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...that successfully fought against the main threat for the existence of Romanian provinces (Walachia, Transylvania, Moldavia) during the centuries: the Ottoman Empire. Since the end of XIII century until the beginning of XX century (1922), the Ottoman Empire represented great administrative and military force in the world, developing its domination from Middle Orient, Elbrus...

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...or the existence of Romanian provinces(Walachia, Transylvania, Moldavia) during the centuries: the Ottoman Empire. Since theend of XIII century until ... ...es: the Ottoman Empire. Since theend of XIII century until the beginning of XX century (1922), the Ottoman Empirerepresented a great administrative an... ...n Africa until the Southeastern Europe,in Balkans. As it had a numerous and well-trained army, the Ottoman Empire was guidedduring its entire existenc... ...he policy of continuous expansion, often threatening Europeby the invasion. In the XV century, the Ottoman Empire developed such a strong militaryforc... ...e heart of the Old Continent is now opened. In fact, this was the most greatlydesired dream of the Ottoman Sultans ever: to conquer the entire Europe ... ... the Romanian society of the XVIII and XIX century, being one of the mostrespectful and appreciate dynasty among the Romanian noble families. In 1890,...

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...The Post-Ottoman Balkans as a Foreign Country Yabancı Ülke Olarak Osmanlı Sonrası Balkanlar Božidar Jezernik 9 Bosnian Muslims and Their Educational Dillemas in the Austro-Hungarian Period (1878-1918) Bosnalı Müslümanlar ve Avust...

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...vo - Skopje - Tirana - Zagreb İçindekiler / ContensThe Post-Ottoman Balkans as a Foreign CountryYabancı Ülke Olarak Osmanlı Sonrası Bal... ...cil: Amerika, Osmanlı ve BalkanlarMoney, Power and the Bible: America, the Ottoman Empire and the BalkansEmrah Şahin .................................... ...olitical Conjuncture: Dynamics of Narratives about Islamisationin the Post-Ottoman BalkansEvgeniya Ivanova .............................................. ...smanlı’dan Sonra Bosna’da Müslüman OlmakBeing a Muslim in Bosnia after the OttomansMehmet Can ........................................................... .............................................................545 The Post-Ottoman Balkans as a Foreign Country Božidar JEZERN... ...ats, Slovenes and Montenegrins in a monarchy which is controlledby Serbian dynasty Karageorgevitch. 9 One can understand the first Yugoslavia as a Y...

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... Yüzyılda Bosna’da Müslüman Doğu ile Kültürel İletişim: Kısa Bir İnceleme Fikret Karčić 195 Osmanlı Döneminde Tarihî Romanya’da İslam Islam in the Ottoman Era in Historical Romania Mihai Maxim 213 Applied Environmental Ethics in Ottoman Legal System in the Multi-Religious Balkans: The Case of Bitola (Macedonia) with Reference to the Sijillāt al-Shar῾iyyah Çok Dinli ...

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.....................195Osmanlı Döneminde Tarihî Romanya’da İslamIslam in the Ottoman Era in Historical RomaniaMihai Maxim ................................. ...........................................213Applied Environmental Ethics in Ottoman Legal System in the Multi-ReligiousBalkans: The Case of Bitola (Mac... .................................................403Some of the Reflection on Ottoman Calligraphic Heritage and Calligraphersfrom Southeast Balkan / Güne... ...c Language in Educational İnstitutions at AlbaniansDuring the Reign of the Ottoman Empireİsa Memishi .................................................... ... is believed that the Islamic trail, here, was even before install-ing the Ottoman sultanate. We can not deny the contribution ofkindhearted individua... ...kish Relations... Nearly entire history of Montenegro from the Crnojević dynasty to PrinceNikola is portrayed as an incessant struggle for freedom a... ...central part of the medieval Serbian state, whose rul-ers from the Nemanja dynasty had their capitols in Ras, rainy, Jelec, Dugopolju(Duga Poljana). A...

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...den Günümüze İrfan Ocakları: Tekkeler ve Tarikatlar The Constructive and Global Paradigm of Islam in the Balkans and the Wisdom Societies from the Ottoman Era to Date: Lodges and Religious Orders Metin İzeti 187 Osmanlı Türkleri Vasıtasıyla Arap Yarımadasından Balkanlara Taşınan Kültürel Miras Ottoman Turks as a Bridge from Arabian Penisula Carried the Cultural Her...

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...The Constructive and Global Paradigm of Islam in the Balkans and the WisdomSocieties from the Ottoman Era to Date: Lodges and Religious OrdersMetin İz... .....................239Aspects of the Spread of Islam in the Balkans: Particular Conditions and OttomanStructures (1354 - 1800)İslam’ın Balkanlarda Yayı... ...asi ve İdari Anlayışı - YapısıThe Political and Administrative Understanding-Structure of the OttomanState in the Islamization of the BalkansRaif Vırm... ... ‘mountain range’ or ‘mountainous’. The Turkish presence started in the Balkans before the Ottomans; the Turks started to migrate to the Balkan ... ... established powerful states on these settlement areas (Northeast Bal- kans) before the Ottomans. Special attention among these states should... ...ian fiefdoms in the area. In other words the local aristocracy also recognized the Ottoman dynasty as did the people and chose to serve them. ... ...sion and the conversioncaused a civil war. Only when Ghazan became the ruler of the Ilkhanate dynastyand publicly announced his Muslim faith, Islam be... ...for the European future of the Ottoman empire his family was unquestionablyloyal to the Osman dynasty. Pasha Yigit-beg and his successors have partici... ...urkish tribes, as Osman did, they could even bring itno question the legitimacyof the Ottoman dynasty itself. Even more, considering the fact that the...

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... Yeni Balkanlar: Son Yüzyıldan Alınan Dersler ve Üçüncü Bin Yıllık Dönemin Bakış Açısı Ali Payaziti 27 Representations of contemporary Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, Islam, and gender through the phenomenon of modern pop culture the case of Turkish soap operas in the Western Balkans Çağdaş Pop Kültürü Aracılığı ile Çağdaş Türkiye, Osmanlı Devleti, İslam ve Toplumsal Ci...

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................................27Representations of contemporary Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, Islam, andgender through the phenomenon of modern pop cultu... ...xecutive of the NewMiddle East Project; while some others called it as Neo-Ottoman, 11 ... ...pecially by pan- Slavic and pan-Orthodox tendencies which imagine a pre-Ottoman Balkan. Today, at the time of “Balkan farce” (L. Starova), in th... ... the relationship intensified and was institutionalizedwith the arrival of Ottomans in the XIV-XVth centuries. According to Bosnianscholar Smail Balić... ... Balić, the continuous history of Islam in Southeast Europe startswith the Ottomans, marking a tranquil process of massive conversion to Islam, as ... ...miński, op. cit., p. 115.14 They used to call the kings from Jagiellonian dynasty biali chanowie, ‘white khans’, what on one side indicates Turkish... ...r both Bosniaks and Serbs. Thefirst Serbian medieval state of the Namanjić dynasty was created in Sandžak, theChurch of St Peter, the oldest Orthodox ...

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... Nationality and Religion: Three Observation from Omer Seyfettin Central Asian Survey (Oxford) Vol. 3, No. 3, 1985 Koprulu/Veles (Yugoslavia) Ottoman Garrison's Response to the 1909 Recidivist Uprising in Istanbul: From the Memoirs of Omer Seyfettin Turkistan Newsletter Vol. 97-1:18a, 2 July 1997 Happy Meleagris Gallopavo Day Journal of American Studies of Tu...

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...tral Asian Survey (Oxford) Vol. 3, No. 3, 1985 4 Koprulu/Veles (Yugoslavia) Ottoman Garrison's Respo... ...o the politics of nationalities, and exists in some Westernlanguages, as well as Russian, with the latter referring to the Ottoman or Turkishrepublica... ...amluk would seize power from a weak ruler and found his owndynasty. Such is the case of Alptigin, founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty (994-1186) that rul... ... centuries --the languageof the military and, in sizeable number of cases, of imperial rule:35 In the East,the Ghaznavids (dynasty r. 994- 1186) and K... ...Karakhanids (10th-11th c.);36 in theCenter, Seljuks/Oghuz (1018-1237)37 and the Timurids (15th-16th c.)38; in theWest, the Ottomans (13th-20th c.);39 ... ...inggizid conquests.46After the Mongol irruption, the older political entities began a long process offusion. Timur and his dynasty arose after that pe... ... Mongol wife. He and his successors ruled Central Asia and northern India fromthe 14th century until the end of the Moghul dynasty of India in the 18t... ...4 between Shah Ismail (r. 1501-1524), the Turkish founder of the Safaviddynasty of Iran (dynasty r. 1501- 1736)58, and the Ottoman sultan Selim I (r.1... ...eastern Mediterranean, including the tsar's claims forprivileged access to the Holy Land as "protector" of the Orthodox in Ottomandomains (a claim fir...

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... the time of princes Askold and Dir, that is, 20 years earlier. But it is indisputable that Kyivan Rus’ reached its peak under the reign of the Rurik dynasty princes: Vladimir the Great (#40), who introduced Christianity in Rus’; Yaroslav the Wise (#41), who brought economic and political prosperity; and their heirs. This time, which saw the construction of the most famous...

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...l be the small coat of arms. The trident was a family symbol of the Rurik dynasty, the ancestors of the Baptizer of Rus’ (#9), Prince Vladimir (#4... ...rother, that Kyivan Rus’ reached its peak under the reign of the Rurik dynasty leading to murder, war, and intrigue betw... ...d “seagull” vessels on the Black Sea (#58) and attacked the fleets of the Ottoman Empire; fought under the banner of the Polish kings and against ... ... 95 Ukrainian Cleopatra – First Lady of the Ottoman Empire Roksolana Roksolana, or Hurrem Sultan (... ...need for an alliance with a strong state, Khmelnytsky negotiated with the Ottoman Empire, Sweden, Italy, and100 47 ... ...ponymy of the capital. In 882, Kyiv was conquered by Vikings of the Rurik dynasty, and from that moment it became the capital of Kyivan Rus’ (#9),... ...h century. Since then, it has belonged to the Moldavian Principality, the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, Romania, and the USSR; now it has becom... ...ries. It was ruled by Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman and then the Russian empires. At the same time, there is a powe...

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... World War I and/or II; after the Anschluss of 1938 Austria formed a common state with Germany till 1945; - the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg dynasty which reigned over the Austro-Hungarian Empire are another common denominator for some of these countries....

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...8. Between these three periods of statehood there have been two periods offoreign domination – a Byzantine (1018-1187) and an Ottoman one (1396-1878).... ... the South. In the third case it was most natural to create an independentBulgarian state at the outskirts and not inside the Ottoman Empire (we’ll co... ...m the ex-USSR (nowadays Moldova and Ukraine) aredescendants of the ones who have emigrated from the Ottoman Empire in th... ...tions of the Russian army took place on the territoryof nowadays Bulgaria and the local population hoped that liberation from Ottomandomination was im... ...hesbetween the different wings on the basis of the difference in their goals (unificationwith Bulgaria or autonomy within the Ottoman Empire). When Bu... ...Anschluss of 1938 Austria formed a common state with Germany till 1945; - the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg dynasty which reigned... ...cy at the very beginning of 2000, this will make again about 15years. The name « Mikhail » marks the beginning of the dynasty of the Romanov...

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...d forced Jews to eat pork. All this led to the people looking for a champion which they found in the Maccabees. You may have heard of the Hasmonean dynasty, these were the Maccabees. In a tiny town of Modi’in, A priest of this period named Mattathias, when told by Antiochus to offer a pig on the altar of the temple, refused. But another priest, sucking up to the Greeks, ...

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... champion which they found in theMaccabees.You may have heard of the Hasmonean dynasty, these werethe Maccabees. In a tiny town of Modi’in,15 A priest... ...s with civil authority, thevery authority that tried Jesus later. Thus began a dynasty,which saw human beings, trying to establish the kingdomby force... ...ian felt it had the real leadership role within Greek churches. During the Ottoman era, Greek influence was so strong the Turks called it ‘Smyr...

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...art of 19th century balance-of-power struggles,both in the matter of the weakened Ottoman Empire and against theRussian expansion in Central Asia. Dub... ...sts insome Western languages, as well as Russian, with the latter referringto the Ottoman or Turkish republican domains and the former, to otherTurks.... ...d the Balkans where later, underMongol auspices,the Cuman Terterids established a dynasty.Cuman-Qipcaq hegemony extended to much of the Crimea as well... ...s, papaz "priest" is also found in Qaraim,Armeno-Coman, Mamluk Qipcaq, Balqar and Ottoman. This termprobably entered Cuman directly from Greek perhaps... ...ch of the rulers, although the text becomes less detailedwith later rulers of the dynasty. It is nonetheless a prime source onthe history of the Saman... ...onal heroes of the Turks.Thus: Afrasiyab was the Khaqan; the founder of the royal dynasty ofKhans, Tegins, and Terims; and the father of Qaz, Barman, ... ...lp Ar Tonga. The lively epic and historiographic traditionsdeveloped later by the Ottomans in the west and by the Timurids inthe east were entirely ba... ...rsian Qabus-nameh, a mirror forprinces written in 1082, which was translated into Ottoman Turkish noless than five times in the fourteenth and fifteen... ... defending the interests of the "land" against theinterests of the Cingisid Giray dynasty throughout the history of theCrimean xanate. As such, the Um...

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...ous centuries it was their ancestors who were leading the revolts againstthe Ottoman Empire at the Arabian Peninsula. The Sauds considerthemselves to ... ...iance will last. Remember that the Saudswere leading the revolts against the Ottomans many centuries ago.From Erdogan’s point of view, if he manages t... ...Silk Roads that will connect Asia to Europeafter the rise of China.Map 5 The Ottoman Empire Before WW1http://images.mentalfloss.com/sites/default/file... ...ges.mentalfloss.com/sites/default/files/styles/insert_main_wide_image/public/ottoman_empire_territory_lost_copy_copy.jpgP.S.I said that the Saudis, li... ...peration.This is not a “divide and rule” situation as some people think. The Ottomans,the Russians and the Persians (Iranians), are three traditional ... ... established their own empire.Map 6http://www.mapsofindia.com/history/mongol-dynasty-map.jpgFor some reasons the Mongols allowed the Europeans to use ...

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... Petra, “It is like a fairy tale city, all pink andwonderful.” Part of the Ottoman Empire until 1918 and later amandate of the United King... ...90s the ministry changed its tune, backinginstead a project to convert the Ottoman cottages into a touristvillage and chalet-style hotel. A handful of... ... 2020 Zohuir A. Al Balawnaabandoned Ottoman village and its once-grand Romanneighbour stand qu... ...own kingdom with Jerusalem as their capital under the rule ofthe Hasmonean dynasty (140 BCE-37 BCE). The HasmoneanKingdom reached its apex under the r... ... Zohuir A. Al BalawnaSaladin, the Ayyubid Dynasty Sultan, was born c. 1138 inTikrit, Iraq. He became Sultan in 1174 a... ...market because of his looks. Although damagedby an earthquake in 1293, the Ottomans also used the castle,after local fighting in the 1880s forced the ... ...ossing over the wooden bridge over the dry moat, visitorsenter through the Ottoman's Gate. To the left is the Crusader'sGallery, or the stables, at th... ... support for the Umayyad dynasty.Both the construction techniques (the use of rubble with mortar)and... ...tion to the city’s long history. Originally built as apalace for Hashemite dynasty founder Hussein bin Ali, it housesa collection of Bronze-Age artifa...

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...d to do so, the Turks disembowelled him to deathand decapitated the writhing rump.The Ottomans granted independence to Bulgaria in the1878 Treaty of S... ...reign powers in foreign-run and owned schools.Then they set about a typical infandous Ottoman orgy ofshredded entrails, gang raped corpses of young gi... ...habitants. Furtherconfusion awaited. In 1897, following the Crete uprisingagainst the Ottoman rule and in favour of Greek enosis(unification), Turkey ... ...is exposedto these atrocities, the more one is prone to subscribe tothe view that the Ottoman Empire - its halting and halfhearted efforts at reform n... ...was in... Resen (Resana).Let it be clear: this author harbours no sympathy towardsthe Ottoman Empire. The IMRO was fighting for loftyideals (Balkanian... ...ed in June 1903by disgruntled officers in their own palace and that wasthe end of one dynasty (the Obrenovic's) and thebeginning of another (the Karad...

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...t and islamized it. Egyptomorphisms15 The Assyrians had conquered the country between 671-664BC. Between 524-404BC (the 27th dynasty, under king... ...ynasty, under kings Cambyses, Darius I, Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I, Xerxes II, Darius II, Artaxerxes II) and 342-332BC (the 31st dynasty, under king... ...s, and the illustruous Darius III), Egypt was under Persian occupation. Egyptomorphisms16 Egyptomorphisms Egypt was an Ottoman province be... ... 200 wives and over 100 children... What a life! Ramses I was king between 1320-1318BC and formed the 19th dynasty, ... ...es I was king between 1320-1318BC and formed the 19th dynasty, while Ramses III (1198-1168BC) formed the 20th dynasty. ... ...his general, Ptolemy I Soter (in 305BC), govern the territory. The Ptolemaic dynasty ended in 30... ... of the famous Genghis Khan! Egyptomorphisms57 In 1517, Egypt is conquered by Selim I and annexed to the Ottoman ...

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... in the isle esteem changing.1 line: James I was the founder of the Stuart dynasty - King of the stump. Hisson Charles I became king after him. Speaki... ...lution. AfterCromwell's death, his son could not to hold power. The Stuart dynasty wasrestored. The new king issued an Amnesty to all except for the j... ...liance with Scotland.2) In 1660 England became a kingdom again, the Stuart dynasty was restored.3) In 1776 the USA declared independence from Great Br... ... and Ireland became a single state in1801.5) In 1901 the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty began to reign.6) In 1922 the republic of Ireland proclaimed its in... ...st subdue the Northern area."Long before" 1700, from the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire capturedconsiderable territories in Europe. The moon (cresce... ...able territories in Europe. The moon (crescent moon) was on the flag ofthe Ottoman Empire.The 3 line. The Russian-Turkish war lasted for 14 years. Pet... ...ntinople on July 14, 1700, a peace treaty wassigned between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Azov moved to Russia, andalso: Taganrog, Pavlovsk, Mius. Un... ...es, Russia. This is a prophecy about the Mediterranean marchof the Russian-Ottoman fleet of 1798-1800, as part of the troops of the anti-French coalit... ..., the Turkish fleet. Nostradamus calls it Libyan, but Libya waspart of the Ottoman Empire. Despite the fact that the Turkish naval commanderwas higher...

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...exiled from place to place, as prisoners of the Shah(Sháh) and then of the Ottoman Sultan, ultimately reaching the prison city ofAkka ( Akká ) in Pale... ...on to Safavid and Qajar(Qájár) Iran, because these, together with the late Ottoman empire, constitute themost important historical and doctrinal backg... ...rom Bayhaqi to Abdu’l-Baha. Lewis goes on to show that the attempt of the Ottoman sultans to claim thecaliphate (in the sense of religious leadership... ...ing in print in 1788, and being formallyasserted for the first time in the Ottoman constitution of 1876.2 The attempt tocombine authentic religious le... ... who advocatedpan-Islamism and thus universal religious leadership for the Ottoman Sultan wasa prominent Islamic reformer, known as Afghani (Jamál ad-... ...st ideal only partly corresponds to practice. Wecan begin with the Umayyad dynasty, which held the Caliphate and ruled theIslamic lands from 661 to 75... ...s. They did so in part because of Saljuq rivalry with the Fatimid(Fátimid) dynasty in Egypt, who were Shiahs, and because of the political threatposed... ...hat Shicism couldnot so easily be used to legitimate a particular ruler or dynasty – but that too wasachieved, as we will see, by the Safavids. It wa... ...onflict with the state. The movement that was to give rise to the Safavid dynasty in Iran and to thespread of formal, doctrinal Shicism in Iran again...

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...torical influences are directly responsible forthe schism between East and West: the Ottoman Empireand Communism. Both empires acquired Byzantine hues... ...es acquired Byzantine huesin the Balkans and Germanic / Austrian leanings in CEE.The Ottoman Empire influenced Europe both by directlyruling its South... ... a deeper problem grounded in the historyof this region and the repression under the Ottoman and,later, Communist, yokes? Maybe the citizen regards th... ... to do so, the Turks disembowelled him to deathand decapitated the writhing rump.The Ottomans granted independence to Bulgaria in the1878 Treaty of Sa... ...bitants. Further confusion awaited. In1897, following the Crete uprising against the Ottomanrule and in favour of Greek enosis (unification), Turkey(t... ...f the Ecole Normaled’Administration (ENA). They are known as theENArques (=the royal dynasty of ENA graduates).The privatization of state enterprises ... ...ontent undermined its consensus. Gradually, itlost its erstwhile allies. The Ilhanid dynasty in Persiarefused to back it against its tormentors. Byzan...

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.... At the lower end of this reach of the Danube are what themetaphor-loving Ottomans first called the 'Iron Gates,' and they no ... ...tion of the Wallacho-Bulgarian Empire, and expedited the fall of the Greek dynasty.At first the revolt was unsuccessful, and the Wallachs and Bulgaria... ...s dominions, as well as protectionagainst Hungary on the one hand, and the Ottoman power on the other;for the Turks, who during the fourteenth century... ...a, and under his leadership the Christian armies frequentlyencountered the Ottomans, notably on three occasions--at Varna underAmaruth II. (1444) and ... ...h another force were approaching, andthis created such a panic amongst the Ottomans that they gave way 173and fled precipitate... ...n subjects. In 1476 Stephensustained a terrible defeat at the hands of the Ottomans at Valea Alba(the White Valley), but eight years afterwards, allie... ...em for nearly a century and a half in its capital, but changed thereigning dynasty of Hungary and introduced for the first time a Germansovereign to t... ...nates, and | | | |Moldavia |the Tartar| |khanatesnorth of | | | |13th and |Dynasty. | |the Danube. | | | |first half | | | | | ||of 14th | | | | | | |...

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...ury. Since then, Paris witnessed the Germanic conquest. The Frankish King Clovis fromMerovingian dynasty held France in a strong grip for many years u... ...an dynasty held France in a strong grip for many years until they were deposed by theCarolingian dynasty.That was the bygone era. But today’s Paris is... ... is constructed on the hilltopof Assabica and belonged to the rulers of the North African Nasrid dynasty with Mohammad 1stin the middle ages (1238-127... ...is much more grandiose, was the primary residence of the eminent andthe powerful of the Habsburg dynasty. Importantly, Habsburg dynasty produced kings... ...the carriages anymore, but thesummer sun. They had it all. Yet, the great Empress of the Hofburg dynasty, the idiosyncraticMaria Theresa and mother of... .... They ruled this part ofHungary for 150 years, building mosques and baths in Buda. However, the Ottomans neglected the buildings and the artistic her... ..., especially the crown of St. Stephen 1 are displayed here. Artefactsare also displayed from the ottoman era. Others include artefacts such as court o...

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...ordan wasassassinated, the Syrian government began its sorry succession of military coups, andthe royal dynasty in Egypt was ousted by army officers .... ...s. Prior to World War 1, it had for centuries been ruled by theOttoman Empire as the buffer between the Ottomans and the Persian Empire. Thepresent-da... ... Imperial lines of communication to India.2 - Although Iraqis had served in the Ottoman armies, the first Iraqi army was creat... ... Iraqi strongman Saddam Husayn's joyover the treaty was genuine. The collapse of the Pahlavi dynasty must have felt ... ...in a getawaycar. The year 1979 also marked the exit of Iraq's chief rival for Gulf supremacy-thePahlavi dynasty in Iran. The shah's demise left a lead... ...settle withTehran over border issues. Ever since the area of Iraq had been the uneasy borderbetween the Ottoman and Persian Empires, the conflicting b...