However, the extent to which parallels may be drawn between ordinary insurance and portfolio insurance is limited in the sense that an... ... time series y n . The minimization process results in a system of linear equations for the coefficients a n , known as the Yule-Walker equations. C... ...eries y n * . The minimization process also results in a system of linear equations, which are generalizations of the Yule-Walker equations for the l... ... are not evident in the power spectrum or related measures. Although the equations for the autoregressive coefficients a j and b j, k are linear,... ...any derivative securities are traded on the floors of exchanges just like ordinary securities, some derivatives are not exchange-traded at all. Thes... ... spread of coordinates of a utility increment vector. He also applied the differential form of entropy expression in continous form to a utility den...

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Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics

By: Florentin Smarandache

... fuzzy numbers and fuzzy functions convexity, Itinerant seminar on functional equations, approximation and convexity, Cluj-Napoca, 1987, 85-90. ... ...ange multipliers, one has to find optimal solution such that and (51) The first equations express the general solution and the last equations determin... ...ty and admissible with our transformation model. From definition of and previous equations (62) (64), one gets The maximization of is obtained for th... ..., man and cybernetics. [8] Khasminskii, R. Z. (1980), Stochastic stability of differential equations, (Sitjoff & Noordhoff, The Netherlands). [9] ... ...9] Liniger, W. (1978), Optimization of a numerical method for stiff system of ordinary differential equations, IBM Thomas J, Watson Research center,... ...er, W. (1978), Optimization of a numerical method for stiff system of ordinary differential equations, IBM Thomas J, Watson Research center, York To... ... Watson Research center, York Town Heights, New York. [10] Perko, L. (1991), Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, Springer- Verlag, New Yo...

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Begin the Adventure : How to Break the Light Barrier

By: Florentin Smarandache

...Just as a stick removed from water "unbends," so too would the twin's age differential be expected to "unset itself" when 'he returns to Earth. A ... ...he velocity of light. / To see if this is true one needs to solve for the equations of motion. / The fastest the rocket can go, as measured in the fi... ...-58126-7, pp. 139-41. [5] Richtmyer & Kennard 1947, p. 125: The equations just given for the transformation of velocities as measured in di... ...elocities as measured in different frames should not be confused with the ordinary rules for the composition of two velocities measured in the same ...

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Trendsiters Digital Content and Web Technologies

By: Sam Vaknin

...products to a world average of purchasing power - or to use discretionary differential pricing (as pharmaceutical companies were forced to do in Bra... ... 3-D capabilities and makes use of the full screen. Aided by an extensive Equations Library, it does everything except cook: trigonometry, calculus,... ...utions calculator, Step-by-Step Math Textbook Solutions, Triangle Solver, Equations Library, tutorials, and foreign language help. MS Student comes ... ... 3-D capabilities and makes use of the full screen. Aided by an extensive Equations Library, it does everything except cook: trigonometry, calculus,... ...w more generosity in the management of digital rights. They have to adopt differential pricing of their products across the board, to reflect dispar... ...ects of the Usenet groups. But at the heart of the debate this time is no ordinary sadistic venting. The issue is: who owns content generated by the ... ...on opens doors with photoelectric cells, points nuclear weapons or solves differential equations." This "wave of imagery" converts the law into a c...

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Aesthetics

By: Florentin Smaradanche

...rthodox formulae: “linear verses broken by nonlinear pictures, metaphoric equations of the unusual, abstract systems of thinking, one second breathi... ...f some lexical stereotypy, in any context, the funny contradiction of the ordinary course - “no admittance for invited persons”, the corruption of th... ...lated in ...mathematic language), computerized serialities, fractions and equations. Somehow more attenuated are Drawn Poems, with a bit of illust... ...dicule of the habitudes cumulates harmless clichés in The heroic day of an ordinary man - a hallucinating dissolving exhausting amalgam. Little love ... ...om mathematics. I could not protest against totalitarianism with numbers, equations and triangles. An outpouring was need... I was writing poems for... ...zation of the paradox by establishing the characteristic elements and the differential structure. There we will can read about the particularity of t... ... patterns, pretext, intertext, anti-text, non-text, the annexing of daily/ordinary language etc. Professor in Africa (1999) is a late appearance...

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Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability

By: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentin Smarandache

... sacred Hindu pilgrimage town on the banks of the Ganga. The insults and the differential treatment he faced, for not being a Brahmin, made him awa... ...he untouchable caste, like that even though a Brahmin child is also born like ordinary children, after some time, when it dons a sacred thread it at... ...e to the Congress; Kamaraj was then my volunteer in Coimbatore Those who were ordinary people when I was the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Co... ...cy of the newspapers. Only the press elevated Gandhi. I know that he is an ordinary man. For the welfare of the Brahmins, the journalists elevate... ... (2002). 73. Vasantha Kandasamy, W.B., and R. Praseetha, New Fuzzy Relation Equations to Estimate the Peak Hours of the Day for Transport Systems,...

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Memorials and Other Papers

By: Thomas de Quincey

...m afar, but, as regards the immediate present, he will be apt to adopt the ordinary view, namely, that in the Old T estament severity prevails approac... ...lst rigorously true, move amongst characters and scenes so remote from our ordinary experience, and through, a state of society so favorable to an adv... ...ot adventurous, not essentially differing from the monotonous character of ordinary Spanish life. Suppose the case, therefore, that Kate’s memoirs had... ...ed by Christ, generally speaking, it is too dimly apprehended in its great differential features to allow of its miraculous character being adequately... ...? What, in the language of logicians, is the common 159 Thomas de Quincey differential principle which determines these various aspects of moral obli... ...hich have been devised, from time to time, for the resolution of algebraic equations. Here, then, in a hasty shape, I have offered two specimens of th...

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The Analysis of Mind

By: Bertrand Russell

...rd which has a different meaning in philosophy from that which it bears in ordinary life. Those who argue that matter is the reality and mind a mere p... ...ds, among men 8 Bertrand Russell of science. Idealists, materialists, and ordinary mortals have been in agreement on one point: that they knew suffic... ...rms of insanity*; but it has been found that there is much in the lives of ordinary men and women which bears a humiliating resemblance to the delu- s... ...deter- mined. Physicists distinguish between macroscopic and mi- croscopic equations: the former determine the visible move- ments of bodies of ordina... ... that are supposed to be the same for all sorts of matter. The macroscopic equations result from a process of averaging out, and may be different in d... ...b them. In order to obtain invariable physical laws, we have to proceed to differential equations, showing the direc- tion of change at each moment, n... ...der to obtain invariable physical laws, we have to proceed to differential equations, showing the direc- tion of change at each moment, not the integr... ...ind not where the particle will be at some future moment. Laws embodied in differential equations may possibly be exact, but cannot be known to be so.... ...ly known, the connection be- tween different aspects would be expressed in differential equa- tions. This gives us, so far, only those particulars whi...

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Mankind in the Making

By: H. G. Wells

...ven in rest and recreation life still manifests its quality; the books the ordinary man reads turn enormously on love-making, his theatre has scarcely... ...e vertebral bodies of the backbone; the former may have a rather less than ordinary backbone, the latter a stunted type of limb, and an intermarriage ... ...th-rates towards excep- tionally healthy districts could be contrived by a differential rating of sound families with children in such districts, the ... ...ndustrial occupation. Such deliberate redistribution of population as this differential 67 H G Wells treatment of districts involves, is, however, qu... ...abode over which the able-bodied, capable, skilful, civilized women of the ordinary sort will preside in the future, the child will naturally follow i... ...on are not yet invented, little boys of nine may be got to apply quadratic equations to problems, plot endless problems upon squared paper, and master... ...r trend, pointing out the less technical ones and those written obscurely. Differential type might stamp the more or less important works. These Guide...

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Letters on England

By: Voltaire, 1694-1778

... did after him. The former first taught the method of expressing curves by equations. This geometry which, thanks to him for it, is now grown common, ... ...everywhere infinity to algebraical calculations, that the name is given of differential calculations or of fluxions and integral calculation. It is th... ... younger than chronologers declare it to be. He grounds his opinion on the ordinary course of Nature, and on the observations which astronomers have m...

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War and Peace

By: Leo Tolstoy, Graf

...he, “how do you explain the fact of a great man executing a duc—or even an ordinary man who—is innocent and untried?” “I should like,” said the vicomt... ...d with brilliant light. It was evident that the more lifeless he seemed at ordinary times, the more impassioned he be- came in these moments of almost... ...lphonse Karlovich,” said Shinshin, laughing ironically and mixing the most ordinary Russian expressions with the choicest French phrases—which was a p... ...elected. Only by taking infinitesimally small units for observa- tion (the differential of history, that is, the individual ten- dencies of men) and a... ...to fight and to face danger. Only then, expressing known historic facts by equations and comparing the relative significance of this factor, can we ho... ...sly selected historic units (battles, campaigns, periods of war) into such equations, a series of numbers could be obtained in which certain laws shou...

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