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Mars, to our current knowledge, does not contain any native populations. However, the Earthlings arriving there, once again, will bring their own institutions with them. In this case, we may even surmise, more than one system, given the proliferation of space technology among nations of diverse backgrounds. That also means there will be more than one culture, as well as Governance method. Does that herald a clash of cultures and Governance modes? At that point, it becomes necessary to spend some overview time, looking at the behavior on Earth....

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It can be argued that the primary use of history is to learn the lessons from the experiences of the past human polities. The familiar timeline that is usually attached to historical study is necessary in order to know the flow of events in the proper sequence. The lessons will be skewed if Reformation is considered before Christ. Then comes the most critical of the steps; how those lessons are identified and learned. Perhaps it is easier to notice a lesson than learning it. Since history is the record of humans, the learning of the historical lessons can be very problematic. Humans tend to believe what they wish. They can create images in their minds, and propagate that image in media even when no such event was recorded anywhere. As one result, the wrong lessons may be learned from the historical record. And those wrong lessons, in the hands of overly ambitious leadership teams can lead to disaster; not only to nations, but also to the world. Libraries and bookstores are full of volumes showing what happened in the aftermath of a historical lesson incorrectly learned....

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Humanities on Mars Tengri on Mars Governance on Mars Imperialism on Mars Antarctica Treaty Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies...

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3. According to my records, this effort was begun in 1983. In the ensuing years, I filled close to a dozen notebooks on various aspects of identity. For the first sixteen years of this process, the primary idea was to better understand the nature of the subject. 4. While teaching courses on World History and Intercultural Studies in four different universities, perceptive student questions on these topics further stimulated the process. 5. What finally persuaded me to organize these notebooks, to the extent presented here, was the realization that most if not all discussions of identity in print have been applied cases. 6. I, too, produced works on applied identity in the past. Some even appeared in print in various countries on three continents. 7. After reading the latest commentaries on applied identity studies, a thought presented itself that a more general discussion might be beneficial to all concerned regardless of the discipline, nationality, ethnicity or any other concern. ...

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1. There are always Secret Identities in every polity. 2. The purpose of constituting a secret identity is to escape the prevailing rules in the environment in which the identity is established. 3. Some secret identities are regular identities, forced underground by the dominant identity. 4. Some secret identities are formed to gain advantage over other identities in the same polity. 5. Further secret identities are formed in order to secure the interests of the governance strata. 6. No secret identity can remain secret forever. Most, if not all, attributes of a secret identity will be uncovered in time; be it belief system, commercial, official or any other. 7. Whatever reason may have impelled the formation of a secret identity, left entirely unchecked and un-audited, it will corrupt itself. 8. Whatever the identity, it will adhere to the principles adumbrated in this work. ...

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Identities: How Governed, Who Pays? by H.B. Paksoy ________________________________________ Lawrence, KS: Carrie 2001 Simultaneous print and e-version release ©2001 H.B. Paksoy TABLE OF CONTENTS • 01 Introduction • 02 Uses of Identity • 03 Official Identity • 04 Leavening of Identity • 05 Identity of Governance • 06 Commercial Identity • 07 Interactions of Identities • 08 Corporate Identity • 09 Identity of Belief Systems • 10 Mosaic Identity • 11 Technological and Future Identities • 12 Secret Identities • 13 Observations • A Brief Biographical Note ...

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Address delivered to the first Tricontinental Conference of the Peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America held in Havana in January, 1966.

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Reproduced from Wretched of the Earth (1959) publ. Pelican. Speech to Congress of Black African Writers, 1959

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Social Justice Vol. 26, No. 2 (76), 25th Anniversary Commemoration (Summer 1999)

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Excerpts from Understanding Power

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The antecedents and aftermath of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the role of the United States in international affairs.

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Taking an unusual approach to its topic, “Principles of Anarchism” applies classical logic and deductive reasoning to the subject of human interactions and rights. Beginning with the assumption that all human beings are equal, a concept which is termed the human equality axiom, the author goes on to draw a number of conclusions from this postulate in the manner of a Euclidean proof. These include the surprising contention that no such thing as human rights can exist, the assertion that anarchism is essentially intellectual rather than activist, and the uncomfortable suggestion that historical developments such as cities and industries are harmful to the human race rather than helpful. More centrally, though, the pamphlet argues very simply that any form of authority or government is logically incompatible with the existence of humanity. And it is the implications of this theory, rejection of which requires rejection of the equality axiom as well, which make the argument offered both novel and exceptionally relevant....

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From this basic research and meetings with Chinese experts both in the United States and in China, the team began to explore the various directions China might take in the future. This exploration is not a forecast of a specific future, but rather is designed to help the reader better understand the magnitude and shape of a rapidly rising Asian power. This power may be our friend or foe. Whatever it does become, the nation must be ready to engage it as a fellow member of the international system....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . .1 Col John P. Geis II, PhD 2. THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE, DEMOGRAPHICS, AND EDUCATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM . . . .7 Lt Col Scott E. Caine 3. 正义与和谐社会 (HARMONIOUS SOCIETY: RISE OF THE NEW BOXERS) . . . 29 Col Blaine D. Holt Col John P. Geis II, PhD 4. THE PEACEFUL DEVELOPMENT ROAD: CHINA’S ECONOMIC PROGRAM . . . . 47 Col Edwin F. Donaldson 5. CHINA’S MILITARY MODERNIZATION . . .71 Lt Col Ralph A. Sandfry, PhD 6. HARMONIOUS DISCORDANCE: CHINA IN 2030 . . . . . 93 Col John P. Geis II, PhD 7. CONCLUSION: US CAPABILITIES NEEDED TO RESPOND TO POTENTIAL CHINESE CHALLENGES . . . . 109 ABBREVIATIONS . . . 123...

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This is a book of quotations and comments about air power, war, and military matters. But it would be a great mistake to simply read the quotes and take them literally. Each selection presents a picture that you can look at again and again. Taken together, different views of the same subject matter are like a drafter's plans: they can make either an interesting multiple-view description of the subject or a puzzle....

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From the Mind to the Feet: Assessing the Perception-to-Intent-to-Action Dynamic is an interagency, multidisciplinary collection of 12 essays addressing operational and academic perspectives on the elusive concept of an adversary’s “intent”—its indicators and relation to behavior. It is primarily intended for the operational and policy community in the Department of Defense, the intelligence community, the Department of Homeland Security, and other US government agencies....

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DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v ABOUT THE AUTHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PART 1 Operational Perspective: Basic Issues in Gauging Intent 1 From Shoe Leather to Satellites: Shifting the Conceptual Lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Kathleen L. Kiernan and Daniel J. Mabrey 2 Betting Responsibly: An Effects-Based Thinker’s Framework for Characterizing Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Harry A. Foster 3 Gauging the Intent of Nation-States and Nonstate Actors: An Operator’s Perspective . 27 Gary Schaub, Jr. 4 From Observation to Action: Redefining Winning and Sovereignty for the Information Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 John W. Bodnar PART 2 Academic Perspective: Theory and Research in Gauging Intent 5 Anthropological Reflections on Motive and Intent and the Strategic Multilayer Ass...

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When the Cold War set off a prolonged arms race and space competition with the Soviet Union, this well-educated cadre of the greatest generation was ready to provide the technical and managerial expertise needed to meet the Soviet challenge. Combining patriotism with a desire to be on the cutting edge of technology, these “technocrats” played key roles in the defense industry, university and federal research centers, the military services, and other government agencies....

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It is understandable that developments in Europe are carefully monitored in the United States. US concern that its relationship to a unified Europe will be different from the relationship with Europe as it exists now is also quite obvious. There must be a new balance. This paper offers a perfect view of how the new US-EU relationship will develop. It will take time before a unified Europe will be a powerful ally, especially from a military point of view, but we will get there. Meanwhile, we will continue to make critical comments regarding US foreign policy decisions....

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1 NOSTALGIA, NATO, AND THE NEW EUROPE . .1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 2 THE VERY MODEL OF A MODERN MAJOR NATION-STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3 ANARCHY, POWER, AND INTEREST: UNDERSTANDING ALLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4 GOOD-BYE TO ALL THAT: THE END OF NOSTALGIA IN THE TRANSATLANTIC ALLIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63...

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Is America’s counterinsurgency (COIN) effort being shortchanged? Does a one-dimensional doctrine fail to exploit America’s full COIN potential? Would a genuinely joint approach provide better options to decision makers confronted with the harsh realities of twenty-first century insurgencies? This study insists the answers are unequivocally “yes.” It analyzes the pitfalls of accepting Army/Marine tactical doctrine as the joint solution. It also offers insights and ideas from an Airman’s perspective for strengthening joint COIN doctrine development in order to deliver fresh alternatives to our national decision-makers and combatant commanders....

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................iii INTRODUCTION ........................................1 FM 3-24’S GROUND-FORCE CONVENTIONALITY ......................................................8 COIN AND AN AIRMAN’S WAY OF THINKING .......................................................11 FM 3-24’S AIRPOWER MYTHS.....................18 CONSIDERATIONS FOR AIRMINDED COIN DOCTRINE ..........................................28 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS.................63 END NOTES ..........................................69...

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Modernity has been target of permanent criticism since its inception by what has become a traditionalist or antimodern way of thinking. This book exhibits three variations of it, focusing on the ideas of Hannah Arendt, Leo Strauss and Philip Rieff. The approach is critical, stressing the prejudices existing inside their commentaries of our age, but at the same time it argues they originally highlight some of its deepest problems....

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Apresentação. 1 Hannah Arendt e o declínio do Ocidente. 2 A modernidade como época de crise: Leo Strauss. 3 Philip Rieff e o triunfo do terapêutico? Conclusão....

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Since the collapse of the Nazi regime, there has existed the need to understand the motivations of Nazi genocidaires who undertook widespread massacre in the name of the Reich State. Popular films produced in English, academic theses published in Hebrew, and online philosophy and history forums composed of little known languages all indicate a global commitment to understanding the particular “why” and “how” of genocide. This thesis examines the legal and social vehicles that moved the Weimar Republic, and nascent Reich politics towards Shoah. Specifically, foundations of Nazi conduct are examined on three levels: First, as evolution of Jewish identity from homo viator to homo sacer; second, development of Reich law and jurisprudence supporting dehumanization; third, the different forms of rationality/irrationality espoused by SS guards, camp doctors, and Nazi jurists. This analysis contributes to global discussions of comparative genocide, semiotic square usage, and post-structuralist identity politics. This study will interest advanced students of political science and human rights professionals interested in genocide prevention....

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"The charged environment of altered and un-made familiar or known gesture420 unfolded as part of the ongoing dehumanizing project wrecked upon the viator: to unmake his world was to unmake his originality and previously unquestioned right to exist. This externalization of the viator’s figurative disintegration was represented through the state’s de-objectification and subsequent re-signification of certain objects previously taken for granted. Two examples of this dual step towards dehumanization are the shower heads in the gas chambers and the trucks used for transporting the victims, both of which are explored in more detail in Chapter XII."...

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Tables and Semiotic Squares Introduction Chapter I. Conditions of Transformation Chapter II. The Fluid Legality of Nazism Chapter III. Homo Viator & Formalized Social Rejections Chapter IV. Transience Chapter V. Semiotic Squares Chapter VI. Nazi (Ir)Rationality & Semiotic Squares Chapter VII. (Ir)rationality & Praxis Chapter VIII. Panopticon’s Contradictions Chapter IX. The SS Guard Chapter X. SS Doctors & The State of Exception Chapter XI. Nazi Language and the State of Exception Chapter XII. Shoah & Unending Singularity Chapter XIII. Concluding Remarks Paralipomena Lexicon & Reference...

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This book is about how to improve global living standards. Topics include economic growth, income inequality, poverty, corruption, causes of the decline of the middle class, sustainable development, emerging technologies, and more. Below is a list of questions answered throughout: * Which nations have the best living standards? What are they doing right? * Why do rich countries still have so many poor people in them? * What caused the decline of the middle class in some nations like the US and UK, but not in others like Switzerland and the Nordic countries? * Has capitalism failed? Or have we become more socialist? Are those terms meaningless? * Is the government too big? Or not big enough? * Is libertarianism a good or bad idea? * Why are several industries dominated by a handful of corporations? What can we do about it? * Why are prescription medications so expensive? How do we reduce costs? * Do we need more regulations on businesses? Or less? * Should nations be more open to free trade? Or should they be self-sufficient? * Has globalization helped or hurt the average person? * Does economi...

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The way representative democracy works means that campaign contributions, lobbying, and bribery are part of “normal” business strategy.

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Chapter 1: Standard of Living Definition Chapter 2: Money, Wealth, and Value Chapter 3: Environment and Standard of Living Chapter 4: Measuring Standard of Living Chapter 5: Nordic Model Chapter 6: Swiss Democracy Chapter 7: What Is Capitalism? Chapter 8: Liberalization in Modern Countries Chapter 9: Free Markets or Fossil Fuels? Chapter 10: Markets Could Be Freer Chapter 11: Market Freedom Index Chapter 12: Market Freedom and Standard of Living Chapter 13: Capitalism or Democracy? Chapter 14: Too Many Regulations Are Bad Chapter 15: GDP and Poverty Chapter 16: Property Rights, Stock Markets, Economy of Scale Chapter 17: Is Taxation Theft? Chapter 18: Free Trade Chapter 19: Cooperative Socialism Failed Chapter 20: Employment Chapter 21: Why Developed Economies Are Slowing Chapter 22: Inequality and Standard of Living Chapter 23: Why Inequality Exists Chapter 24: Taxation Chapter 25: Welfare Chapter 26: Wages Chapter 27: Inequality-Based Tax System Chapter 28: Charity Chapter 29: Sustainable Development Chapter 30: Monetary Policy Chapter 31: Democratization Chapter 32: Internet Chapter 33: Religion ...

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Read this document to: Understand activist methods that will further your activism. Discover practical animal rights activities you can do. Know what animal rights means and how it differs from other outlooks. Be aware of potential conflict with the law and how you can handle it. Find inspiration from biographies of a selection of animal rights activists. Recognise how humanity is devastating animal life globally. Gasp at the numbers of animals humans kill every year. Add topics to your armoury the well-rounded animal activist should know....

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Humans have been killing animals for millennia and now scientists acknowledge that we are living in a mass extinction of life caused by humanity. Added to this is an animal holocaust in which increasing numbers of people endlessly demand animals to eat, wear, kill for sport, experiment on, and more. In almost anyone's definition this is a man-made disaster - a war on animals - undeclared and devastatingly carried out. Animals need allies and making active allies for animals is what this online book is about....

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About This Guide 5 Author & Email 5 Animal Rights Motto 6 1 Introduction 1.1 The Broad Setting 7 - the big problem. 1.2 Mass Extinction 9 - we live in the Sixth Extinction. 1.3 Animal Holocaust 11 - we live in an enduring and worsening Animal Holocaust. 1.4 World Scientists' Warning to Humanity 12 - scientists attempt to alert the world to the impending catastrophe. 2 Philosophy: Key Topics 2.1 Animal Rights 16 - know what animal rights are. 2.2 Equal Consideration 21 - are animal and human moral interests equally important? 2.3 Animal Ethics 23 - defend your animal rights activism rationally. 2.4 Consequentialism 29 - the morality of your action depends only on its consequences. 2.5 Deontology 30 - the morality of your action depends only on doing your duty. 2.6 Virtue Ethics 31 - the morality of your action depends only on your character. 2.7 Comparing Philosophies 33 - comparing animal rights with ethics, welfare & conservation. 2.8 Deep Ecology 37 - contrasts with animal rights and gives it perspective. 3 Campaigning: Methods for Animal Rights 3.1 How to Start Being Active for Animal Rights 4...

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It is the purpose of this book to bring these cultural advantages into more focus, in order to bring into light some ‘human’ aspects of the country, and how these can be integrated into the broader context of economics development. At the end of the day, their achievements cannot be measured by economic progress alone, but also how the people can have the proper sense of meaning (i.e. ‘feel’ at home) in their own homeland, instead of being just another ‘bolt’ in the obsolete industrial engine of economics....

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Jingshan Park: For an extraordinary and unforgettable view of Beijing and the Forbidden City, casually climb the steps to the top of the hill to the Wanchunting (Wanchun Pavilion), which overlooks this small park, directly opposite the North Gate of the Forbidden City. From this playground of Ming and Qing dynasty emperors for almost 500 years, you will be able to get a grasp on the great city that is China’s capital. On Sunday’s choral groups gather in the park to perform amateur Peking Operas, play musical instruments or to sing songs once beloved by the masses....

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Abstract……………3 Foreword……………4 Contents……………6 Chapter 1. Cultural Advantage as an Alternative Framework: An Introduction ‐ by F. Smarandache & V. Christianto……………7 Chapter 2. Beijing: A Cultural Metropolitan – compiled, edited, augmented by Ke Haiying & F. Smarandache…………18 Chapter 3. The City of Hengshui – by Li Zhanbing……………38 Chapter 4. Ningbo — A Culture‐flourishing Land on the Shore of East China Sea – by Lin Rongchen……………53 Chapter 5. Jingdezhen: Porcelain Capital of the World – by Li Xiaomin……………66 Chapter 6. Haimen : Charming City ‐ by Wang Ping & Jiang He……………71 Chapter 7. Changsha: Cultural Name Cards – by Wang Peiyun & Tang Yuming……………82...

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Arguably a top tier concern for American foreign policy for more than a few years, Iran gets the meticulous attention of two distinguished Air Force scholars. Lt Cols Charles A. Douglass and Michael D. Hays are critical of the current American policy toward Iran and tell us why. More importantly, they point to elements necessary for an effective Iranian strategy. Their aim: “to change the fundamental calculus of the Iranian problem” to one beneficial for both Americans and Iranians....

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1 SOLVING IRAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 IRAN’S PERCEPTIONS AND PATTERNS: HISTORIC ROOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Ancient Persian Greatness and Cultural Pride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Resentment of Foreign Interference . . . . . . 7 Persian-Shiite Strategic Loneliness . . . . . 10 Pragmatic National Interest Replaces Revolutionary Ideology . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3 ANALYSIS OF IRAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Demographics, Politics, and Economics . . . .24 Internal Dynamics, Personalities, Power Centers, and Factions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Nuclear Desire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 4 US PERCEPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 US Perceptions of Iran Internally . . . . . . . .49 US Perceptions of Iran Externally . . . . . . . 51 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5 REVIEW OF RECENT US POLICY . . . . . . . ....

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Up to 50% of our taxes & insurance premiums go to cover ‘lifestyle’ activities. Lifestyle is therefore the largest category of discretionary spending with the potential of reducing our costs by up to this same 50%. Lifestyle is also a far more accurate predicator of our future health care needs and social service requirements. This allows lifestyle to provide the best measure of planning & forecast over today’s ‘comparison shopping’ models. ROOPA highlights the number of savings and other advantages gained from this dual track of lifestyle and its corresponding social costs models. “The ‘social cost’ of obesity averages around $150 billion a year. This comes to about 10 cents per item (of junk food). Every soda pop, hamburger and candy bar will now have this 10 cent premium. The more soda you drink, the more you have already paid into your own health coverage for obesity. It’s the most affordable ‘pay as you go’ insurance plan. It cost a dime.”...

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Contents RAGHU-NOMICS 4 1 ROOPA II 1 Health Care Reform Made Easy: Social Cost 1 Editors Copy 2 Prospectus 3 The 4 page ROOPA Pamphlet used for campaign run for Congress. 5 Raghu Giuffre for Congress 5 ROOPA: 5 50% of Taxes & Insurance Spent on Life Style 5 Excerpt: 5 Part I: 5 Part II: Solution: Pricing Social Costs 6 Insurance: Market Based Social Cost 6 Part III: $4 Trillion in Savings 7 Demo 2: Smoking Current Tobacco Policy: 7 ROOPA: Better Service for 50% Less 7 Captions 9 Virtue & Moral Posturing 9 Bi-partisan Policy 10 Tobacco 11 Tax Reform 11 Republican Tax Policy 11 Illicit Sex 12 Section I 20 ROOPA Theology 20 ROOPA Theology 21 Greater the Vice; Greater the Price 21 Economic Democracy 21 Premise 21 Net Result 22 Benefit 22 Advantage 22 End Result 22 Example 22 The Difference: Greater Cooperation 23 Public Policy Formula 23 True Free Market 24 Economic Democracy 25 Cost: $3.00 26 How to Start? 26 The ROOPA Coalition 27 Law Suits or ROOPA 27 Section II 28 Introduction 28 The ROOPA Journey 30 The Abyss of Political Activism & the Reforms Discovered 30 Section III 42 ROO...

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The discovery found in looking over these proposals was this pattern of simply reviewing elements of each issue that both parties are familiar with, but have never taken the time to review more carefully. Ideology seems to be the reason for this and so made the stunning discovery that most of our problems are primarily due to the ideological death grip on our discourse and consideration. Simply moving beyond this political paradigm opens up to a vista of new options. Raghu-nomics is simply a demonstration of how much opportunity and potential solutions are there if we should simply get beyond the ideological framework confining our policy options....

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Contents RAGHU-NOMICS 7 1 Beyond Two Party Politics 1 2012 Campaign Policy Review 1 Section 1 3 Home Page of Raghu-nomics website 3 Section 1 11 Chapter 1 11 Home Page of Raghu-nomics website 11 Solving Real Estate & Banking Crisis in just weeks. See video above. 11 Raghu-nomics: What it can do? 11 Beyond 2 Party Politics 14 Section 2 19 Chapter 1 19 Raghu for Congress 19 Section 2 20 Chapter 2 20 About Raghu 20 Section 3 26 Kingdom of Hawaii 26 Section 3 27 Chapter 1: 27 10 Reasons Why US Wants to Re-instate the Kingdom of Hawaii 27 Section 4 33 Health Care Reform: 33 ROOPA 33 Section 4 34 Chapter 1: 34 ROOPA: Responsibility for One’s Own Products & Actions 34 Magic bullet to Health Care Reform 34 ROOPA: 34 3 Page Summary 36 Part I: 36 The Problme - it's a Crap Shot 36 Part II: 37 Solution: Pricing Social Cost 37 Demo 1: Obesity 37 Part III: 39 $4 Trillion in Savings 39 Demo 2: Tobacco 39 Add Summary Chapters & Intro from Book, Economics: Hand of God, ROOPA Theology and The Abyss of Activism and the Wisdom Learned. 41 (Editor’s Note: . the ROOPA book was last written 5 years ago. We need to ...