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Excerpt: Up from Slavery. An Autobiography by Booker T. Washington.

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...T. WASHINGTON A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication Up from Slavery: An Autobiography by Booker T. Washington is a publication of the P... ...ument or for the file as an electronic trans- mission, in any way. Up from Slavery: An Autobiography by Booker T. Washington, the Pennsylvania State U... ...ersity is an equal opportunity university. 3 Booker T. Washington Up From Slavery: An Autobiography by Booker T. Washington This volume is dedicated ... ...my work while at Tuskegee. Without the painstaking and generous 4 UP FROM SLAVERY assistance of Mr. Max Bennett Thrasher I could not have succeeded i... ...he details of Mr. Washington’s early life, as frankly set down in “Up from Slavery,” do not give quite a whole view of his education. He had the train... ... freed- man in quest of education. But on the plantation and in 6 UP FROM SLAVERY the cabin they had never been sung as these thousand stu- dents san... ...ghtful students of Southern life. Handi- crafts were taught in the days of slavery on most well- managed plantations. But Tuskegee is, nevertheless, a... ... the South, where, in its constructive period, he was necessar- 8 UP FROM SLAVERY ily misunderstood by his own people as well as by the whites, and w... ...hem by tiresome and unbalanced “reformers”) are “Uncle Remus” and “Up from Slavery”; for these are the great literature of the subject. One has all th...

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...n one of reckless persistency in wrong, on ours it would have been a war in alliance with, and, to practical purposes, in defence and propagation of, slavery. We had, indeed, been wronged....

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... alliance with, and, to practical purposes, in defence and propagation of, slavery. We had, indeed, been wronged. We had suffered an indignity, and so... ...ommanding positions of the world, a powerful republic, devoted not only to slavery, but to pro 4 The Contest inAmerica slavery propagandism—should h... ...ly proclaimed, that they thought an attempt would be made to restrain, not slavery itself, but their purpose of spreading slavery wher ever migration... ...n dependent Power by English help, had begun their crusade to carry negro slavery from the Potomac to Cape Horn; who would then have remembered that ... ...d one thing only—that at the critical juncture which was to decide whether slavery should blaze up afresh with increased vigor or be trodden out at th... ...ty) has not been that which becomes a people who are as sincere enemies of slavery as the English really are, and have made as great sacrifices to put... ...ry unfavorable exponents of English feeling on all subjects connected with slavery: some, probably, from the influences, more or less direct, of West ... ...erious meaning to their Christian professions, to consider a fight against slavery as a fight for God. Now, when the mind of England, and it may almos... ...y which they justly thought they had a right to expect from the great anti slavery people, in their really noble enterprise. It is almost superfluous ...

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...II OF THE STATE OF NATURE.....................................5 CHAPTER III OF THE STATE OF WAR......................................12 CHAPTER IV OF SLAVERY.......................................................14 CHAPTER V OF PROPERTY......................................................16 CHAPTER VI OF PATERNAL POWER........................................29 CHAPTER VII...

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...nd he does him no injury by it. For, whenever he finds the hardship of his slavery outweigh the value of his life, it is in his power, by resisting th... ...aw on himself the death he desires. 23. This is the perfect condition of slavery, which is nothing else but the state of war continued between a law... ...ed power on the one side, and obedience on the other, the state of war and slavery ceases as long as the compact endures; for, as has been said, no ma... ...men did sell themselves; but it is plain this was only to drudgery, not to slavery; for it is evi dent the person sold was not under an absolute, arb... ...ith it, their liberties, and lost their estates, and being in the state of slavery, not capable of any property, cannot in that state be considered as... ...ht, too, to the means of preserving it; so that as soon as compact enters, slavery ceases, and he so far quits his absolute power and puts an end to t... ...from being one kind of civil society that it is as inconsistent with it as slavery is with property. Paternal power is only where minority makes the c... ... to take away and destroy the property of the people, or to reduce them to slavery under arbitrary power, they put them selves into a state of war wi... ... tyranny, and would have all men born to what their mean souls fitted them—slavery. 240. Here it is like the common question will be made: Who shall...

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...r my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery; and in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the... ... late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains ... ...so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be pur chased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Al mighty God! I know not what course others may take...

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...EFA A A A ACE CE CE CE CE IN THE MONTH OF AUGUST, 1841, I attended an anti-slavery convention in Nantucket, at which it was my happiness to become acq... ...us parts of our republic, whose minds he has enlightened on the subject of slavery, and who have been melted to tears by his pathos, or roused to virt... ... the beginning to the end of his felicitous remarks. I think I never hated slavery so intensely as at that moment; certainly, my perception of the eno... ...tion. After apologizing for his ignorance, and reminding the audience that slavery was a poor school for the human intellect and heart, he proceeded t... ...ppealed to them, whether they would ever allow him to be carried back into slavery,—law or no law, constitution or no consti- tution. The response was... ... persuaded to consecrate his time and talents to the promotion of the anti-slavery enterprise, a pow- erful impetus would be given to it, and a stunni... ...ed friends, especially by the late General Agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, Mr. John A. Collins, whose judgment in this instance entir... ...ent, under the auspices either of the American or the Massachu- setts Anti-Slavery Society. In labors he has been most abun- dant; and his success in ... ... of the earth could have endured the privations, sufferings and horrors of slavery, without hav- ing become more degraded in the scale of humanity tha...

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...l leaven the whole lump. There are thousands who are in opinion opposed to slavery and to the war, who yet in effect do nothing to put an end to them;... ...sses of men. When the ma jority shall at length vote for the abolition of slavery, it will be because they are indifferent to slavery, or because the... ...be because they are indifferent to slavery, or because there is but little slavery left to be abolished by their vote. They will then be the only sla... ...y will then be the only slaves. Only his vote can hasten the abolition of slavery who as serts his own freedom by his vote. I hear of a convention t... ...d be locked up in the county jail therefor, it would be the aboli tion of slavery in America. For it matters not how 14 On the Duty of Civil Disobed... ...soner of Massachusetts, that State which is so anxious to foist the sin of slavery upon her sister—though at present she can discover only an act of i... ...st men in 15 On the Duty of Civil Disobedience prison, or give up war and slavery, the State will not hesitate which to choose. If a thousand men we... ... Union.” Still thinking of the sanction which the Con stitution gives to slavery, he says, “Because it was part of the original compact—let it stand... ...or instance, it behooves a man to do here in American today with regard to slavery—but ventures, or is driven, to make some such desperate answer to t...

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...spect for the Constitution, and his faith in the permanence of this Union. Slavery he deemed to be wholly opposed to these, and he was its determined ... ...art successful, charge of this man, for some years, against the legions of Slavery, in obedi- ence to an infinitely higher command, is as much more me... ...eading of it, for 10 A Plea for Captain John Brown there is nothing about Slavery or the Church in it; unless it occurs to the reader that some pasto... ...vice; and hence are begotten fear, superstition, bigotry, persecution, and slavery of all kinds. We are mere figureheads upon a hulk, with livers in t... ...ment puts forth its strength on the side of injustice, as ours to maintain slavery and kill the liberators of the slave, it reveals itself a merely br... ...of date as connected with any man’s daily work; as if the agent to abolish slavery could only be somebody appointed by the President, or by some polit... ...a- ment of some future national gallery, when at least the present form of slavery shall be no more here. We shall then be at liberty to weep for Capt...

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...es he possessed, of both sexes, sleeping (as is quite common in a state of slavery) in the same room. She carries in her mind, to this day, a vivid pi... ... be, if one must be a slave. Mr. Dumont had been nursed in the very lap of slavery, and being naturally a man of kind feelings, treated his slaves wit... ...We have said, Isabella was married to Thomas—she was, after the fashion of slavery, one of the slaves performing the ceremony for them; as no true min... ... pride, laying her own children, the ‘flesh of her flesh,’ on the altar of slavery-a sacrifice to the bloody Moloch! But we must remember that beings ... ...r been in the practice of buying and selling slaves; he did not believe in slavery; but, rather than have Isabella taken back by force, he would buy h... ... who was much older than Isabel, and who preferred serving his time out in slavery, to the trouble and dangers of the course she pursued, remained wit... ...uth paratively little that they can do for each other while they remain in slavery; and this little the slave, like persons in every other situation o... ...tinted and limited as it is, at best, it is an immense remove from chattel slavery. This fact is dis- puted, I know; but I have no confidence in the h... ...mingled his tears with theirs. ‘Oh Lord,’ inquired Isabella, ‘what is this slavery, that it can do such dreadful things? what evil can it not do?’ Wel...

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...nd dangerous politically possible for themselves: namely, the condition of slavery. For its alleviation we trust to the natural affection of the parti... ...nally be- come dependent on their children. Thus there are checks on child slavery which do not exist, or are less powerful, in the case of manual and... ...h do not exist, or are less powerful, in the case of manual and industrial slavery. Sensationally bad cases fall into two classes, which are really th... ...s been furiously resisted by the parents, even when the horrors of factory slavery were at their worst; and the extension of such legislation at prese... ... of affection between parents and children does not save children from the slavery that denial of rights involves in adult political relations. It som... ...o that they may be incapable of successful revolt against their industrial slavery. The most important simple fundamental economic truth to impress on... ...alk and you teach it how to kick its mother to death. The great problem of slavery for those whose aim is to maintain it is the problem of reconciling... ...se on Parents and Children servitude: their docility is preserved by their slavery. And so all become the prey of the greedy, the selfish, the dominee... ...have been educated, not into man- hood and freedom, but into blindness and slavery by their parents and schoolmasters, themselves the victims of a sim...

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...ed is, What shall the condi- tions of the dissolution be? SURVIVALS OF SEX SLAVERY If we adopt the common romantic assumption that the ob- ject of mar... ...any population question. His instinctive recoil from its worst aspect as a slavery to pleasure which induces two people to accept slavery to one anoth... ...n honest attempt to make the best of a commercial contract of property and slavery by subjecting it to some religious restraint and elevat- ing it by ... ...e is by no means only a revolt against its sordidness as a survival of sex slavery. It may even plausibly be maintained that this is pre- cisely the p... ...an open trade in it as at present, with money, board and lodging, personal slavery, vows of eternal exclusive personal sentimentalities and the rest o... ...already married effectually enslaved by one another. 38 Shaw THE ECONOMIC SLAVERY OF WOMEN One of the consequences of basing marriage on the consid- ... ...g made necessary by the unlikeness of most men to himself, is that the sex slavery involved has become complicated by eco- nomic slavery; so that whil... ...o- vided the parties are free enough, and that promiscuity is a product of slavery and not of liberty. The solid foundation of their confidence is the... ...ould never desire to separate. But they do. And when they do, it is simple slavery to com- pel them to remain together. 53 Getting Married ECONOMIC S...

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...What you shun enduring yourself, attempt not to impose on oth- ers. You shun slavery beware of enslaving others! If you can endure to do that, one wou... ...ave yourself. For Vice has nothing in common with vir- tue, nor Freedom with slavery. XLII XLII XLII XLII XLII Has a man been raised to tribuneship? E... ... on Tranquility, on Greatness of soul! Lift up thy head, as one escaped from slavery; dare to look up to God, and say: Deal with me henceforth as Th... ...t peace and war, but about Happiness and Mis- ery, Prosperity and Adversity, Slavery and Freedom? Ask you whether a man shall engage in the administra... ...ase), but because he was himself free. He had cast away every handle whereby slavery might lay hold of him to enslave him, nor was it possible for any... ...that is longer but of less account! X X X X X Freedom is the name of virtue: Slavery, of vice. . . . None is a slave whose acts are free. XI XI XI XI ...

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... 7 been compelled to obedience became in this manner legally bound to it. Slavery, from be inn a mere affair of force between the master and the slav... ...n the rightfulness, and the absolute social necessity, ei ther of the one slavery or of the other. By degrees such thinkers did arise; and (the gener... ...ch thinkers did arise; and (the general progress of society assisting) the slavery of the male sex has, in all the countries of Christian Europe at le... ...nsiderations of justice and social expediency—it is the primitive state of slavery lasting on, through successive mitigations and modifications occasi... ...on, The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill 9 any more than domestic slavery among the Greeks jarred with their notion of themselves as a free p... ...d in one half of Anglo Saxon America three or four years ago, not only did slavery exist, but the slave trade, and the breeding of slaves expressly fo... ... that the black race is by nature incapable of freedom, and marked out for slavery? some even going so far as to say that the freedom of manual labour... ...ntrary to her inclinations. While she is held in this worst description of slavery as to her own person, what is her position in regard to the childre... ...ion of the wife to the slave—and the slave un der not the mildest form of slavery: for in some slave codes the slave could, under certain circumstanc...

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...self. THE GRAND DUCHESS. Oh, Strammfest, Strammfest, they have driven your slavery into your very bones. Why did you not spit in my face?. STRAMMFEST ...

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... uncompromising opponent of every attempt on the part of Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Colum bia against the wishes of the slavehold... ...f the majority shall govern, to the settlement of the question of do mestic slavery in the Territories. Congress is neither “to INAUGURAL ADDRESSES O... ...to INAUGURAL ADDRESSES OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES 133 legislate slavery into any Territory or State nor to ex clude it therefrom, but to... ... be admitted as a State it “shall be received into the Union with or without slavery, as their constitution may prescribe at the time of their admissi... ...tion re mains for adjustment, because all agree that under the Constitution slavery in the States is beyond the reach of any human power except that ... ...ve passed away and are now nearly for gotten. But this question of domestic slavery is of far graver importance than any mere political question, bec... ...ave no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right t... ... authority? The Con stitution does not expressly say. May Congress prohibit slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not expressly say. Must... ... Territories? The Constitution does not expressly say. Must Congress protect slavery in the Ter ritories? The Constitution does not expressly say. Fr...

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...luttonous, prejudiced: in short, heirs to the peculiar ills of poverty and slavery, as well as co-heirs with the plutocracy to all the failings of hum... ...sses, the same thing is true of Mr Harris’s own plays and mine. Industrial slavery is not com- patible with that freedom of adventure, that personal r...

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...th whip and chains. If the slave is absent a fortnight, he is condemned to slavery for life and is to be branded on forehead or back with the letter S... ...s of this process of transformation, grows the mass of misery, oppression, slavery, degradation, exploitation; but with this, too, grows the revolt of... ...ne will prefer work to idleness, because work will not involve overwork or slavery, or that excessive specializa- tion that industrialism has brought ... ...d make the wrong one. They would answer poverty, when they ought to answer slavery. Face to face every day with the shameful con- trasts of riches and... ...heir answer to my question is none the less wrong. Poverty is the symptom: slavery the disease. The extremes of riches and destitution follow inevitab... ...ose that are rooted in mutual freedom, where there is no domination and no slavery, no tie except affection, no economic or conventional necessity to ... ... that human relations will be conceived when the evil heritage of economic slavery has ceased to mold our in- stincts. Husbands and wives, parents and...

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..., with the specious garb of religion, so that men may fight as bravely for slavery as for safety, and count it not shame but highest honour to risk th... ... superstition, away from its legitimate rulers, and so bring us again into slavery. 8 A Theologico-Political Treatise: Part One (22) As to the order ... ...stomed to the superstitions of Egypt, uncultivated and sunk in most abject slavery, should have held any sound notions about the Deity, or that Moses ... ...y had in the past received benefits from Him (such as the deliverance from slavery in Egypt), and further terrified them with threats if they transgre...

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...ce President of the United States. 13th Amendment Sect. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereo...

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...industry, unless they are for a while compelled to it. Hence even personal slavery, by giv ing a commencement to industrial life, and enforcing it as... ... of fighting and rapine. It is almost needless to say that this excuse for slavery is only available in a very early state of society. A civilized peo... ...ull rights of citizenship. This, however, is not the normal condi tion of slavery, and is generally a sign that it is becoming obsolete. A slave, pro... ... worse; it often means being overrun, conquered, and re duced to domestic slavery either by a stronger despot, or by the nearest barbarous people who... ...acter had not first been prostrated by nearly two generations of that mild slavery, they would probably have had spirit enough left to rebel against t... ...ould carry their votes somewhere else, and the minority would prevail. The slavery of the majority to the least estimable portion of their numbers wou... ... of difference of institutions in the single but most important article of slavery, this one difference goes so far in alienating from each other’s sy... ...titutions has been for the first time impaired by the judg ment declaring slavery to be of common right, and conse quently lawful in the T erritorie... ...a tional aggrandizement, but by the purely sectional purpose of extending slavery. There are few signs in the proceedings of Americans, nationally or...

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...ng in a household with a male head. This was followed by an exten- sion of slavery to other captives and inferiors, besides women, and by an extension... ...-peace- able industry is usually characterised by an established chat- tel slavery, herds of cattle, and a servile class of herdsmen and shepherds; in... ...e the usual form of investment for a profit. T o such an extent may female slavery give its character to the economic life under the quasi-peaceable c... ... be little question but that the basis of the industrial system is chattel slavery and that the women are commonly slaves. The great, pervading human ... ... stage of industry is reached, with its fundamental institution of chattel slavery, the gen- eral principle, more or less rigorously applied, is that ... ...equired to wear it. We are yet so little removed from a state of effective slavery as still to be fully sensitive to the sting of any imputation of se... ...ection of industrial usefulness; but when the quasi- peaceable stage (with slavery and status) passes into the peace- able stage of industry (with wag... ...At the earlier stage, as was said above, the all-dominating institution of slavery and sta- tus acted resistlessly to discountenance exertion directed... ...ssion of ancestor worship in China, or of the caste system in india, or of slavery in Africa, or the establishment of equality of the sexes in Mohamme...