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..............................1 Chapter 2 AIR FORCE OPPOSITION TO INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON SPACE.....17 Chapter 3 AIR FORCE AS A BACKSEAT “DRIVER” IN SPACE LAW DEBATES................41 Chapter 4 PROJECT WEST FORD..................58 Chapter 5 MAJ GEN ALBERT M. KUHFELD AND AIR FORCE LEADERSHIP OF SPACE LAW DEVELOPMENT...........................................64 Chap...

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...INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON SPACE .......17Chapter 3 AIR FORCE AS A BACKSEAT “DRIVER” IN SPACE LAW DEBATES............................................ ...oreword The impact of the US defense and space initiatives on bilateraland multilateral treaties and on international outer space law ingeneral, a to... ...never again to allow the US tobe similarly vulnerable to a surprise attack, particularly in anuclear environment. As part of his efforts to preclude a... ... traces howthe Eisenhower administration demonstrated a lack of concernabout being first in space so long as the concept of free passage inouter space... ...cribes the United States AirForce resistance to the passage of international conventions(treaties) and the general impact that Air Force opposition ha... ...(international and domestic), passage(negotiation and ratification) of international treaties orconventions, and commonly accepted practices of n... ...rld-Circling Spaceship, anengineering analysis of satellite feasibility. This 1946 study concludedthat such satellites were an unlikely base for offen... ...ntistsand academicians. 11 In its final report issued in June 1952, the BeaconHill group concluded that observation satellite systems could infringe o... ... a satellite during the IGY program. 44 Who Would Be First in Space? Some have concluded that the USSR was first in space by defaultbecause ...

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...A Voice from Harper's Ferry by Osborne P. Anderson (1861) The Battle of the Little Bighorn, Narrated by an Indian Who Fought in It by Two Moons (1876) The Omaha Platform of the People's Party of America (1892) "Agitation—The Greatest Factor for Progress" by Mother Jones (1903) Manifesto and Preamble of the Industrial Workers of the World (1905 ...

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.... Anderson (1861)The Battle of the Little Bighorn, Narrated by an Indian Who Fought in It by TwoMoons (1876)The Omaha Platform of the People's Party o... ... Pankhurst (1913)A Historical Survey of Organizations of the Left Among the Chinese in Americaby H. M. Lai (1972)The Six Pamphlets of the White Rose S... ... Society (1942/3)The Port Huron Statement by the Students for a Democratic Society (1962)The League of Revolutionary Black Workers: A Historical Study... ... Osborne P. Anderson (1861)Seventeen whites and five blacks participated in John Brown's raid on Harper'sFerry. Osborne Anderson was the on... ...s Ferry. Scarcely had the Convention and othermeetings and business at Chatham been concluded, and most necessary workbeen done, both at St. Catherine... ...tate of publicfeeling without, and of the intended process, Captain Brown and party concludedto strike a blow immediately, and not, as at first intend... ...ed the true number, their disgrace would have been more apparent;so they wisely (?) concluded to be silent. The fight at Harper's Ferry alsodisproved ... ... freedom and honor. Port Huron Statement of the Students for a Democratic Society, 1962 Courtesy Office of Sen. Tom Hayden.THE PORT HURON STATEMENT O... ... no matter how desirable, states.Russia cannot be expected to negotiate disarmament treaties for the Chinese.We should not feed Chinese fanaticism wit...

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... Coinage Mintage Statistics 1793-1902 51 Silver Coinage Mint Mintage Statistics 1793-1902 (odd denominations) 54 Gold Coinage Statistics 1793-1902 (in dollars) 57 Appendix C: Reports 60 Superintendent Robert Morris’ 1782 Report 61 PROPOSITIONS RESPECTING THE COINAGE OF GOLD, SILVER, AND COPPER. 66 Samuel Osgood and Walter Livingston’s April 8, 1786 Report 69 April ...

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... herein Chronological Listing of Acts hereinDate of Act: Found in Chapter: Foreign Coinage Acts, Cu... ...ons) .............................................. 54 Gold Coinage Statistics 1793‐1902 (in dollars) .................................................. ...cuments Constitution We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establishJustice, in... ...ses, in Law and Equity, arising under thisConstitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, undertheir Authority... ...tution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made inPursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority ... ...he United States in Congress assembled, with any king, prince orstate, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress to the courts of Fran... ...ot determine what number of grains of fine silver should constitute the dollar. We have concluded that Congress by their act aforesaid, intended th... ...s have been or shall be adjusted at different rates, bypostal treaty or convention already concluded or hereafter to be made ;) and for a double lette... ...e agreement between the Secretary of the Treasury and the marketing organization shall be concluded within sixty days of the date of the selection of...

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...C and “Introduction to Outer Space” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Balancing Civilian and Military Responsibilities in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 3 EISENHOWER ACT II: FORGING A NASA-DOD RELATIONSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 To...

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... Balancing Civilian and Military Responsibilities in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Notes . . . .... ...i and the DOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Dynasoar in 1961–62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Dyn... ... An Addendum: Reconnaissance Satellites and Space Policy in the Kennedy Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... riod of the space age. For example, a 1945 Navy investigation concluded that “in view of the recent progress in the field of rocke... ...ested the Army Air Forces (AAF) join its satellite studies, the AAF concluded that a “joint program of evaluation, justification, and, i... ...satellite would cost $150 million and require five years of R&D but concluded it had neither military nor scientific utility “commensura... ...ally delineated.165 Zuckert referred to “a numerous series of peace treaties between NASA 309Chapter 6 11/23/05 10:01 ... ...s on the basis of formal written agreements, somewhat suggestive of treaties be- tween sovereign powers.”167 While some may dis... ...ly from there. Both the United States and the USSR introduced draft treaties into the United Nations in June, and by December the two ma...

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...es the story of United States Air Force ideas, concepts, and doctrine from the watershed of massive retaliation/flexible response that was occasioned in 1960. The first three chapters of this volume are in effect reprinted from the 1974 edition of Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine, and the following chapters have been added to bring this never-ending story up to 1984....

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... 'It. Volume IIIDEAS, CONCEPTS, DOCTRINE: Basic Thinking in the United States Air Force 1961-1984... ... of tfF (71cS`3WEnti--tf ---4lz 9ozCF .Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataFutrell, Robert Frank. Ideas, concepts, d... ...urth Printing September 2001 DisclaimerThis publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the intere... ...h the agreed program, and the Jupiter missiles became operational in Turkey byabout July 1962. As was the case in England, United States crews control... ...y deploying Army and Air Force units placed under it. Upon returning to Washington, they concluded an agreement under which the Army specified the for... ...e moved by military aircraft."99 Secretary Gatesimmediately accepted the report. "I have concluded," he informed the chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of St... ...livered on 6 January 1961. After describing the horrors of thermonuclear war, Khrushchev concluded that Communist ideology no longer could regard a ge... ... a separate peace treaty with East Germanyby the end of 1961 if the West refused to sign treaties with both East and WestGermany and to make West Berl... ...r. Carrier airpower can be employed without involving third parties, without invoking treaties, agreements, or overflight rights. And . . . the ...

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...This Style Guide is intended primarily for English-language authors and translators, both in-house and freelance, working for the European Commission. But now that so many texts in and around the EU institutions are drafted in English by native and non-native speakers alike, its rules, reminders and handy referenc...

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...This Style Guide is intended primarily for English-language authors and translators, both in-house and freelance, working for the European Commission. But now that so many texts in and around the EU institutions are drafted in English by native and non-native speakers alike, its rules, reminders and handy referenc...

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... and freelance, working for the European Commission. But now that so manytexts in and around the EU institutions are drafted in English by native and ... ...s rules, reminders and handy references aim to serve a wider readershipas well.In this Guide, ‘style’ is synonymous with a set of accepted linguistic ... ...th a set of accepted linguistic conventions; ittherefore refers to recommended in-house usage, not to literary style. Excellent advice onhow to improv... ...ng terms. The enacting terms of binding EU legislation, i.e. thearticles of EU treaties (see chapter 15) and of EU regulations, directives and decisio... ... shall not extend in any way the competences of the Union as defined in the Treaties. • This agreement shall not enter into force until/if …Where... ...note the italics) is the body of EU law in the broad sense,comprising: • the Treaties and other instruments of similar status (primary legislation);... ...• measures relating to justice and home affairs; • international agreements concluded by the EU and those concluded by the Member States among t... ...Euratom regulations were numbered separately, in cumulativeseries from 1958 to 1962, and then annually. Since 1 January 1968 they have formed asingle ... ... for itin the budget since 1993. The EDF is not a permanent fund; a new one is concluded everyfive years or so.MEMBER STATESWhen translating a documen...

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... Nuclear ASAT System and Present-Day Copycat Killers, by Lt Col Clayton K.S. Chun, is a case study of an early US antisatellite (ASAT) weapon system. In this study, Colonel Chun shows how the US Air Force developed a rudimentary ASA system from obsolete Thor intermediate ballistic missiles, an existing space tracking system, and nuclear warheads....

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...r Force Base, Alabama April 2000Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataChun, Clayton K. S. Shooting down a star: the US Thor Pr... ...ing, pub-lic policy institutes, and the media. This CADRE Paper, andothers in the series, is available electronically at the AirUniversity Research We... ...ier effect ofspace systems on combat operations became widely recog-nized. In the immediate aftermath of that conflict, then AirForce chief of staff G... ... correctly predicted the Soviets wouldorbit an earth satellite by 1957 but concluded that such aspace vehicle would have limited military value.2 The ... ...numeric advantage alone but throughmore innovative approaches. As early as 1962, Maj Gen RobertA. Breitweiser, the Air Force assistant chief of staff ... ...Although cancelled due to cost, schedule, andtechnical reasons in December 1962, SAINT provided valuableprogram and technical experience for future AS... ...vanced Development Option 40, Anti-Satellite Program, to DOD on 9 February 1962. These tests,which were a part of the cold war space race between the ... ...xperimenting with a FOBS capability as earlyas 1965. The agency’s analysts concluded that the Sovietswould likely deploy it.78 The CIA thought the Sov... ...nuclear nonproliferation treaty.*Even if North Korea fully abides by these treaties, it will stillhave the experience and technology to resume a nucle...

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...on and the rise of a multipolar world. Analyzing the ASAT debate from the past and the dynamics of the emerging space environment and threat can help in formulating that new ASAT policy—a continued ASAT research and development program, short of production and deployment, and arms control combined with collective security to diminish threat uncertainty. As the US reduces d...

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...AT . . . . . . 24 Summarizing the Carter and Reagan Years . . . . 24 Notes . . . . . 25 5 CHANGING STRATEGIES . . . 27 Notes . . . . . 29 6 ASAT IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD . . . . . . 31 Evolving the Argument for ASAT . . . . . . 31 Old Arguments—New Players . . . 32 The Players—Emerging Space Powers . . . 32 The Limitations of Today’s Commercial Satellites . . . . . 3...

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... October 1995 DisclaimerThis publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest ofacademic ... ...d the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The viewsexpressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the official... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 ASAT IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Evolvin... ...rce enhancement functions or serving as verification tools forarms control treaties “represent legitimate uses of Earth-orbiting satellites.”14The Sov... ... these difficulties the Air Forcecancelled the SAINT program on 3 December 1962. Hedging Bets Nevertheless, Kennedy, like Eisenhower,... ...oes develop.”23 As it turns out, McNamara had instructedthe US Army in May 1962 to develop an ASAT in the form of a modified NikeZeus.24 Perhaps as fu... ...Air Force in Space 1959–1960 (USAF Historical Division LiaisonOffice, June 1962), 40–41. 18. Carl Berger, The Air Force in Space Fiscal Year 1961 (USA... ... acquire and maintaincontrol of the space environment.”3 Otherwise, Kutyna concluded, the USmay find itself in a situation in which it had no means to... ...dopted a dual-track space defense policy forASATs. In light of significant treaties banning weapons of mass destructionin outer space, the Kennedy adm...

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... at Mather Field, California, getting his com- mission and wings in November 1918. After a tour in t... ... After a tour in the Philippines, he returned to Langley Field, Virginia, in February 1925 with a subsequent as... ...tend the Air Corps Tactical School. Retained on the faculty as a bombardment in- structor, Walker became the epito... ...many ways to measure the strength of these types of rela-tionships—domestic polls, media tone, treaties, and agreements—the perception of national lea... ...possession of nuclear weapons had a minor in-fluence on effective deterrence. Huth and Russett concluded,“A quest for strategic nuclear superiority is... ...and Turkey.43Summarizing interviews with senior officials, Turkish researcherMustafa Kibaroglu concluded: Turkish officials consider nuclear weapons ... ... 1969/ratified parties agree not to acquire nuclear weapons. 1980)IAEA SGA Yes (concluded International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Sa... ...h weapons [WMD] and their delivery means and become party to the nonproliferation regimes and treaties as soon as possible. In this respect, the nee... ...ss WMD and does not intend to have them in the future. It adheres to all major international treaties regarding nonproliferation of those weapons an...

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...nts, Mail Slop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication DataSpires, David N. Beyond Horizons : a half century of A... ...he Air Force Rise to Military Space Preeminence 933. The Air Force in the Era of Apollo: A Dream Unfulfilled 96 The Air Force Position... ... the First Military Space Test 169 The Military Space Community in Transition 1715 . Organizing for Space: The Air Force Com... ...utenant General Thomas S. Moorman, Jr., commander of Air Force SpaceCommand, concluded there was a specific need to better educate people, both inthe ... ...tor's NoteMost importantly, a project of this nature can not be successfully concludedwithout support from the top. From the first day this project be... ...rman recounts that hisgroup "examined the thrust capabilities of rockets and concluded that it was per-10 The Dawn of the Spac... ... by providing the means to verify future arms agreements and nuclear testban treaties. Relying on the "Sputnik precedent," he preferred to avoid direc... ...nuclear detection satellites helped make possible verifiable nucleartest ban treaties and potential arms limitation agreements. In this, as in moresen... ... tary operations in space, conducted by the letter and spirit of existing treaties and in accordance with international law; 2. As DoD executive...

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...vice that it was better to help craft the US position than to be only a recipient of the outcome. The book highlights the lesson it belatedly learned in the early days of arms control: the Air Force has to plan and budget for treaty implementation as aggressively as it works to protect its equities during treaty negotiations....

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...rce and Arms Control: The Early Years . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Michael O. Wheeler 2 Peace through Strength Alone: US Air Force Views on Arms Control in the 1950s and Early 1960s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Edward Kaplan PART II Strategic Arms Limitations, 1969–80 3 The Road to SALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Anne G. Campbell 4 St...

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...R NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES US AIR FORCE ACADEMY Milestones in Strategic Arms Control, 1945–2000 United States Air Force ... ...University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6615 in coordination with USAF Institute for National Security Studies ... ... September 2002Air University Library Cataloging Data Milestones in strategic arms control, 1945-2000 : United States Air Force roles andout... ...gure 1 US Military SALT Apparatus, 1976–78 . . . . 108 2 Treaties and Agreements Growth . . . . . . . . 231 ... ...ncomplete without recounting how the junior servicehas shaped various arms treaties and been shaped by them. Yet, just over a year ago, while serving ... ...nd at someAmerican bases overseas. Importantly, under this and othermutual treaties, it is a ritual that also takes place frequentlyin Russia as Ameri... ... nation on 9 August 1945, reporting onthe Potsdam Conference that had just concluded, Truman dis-cussed what he called “the tragic significance” of th... ...viet advantage in both ICBM and SLBM mis-sile launchers. The agreement was concluded in the “back chan-nel” negotiations between Kissinger and Dobryni... ...hreatened the coherence of commu-nications networks.34 An estimate in 1982 concluded that lessthan one percent of Soviet warheads of the period couldd...

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...National leaders are debating the merits of American weapons in space. A decision to operationally deploy such weapons would reverse the United States’s long-standing commitment to space as a sanctuary. That sanctuary—the idea that space should remain relatively unthreatened by weapons...

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... Abstract National leaders are debating the merits of American weapons in space. A decisionto operationally deploy such weapons would revers... ...sued might suffer. This studyattempts to understand the argument against weapons in space. It asks thequestion: Could pursuing a space sanctuary polic... ...is used to assert that the United States can reduce itspotential vulnerabilities in space without weaponizing. Evidence is introduced toshow that othe... ... threat, after it appeared, might embarrass his administration later.12 Soin May 1962, Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Robert S. McNamara orderedthe Arm... ...r the United States conducted the Starfish Prime series of spacenuclear tests in 1962, American policy makers clearly understood thatnuclear ASAT deto... ...risome since they have clearly linked both Strategic ArmsReduction Talks (START) treaties to continued US compliance with the ABMTreaty. Under these a... ...evolving path to a space and air force.”67 What AirForce leaders have apparently concluded is that space is becoming adominant medium of the future. I... ...ly reviewed that budget and the fight against cancer in total.The ensuing report concluded that current research funding is inadequate to“capitalize o... ...nal forums. In turn, international cooperation in space could befostered through treaties and agreements. Any sanctuary strategy wouldundoubtedly requ...

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...Dr. David R. Mets’s The Long Search for a Surgical Strike: Precision Munitions and the Revolution in Military Affairs is a broad, thought-provoking examination of the relationship between the advancement in conventional weapons guidance technology and the “revolution in military affairs” (RMA). He defines an RMA as a rapi...

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...INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 WHAT IS A REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS (RMA)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 WHAT WERE THE NOTIONS OF THE FIRST AIRPOWER ADVOCATES OF RMA? . . . . . . . .4 HOW DID RMA WORK OUT IN WARS FROM 1939 TO 1972?. . . . . . . . . ...

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... Precision Munitions and the Revolution in Military Affairs Thank you for your assistanc... ...rch for a Surgical Strike Precision Munitions and the Revolution in Military Affairs DAVID R. METS, PhD School of Advanced Airpowe... ... Alabama 36112-6615 October 2001Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataMets, David R. The long search for a surgical strike : p... ...er those dreams of a revo-lution are about to be fulfilled. Bernard Brodie concluded that World War II had been ascomplete a test of the theories as D... ...to 1972? The summary report—United States Strategic BombingSurveys (USSBS)—concluded that airpower, not strategic air-power, had been a decisive facto... ... Korea were leftover from World War II. Gen Curtis E. LeMayIn 1962 General LeMay was the first bomber pilot to become chief of staff ofth... ...ion that but it actually was against the law as expressed inthe Washington treaties of 1922!61 The fact that the F-105 wasnot optimal for fighting gue... ...n 1961, and it was notaltogether restored with the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. Thus it can be argued that with only limited hope for firmpublic supp... ...odie, From Crossbow to H-Bomb(Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1962, 1973), 207–8. TheBrodies show that the Navy was working on radar in W...

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...None before Prof. John Norton Moore has argued the value of democratic principles in deterrence and conflict avoidance. In this important book, Dr. Gary Sharp analyzes the concepts in Moore’s seminal work The War Puzzle (2005), which describes Moore’s incentive theory of war avoidance. Sharp carefully diss...

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...101 5 A VALIDATION OF THE INCENTIVE THEORY OF WAR AVOIDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Paths to Peace: Domestic and International Factors In War Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 An Analysis of the Role of Deterrence in the 1991 Persian Gulf War . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 6 CORRELATIVE VALUES OF...

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... iiDedicated to my loving wife Anne Marie Sharp from whom all good in my life flows ContentsChapter ... ... 103 Paths to Peace: Domestic and International Factors In War Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 An Analysis of... .... . . . . . . 103 An Analysis of the Role of Deterrence in the 1991 Persian Gulf War . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Notes .... ...es to prove that democracies are a method of nonvio-lence. Historians have concluded that war is caused during acompetition for power by a failure of ... ...lected forms ofgovernment (1942–97)Form of government 1942 1947 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997Multiparty democracy 10 25 50 45... ...to a draft constitu-tion that “brings together for the first time the many treatiesand agreements on which the EU is based.”45 It also definesthe powe... ...e proven through large-scale statistical analyses.48 Historians have also concluded that war is caused during acompetition for power by a failure of ... ...d shows no sign of abating.”17 In sharp contrast,historian John Keegan has concluded after a lifetime of studythat war “may well be ceasing to commend... ... CONVENTIONAL THEORIES OF WARentered into 19 bilateral treaties that required the parties torefer their disputes to a conciliation...

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...Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataSpangler, Stanley E. Force and accommodation in world po... ... CIP DISCLAIMER This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic... ...the advancement of national defense-related concepts . The views expressed in this publication are those ofthe author and do not reflect the official ... ...as thoroughly as some other crises-for example, theCuban missile crisis of 1962. This is particularly true insofar as therole of inducements and conci... ...s .I° There is, ofcourse, much evidence ofthis already in the arms control treaties concluded since Gorbachev came to power and in proposed ... ...re is, ofcourse, much evidence ofthis already in the arms control treaties concluded since Gorbachev came to power and in proposed treaties ... ...briefly touched on the effect of personality onhistory, and we concluded that personality factors-personalcharacteristics of key ... ...n extremelyimportant in the way the Quemoy crisis of 1958 was conductedand concluded. The restrained use of force, willingness to findareas of accommo... ...tivation." Commitments enter in here, whether formal commit- ments through treaties and alliances or informal commitments that can be held up as vit...

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In this volume, a wide array of scholars turn a critical eye toward NASA’s first 50 years.

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...50 YEARS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data NASA's first 50 years : historical perspectives ... ...e a hundred thingsYou have not dreamed of—wheeled and soared and swungHigh in the sunlit silence. Hov’ring there,I’ve chased the shouting wind along, ... ...utting ThemesChapter 3 // Robert R. MacGregorImagining an Aerospace Agency in the Atomic Age 31Chapter 4 // W. Henry Lambri... ...82). See also Robert L. Rosholt, An Administrative History of NASA, 1958–1962 (Washington, DC: NASA SP-4101, 1966). 5. T. O. Paine letter to Cli... ...ssets while noting deficiencies inscience education in America. The speech concluded with a warning againstrunaway spending: It misses the whole ... ...and the National Space Council (NSC), fol-lowing the TCP’s recommendation, concluded in May of that year that theU.S. effort (Project Vanguard) should... ...llyif the USSR were to be the first to establish a satellite.”20 The NSC concluded the U.S. scientific satellite effort should not hindermilitary mi... ...t is notable that Webb’s goals were broader than Kennedy’s or Johnson’s.In 1962 he and Kennedy had a confrontation in the White House. Kennedywanted t... ... questions of foreign policy that it had to beunderpinned by international treaties. The Final Report of the Senate SpecialCommittee on Space and Aero...

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...ashington, DC May 2009 NASA SP-2009-4110Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataChertok, B. E. (Boris Evseevich), 1912– [Rakety i lyu... ... 41515 The Molniya-1 Communications Satellite 45316 Molniya-1 in Space (and more) 49117 Korolev’s Last Days, Death, and Funeral ... ...85 viiSeries Introduction In an extraordinary century, Academician Boris Yevseyevich Chertokhas lived... ...s onInternational Aspects of the Exploration and Uses of Outer Space, 1954–1962, 88th Cong., 1stsess., S. Doc. 18 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1963), pp. 202... ... those who would havebeen responsible for unleashing nuclear Armageddon in 1962 had Kennedyand Khrushchev not been able to agree on a stalemate. Two f... ...occurredafter 38 seconds of flight. The accident investigation commission concluded that the disintegration ofthe combustion chamber of the Block D s... ...nskiy. “It’shis spirit that’s moving him, not his sense of duty.” We both concluded that we had had good luck in our work. “Nedelin is not a martine... ...ets provide designations for their weapons for enumeration in arms control treaties. The Sovietsreluctantly manufactured these fake designations of th... ... that it was a situation of “mutually assured destruction(MAD).” MacNamara concluded that the destruction of one-fourth toone-third of the population,...

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...ase, Alabama September 1985Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataWerrell, Kenneth P. The Evolution of the Cruise Missile ... ... .. . .. . .. . 30 APHRODITE: The Aerial Torpedo In Action . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. ... ... new weapon systems and distort our perceptions oftheir most effective use in modem warfare . So it is with cruise missiles, one oftechnology's newest... ... to the 56thWeather Reconnaissance Squadron in Yokota, Japan, from 1962 until 1965, DrWerrell served first as pilot and later as aircraft com... ...ate and energetic efforts should be made with the"flying bomb" project. He concluded : The time has come, in the opinion of the writer, when this fun... ...k in the engine, rather than the control system, for the failures.They concluded from these tests that accuracy was equated with weatherinf... ... range of 20 to 30 miles, and he wanted it fast. "For yourinformation," he concluded his letter, "the War Department insists upon somepositive and pra... ...59, and it served alongside theMatador before the latter phased out in 1962 . Eventually, six missile squadrons(comprising the 38th Tactical Mis... ...d . (5) Thirdparties. The signatories pledge to make no international treaties thatwould conflict with the agreement. Another provision of the...

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... . . . . . . . 24 Allied Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Fratricide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 The US Navy in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Japanese Antiaircraft Artillery . . . . . . . . . . .53 The Lessons of World War II . . . . . . . . . . .57 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2 FROM ...

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... 36112-6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii In memory of Michael Lewis Hyde Born 14 May 1938... ...hael Lewis Hyde Born 14 May 1938Graduated USAF Academy 8 June 1960 Killed in action 8 December 1966 A Patriot, A Classmate, A FriendTHIS PAGE... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 The US Navy in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Japa... ...rved with the 56th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron atYokota Air Base, Japan, from 1962 until 1965, completing thetour as an aircraft commander of the ... ... detonated) and interference be-tween fighter pilots and gunners.28 Hill and Pile concluded that they should designate an all-gunbelt from which all a... ...vy flak positions with low-flying aircraft as inef-fective and costly. The report concluded that alternative meas-ures (ECM, formations, evasive maneu... ...e weapon in 1937, and, by 1939the Swedes delivered the Bofors to 18 countries and concludedproduction licenses with 11 others. Both sides manufactured... ...ades.51 Thosewho distrusted the movement toward arms control and fearedthat these treaties and the unrelenting arms buildup gave theSoviets parity, if... ...ant; the Republicans have tended to favorarmaments, while the Democrats advocated treaties to dealwith international threats. Or, in the incendiary wo...

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...uir S. Fairchild Research Information Center Cataloging DataShaughnessy, Ryan No sense in dwelling on the past? : the fate of the US Air Force’s Germ... ...of the 1861–65 Civil War pro-vided a precedent, but that conflict produced no long-term in-stitutional support for the production of official military... ... common thread connecting the outpouring of Civil Warhistory with the emergent interest in the history of World WarII was the unequivocality of outcom... ...-armament. Finally, the Army’s project shifted focus severaltimes over its 6 years; it concluded by producing specific “howto” manuals for Army offic... ...e.Working on a part-time basis, they completed 40 of 42 transla-tion drafts by November 1962.58 The Final Phase: 10 Years, One Edi... ...e world, in particular the Berlin blockade thatended in May 1949, led to mutual defense treaties and the es-tablishment of NATO in April 1949. Even t... ...58 a study groupled by Col Taylor Drysdale of the Air Research and Develop-ment Command concluded the Air Force was neglecting thetheory of war and fo... ...f airpower in combat there. Frank Futrell, in his monumental Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine,concluded that “one of the major values of these evaluationswa... ... General Warfare Karl Drum der Flieger 177 1962 (March) 44 (63) GAF Operations in Paul ...