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Libya is the richest African country in oil reserves and one of the richest in the world. The following seven chapters are independent essays that were written on different dates, and therefore you should not expect some kind of connection between the chapters. On the other hand all chapters deal with same issue, i.e. the Libyan energy industry, her foreign policies, and her wars for oil, and therefore they are somehow connected....

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Includes a case study of new information

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Table of Contents What this Book is About v Chapter I Setting the Scene 1 What is Examined? / Why this Subject? / Scope / Structure Chapter 2 State of Knowledge 9 Social Identity / Exclusion, Citizenship & Security / Exclusion / Citizenship / Human Security Chapter 3 Applying the Approach 27 Approaches / Locations / Sampling / Data Collection / Fieldwork / Analysis / Constraints Chapter 4 Who are the Rohingya? 39 An Ethnic Group? / Defining ‘Rohingya’ / Identity Construction / Other Rakhine Muslims Chapter 5 Social Exclusion 57 Horizontal: British Administration / Mass Immigration / Riots Vertical: Politics 1942-1948 / Mujahid Insurgence / U Nu and U Ne Win Regimes / Citizenship Scrutinizing / Temporary Registration Chapter 6 How to Gain and Lose Citizenship 79 Laws / Registration & Documentation / Household List / Birth Registration / Identity Cards / Temporary Cards / Registration of Foreigners / Denial of Citizenship Chapter 7 Findings from the Field 97 Socio-Demographics / Freedom from Fear / Freedom from Want / Land Ownership Chapter 8 Towards Future Policy 129 Perceptions of Citizenship / Ethnic Discrimination...

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المقدمة 1. بيان موضوع ومسألة التحقيق: موضوع التحقيق هو ((المنهج السياسي لاهل البيت عليهم السلام)) والمسألة الاصلية فيه هي البحث في المناهج السياسية لاهل البيت عليهم السلام وعلل اختلافها وطريقة تعاملهم مع الاحداث. 2. السؤال الاصلي للبحث: ما هو المنهج السياسي لاهل البيت عليهم السلام؟ وهل كانوا يعتمدون الاسلوب الموضوعي ام الاعجازي؟ وما كيفية ادارة الدولة؟. 3. الاسئلة الفرعية في البحث: أ. كيفية الاستفادة من الفرصة في بناء القاعدة؟. ب. ماهي الاسباب الموضوعية لاختلاف مواقف أهل البيت عليهم السلام تجاه الاحداث المختلفة؟. ج. ما كيفية التوفيق بين الاساليب المختلفة في مواقف أهل البيت عليهم السلام؟. 4. أهمية وضرورة البحث: لا يخفى أن دراسة الحياة السياسية لأهل البيت عليهم السلام ذات أثر مهم في العمل السياسي الإسلامي وبخاصة في عصر الغيبة حيث يتعذر الوصول إلى معرفة الموقف الشرعي الواقعي بسبب غيبة الإمام المهدي عجل الله فرجه الشريف. ولما كانت الشريعة الاسلامية من المفروض انها شملت جميع وقائع الحياة فلابد ان يكون لكل مسألة سياسية حكم خاص بها، والقيادة وشؤونها من المسائل المهمة في الواقع السياسي، والمتشرع من المؤمنين يجب ان يحذو في اعماله السياسية حذو اهل البيت عليهم السلام والا واجه في عمله السياسي الكثير من الاخطاء التي تجعله مداناً امام ال...

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الإمامة في فكر أهل البيت عليهم السلام لكل نظام سياسي نظرية على أساسها يُخاطب الجمهور المؤمن بالنظرية أو المتعاطف معها، وقبل تولي الحكم ـ عادة أو بعده في بعض الحالات ـ يحاول أرباب السياسة جمع الأتباع حول نظريتهم لتبنيها والدفاع عنها، والإمامة هي المسألة التي كانت على مر العصور مورد الصراع بين المسلمين. واختلفت الآراء في كون الإمامة من شؤون المكلفين لتكون من الفروع ام انها من الشؤون الإلهية فتكون من أصول الدين. وذهبت مدارس أصحاب الحديث والمعتزلة والخوارج إلى كون الإمامة من الفروع لا الأصول. واما عند أهل البيت عليهم السلام فالإمامة من المناصب الإلهية، ودور الإمام الدور المكمل للرسالة والنبوة، ولذا وجب ان يكون الإمام متحلياً بكل الكمالات النفسانية التي يتحلى بها النبي لكي يكون مؤهلاً للقيام بوظائف الإمامة. ...

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المحتويات الإهداء 5 المقدمة 6 الفصل الأول موقف أهل البيت عليهم السلام من السلطة بعد وفاة الرسول صلى الله عليه وآله أ ـ الإمامة في فكر أهل البيت عليهم السلام 15 ب ـ التصدي لمؤامرة حرف المسار السياسي 20 ج ـ المتسلطون والإمامة 24 د ـ آثار فقدان الدستور على الفقه السياسي 30 هـ ـ موقف اهل البيت عليهم السلام 34 تجاه نظرية السلطة في الإمامة 34 خلاصة الفصل الأول 41 الفصل الثاني الاستفادة من الفرصة في بناء القاعدة تمهيد 47 اولاً ـ العملية التربوية في ظل الأحزاب الثلاثة 48 أ ـ العملية التربوية في ظل الحزب القرشي 48 ب ـ العملية التربوية في ظل الحزب الأموي 51 ج ـ العملية التربوية في ظل الحزب العباسي 53 ثانياً ـ العملية التربوية عند الأئمة عليهم السلام 56 أ ـ العملية التربوية قبل تولي امير المؤمنين عليه السلام الحكم 57 ب ـ بناء القاعدة ايام حكم أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام 60 ج ـ بناء القاعدة بعد شهادة أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام 63 د ـ العملية التربوية عند الإمام الصادق عليه السلام 66 أ ـ الحياة السياسية للإمام الصادق عليه السلام 67 ب ـ مواقفه عليه السلام من الحكومات الظالمة 69 1 ـ موقفه عليه السلام من الحكم الأموي 69 2 ـ موقفه عليه السلام من الدولة العباسية 71 3 ـ موقف العباسيين من الإمام الصادق عليه السلام 73 ب ـ بناء ...

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2016大陆社情观察录由俞小明撰写（tel:13777235376)宁波籍贯，

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2016大陆社情观察录由俞小明撰写（tel:13777235376)宁波籍贯，

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诺贝尔和平奖无冕得主邓丽君为何比戴安娜更伟大----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1   大陆『工二代』不及二代农民工 工二代被指出生就有『独生残疾证』------------------------------------------------------------------ 2   企业家为何屡屡招不到像关公一样忠诚的员工？---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3   为信仰禁欲的男人为何总是能够得到熟女的青睐----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4   奥斯卡纪录片杀戮演绎为何让华人世界毛骨悚然？-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5   双独夫妻成丁克族主体的历史根源------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6   临时夫妻不仅仅存在外来务工人员 城镇居民也存在------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7   大陆封建社会以贪治贪的官场生态圈--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8   大陆官场职场文化：拍上司马屁 扇下属耳光 淫知识女性----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9   谁是转基因食安问题的牺牲品？-----------------------------------...

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The present booklet examines two incidents of the Arab Spring. The Arab Spring of Oman and the Arab Spring of Libya. However the emphasis is on the Libyan Arab Spring, and the toppling of the Libyan dictator Muammar Qaddafi in 2011. Qaddafi was a very strongheaded dictator, and somehow he managed to bring everyone against him during the Arab Spring of Libya. The emphasis of the booklet is on why Iran, a traditional ally of Qaddafi, attacked Qaddafi during the Libyan Arab Spring. ...

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Today I decided to write a book, there shall be included a concise part of my cooperation with the White House and the Central Intelligence Agency and Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the IFRC (the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies). A few political leaders of England and France, agents of NSA (The National Security Agency of the United States, which has forbidden me from submitting any secret information) and CIA and Mossad and Shin Bet (Shabak) and USSS (The United States Secret Service) and Microsoft personals have communicated with me, inquiring about what I have now started to write. My life is full of espionage and political memories. When I started my political activities and when I started to fight for freedom of people, I was only 14. I was a teenage boy. An investigative student. It caused that I got tortured (by exposure) extremely hard. I have been all around hell, all around the Globe. I have stayed in Russia; places so cold that your very bones inside of you shriek. Deep down inside the underground city, where you ask yourself “How is it possible for satellites with their warheads to track me...

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It’s about the beginning of the latest century. Inside a calm city, near a warm bed there’s a personal computer near the backdoor on the first floor of a creaky house, a teenage boy is inside. He has heard much gossip about the daily challenges and the everyday complaints which people are confronted by and dealing with. Those people who are the heart, the soul, and the backbone of our society, auctioning their own homes; and their suspicious activities are under supervision in their everyday lives! Just imagine a group of rebels have dropped a woman inside a big hole and they are throwing stones at her head, stones tear the skin of her head and blood covers her face. Before one of the great disasters happens in another country, a group of people who have authority to observe, those whose work we call ‘social engineering’, inside the bubble1, inside top-secret facilities are looking into some jets; the jet pilots keep flying and they crash the jets into a great building! Have you ever thought about why these impressive disasters affect our everyday life, and it may cause so many negative effects, deep in our souls! If someone told yo...

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Acknowledgment White House Foreword Key# President Barack Obama Foreword The Forewords of Two U.S. Army Members Who Are Imprisoned in Iran IFRC Foreword Introduction Dedication by Bill Gates A Few Words from Stephen Hawking Chapter 1 The September 11 Attacks The 99% Secret Surveillance Devices and Big-Brother Times of Being Under Torture for Me and Effects of Social Media for Public Awareness Derangement of Ideologies Threats the U.S. Intelligence Intelligence Cycle Intelligence Cycle (Target-Centric Approach) End of the Second World War, Space Age, the Cold War, and Apollo People in a Stadium Computers & OS My Math Affairs A Bit Is Neither a 0 nor 1 Chapter 2 Obama’s Story (A Short Biography) The Beginning of My Cooperation with the CIA Muslims, Courant, and Rushdie BBC and Propaganda The United Nations Convention Against Torture Muslims, Hussein, Satanists Iranian Understanding of the Western Societies The Passion of Cooperation with the Interpol CPR and Its Three Basic Steps HIV/AIDS Chapter 3 The Attack on the British Embassy in Iran Terror of an Iranian Nuclear Scientist In Remembrance of Mich...

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The following chapters are independent essays written in April and May 2016, and they can be read in any order. The wars for the global resources of oil and natural gas are the topic of most essays. To a large extent, the wars of the 20th and 21st centuries were the result of energy rich countries competing to secure their exports, or the result of energy poor countries competing to secure their access to energy resources. Many episodes of the energy wars of the 20th and 21st centuries are described in the following essays. I.A. 26.5.2016 ...

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This is not a love story; neither is it a story about love... The UglyBeautiful Tale of a Stupid, Stupid Heart is a story, fictitious and real yet imaginatively recounted and recreated anew, about living a lie, a day at a time until death suddenly, fiercely shuts its dark door of mercy, and tramples one upon the vast emptiness. This is especially the case when David and Wairimu, apparently engaged in a forbidden passion, unfortunately finds themselves in the unforgivable, cruel and menacing jaws of death in Runyenjes thanks to a bloodthirsty mob that is on a killing spree and eager to avenge the deaths of their fellow tribesmen butchered earlier in Rift Valley, Kisumu and the Coast. David is a dynamic character whose emotions, attitudes, and temperaments are unfathomable. After betraying his childhood sweetheart, Chebet, and subsequently abandoning her in her most needy hour to face an accusing world after an unexpected pregnancy all by herself, he discreetly falls in love with Wairimu. Wairimu is an exceedingly beautiful, gorgeous, exquisite, marvelous and amazing young woman whose irresistible charms, wit and affection takes his l...

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Still, people laughed, others cried. Some married. As a man with sweet food before him, nobody expected the powers that were to fathom the bitterness of famine! David was getting used to the drama. Nothing was exciting anymore. His past envy for Onyango was much alive now. Perhaps the man was passing some good time in the hereafter. So much was happening...So much for his soul to bear. Learning institutions across the country had to open its gates to tens of thousands of hopeless students very late, and Shiro had no otherwise other than wait for another very long week. David always prayed for his kids not to succumb to the overwhelming wave of disillusionment. Wairimu was yet to return from her rural home in Runyenjes. She had gone back to her rural village to vote and had heard of the chaos targeting the people from her community. He hated politics. He hated politicians. He hated religious leaders. He hated Christians. He hated Muslims. He hated atheists. He hated news people. He hated PNU. He hated ODM. He hated all the hypocrisies, lies, betrayals, tribalism, negative ethnicity, propaganda, and the insatiable appetite for abso...

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It is a well known fact that Holywood is leaning towards socialism. However the financing of this Hollywood socialist propaganda is rarely discussed. The last few years saw some socialist movies like “The Wolf of Wall Street”, “The Promised Land”, “The Big Short” becoming major box office success stories. The question is who is financing this socialist propaganda in the United States, and that’s what this essay is about....

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2、Pacific Book Review http://www.pacificbookreview.com/century-sentence/ Century Sentence: A Diary Written to God Accusing Against All of the World is a sprawling and provocative book by Xu Xue Chun. The book offers an all encompassing range of opinions on everything from China’s political system to European immigration. This book is politically incorrect and proud of it. Century Sentence is a book that willed finitely start passionate discussions among readers. Chun starts off by writing about the nature of good and evil in humans. He believes that good and evil exist in equal amounts in people. He also advocates psychoanalysis to help study the mind as well. Chun moves from the personal aspects of the brain to world history and current world affairs. He writes about the world’s problems being traced to the rise of, Isis, Islam and more tolerance of the LGBT community. Chun also criticizes Western countries that he feels are betraying their core beliefs. He advocates the evangelical Christian view that only Christianity is the one true religion for many people. Chun’s writing is engaging, even if they are presenting theor...

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Submission from PVCHR to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights regarding India for Universal Periodic Review 13th session

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This book I wrote, I presume, in 2013. It is a huge book of epic parameters. The basic underlying theme is the essential difference, planar-languages has with feudal-languages. Feudal languages are quite powerful, in that, the moment they are spoken, the social structure and human relationships change powerfully into a custom-design hierarchy, depending on the language. When planar-languages are spoken, the social system and human relationship shift towards a planar arrangement. For a planar-language social system to experience feudal-language communication is a very creepy experience. Individuals can go berserk. Mental trauma and emotional terrors, which cannot be understood by the native-English, will effect individuals selectively; with the others having no idea that some individuals among them have been effected. This is a very vital piece of information which all native-English nations should understand. For, youngsters, persons engaged in professions which are defined in pejorative usages in feudal-languages, and various others can literally go mentally ill, when accosted or connected with feudal-langu...

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Essence of improving Now this brings us to the essential question of: what is improving others? The easiest ideas would be giving them food, giving them education, giving them dress and such other things. Well, food is an essential requirement. Since the word education is a wide one, for the time being one can say, giving information. Dress is also a part of social living. Well, these are only the minimal things, which only make a person barely sustain himself or herself in social living. These are not the components of improving another person or a group of persons. These are just give the bare essentials to which a citizen of a nation is entitled to, or which he or she acquires by means of work, wealth, pleading, begging, stealing, flattering, sycophancy, representation etc. Improving is another concept altogether. It is the encoding of certain refining codes that allows a person to live with a level of dignity, self-confidence, basic human rights such as: Right to the security of a family life secure from intrusive words of outsiders Right to the security of a family life secure from pejorative indicant words of outs...

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01. INTRODUCTION 02. Essence of improving 03. Command codes in the language software 04. SPONTANEOUS BLOCK TO INFORMATION 05. Forgetting as a social art 06. What the Colonial British faced 07. The third quandary 08. A personal briefing 09. Fifth issue 10. The sixth issue 11. Conceptualising looting 12. Insights from my own training programme 13. A colonial British quandary 14. Entering the world of animals 15. Travails of training 16. Notes on education, bureaucracy etc. in India 17. On to Christian religion 18. The master classes strike back 19. Codes and routes of command 20. The sly stance of feudal indicant codes 21. Pristine English and its faded form 22. How they take the mile! 23. Media as an indoctrination tool 24. How a nation lost its independence 25. Social engineering 26. Social engineering and sex appeal 27. Conceptualising Collective Wisdom 28. Defining feudalism 29. British colonialism versus American hegemony 30. Revolting against a benevolent governance 31. The destination 32. Back again to Travancore 33. Media and its frill sides 34. Online unilateral censorship 35. Codes of mutual...

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If you need to get a divorce this is the way to get what you want.

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The Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies aims to make a substantial contribution to the literature on the Middle East from various perspectives. The Journal offers both original articles to the Turkish and world academia and valuable resources for policy advisors on Turkish foreign policy. The Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies publishes articles both in English and Turkish and welcomes scholars to submit their high standard research in the related social sciences....

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towards women. Yılmaz’s study focuses on the rationale behind the participation of women to ISIS sides despite the former applies a harsh ideological attitude towards women in general. In the second study of the issue, Tunahan Yıldız discusses the Turkomans of Iraq from the perspective of sectarian confrontation and conflict. Nurcan Baklacıoğlu’s study focuses on one of the most vital consequences of the Syrian civil war. Baklacıoğlu focuses on the Syrian women on a quest of reaching Europe while it presents a snapshot of the dramatic journeys of the migrants. In his article, dealing with the Regime Security and Tunisian Foreign Policy, Selim Dursun focuses on the dual relationship between the regime security and foreign policy making in Tunisia where Arab Uprisings had started. The fifth article written by İlhan Aras critically analyzes French politics towards the Middle East during the Arap Uprisings. In the article entitled “Gulf Security Policy based on the US-Saudi-Iranian Cooperation: Double Column Policy”, Hafız Mammadov examines an important period of history between Saudi Arabia and Iran which are prominent actors of the...

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Introduction..............................................................................................vııı Critique of ISIS’ Women Policy Zehra Yılmaz ...........................................................................................13-40 Looking at Sectarian Conflict through an Ethnic Group and a Local Context: The Case of Iraqi Turkmens and Tal Afar Tunahan Yıldız.........................................................................................41-73 Gendering Migration Across Euro-Mediterranean Borders: Syrian Refugee Women on the Way to Europe Nurcan Özgür Baklacıoğlu......................................................................75-101 Regime Security and Tunisian Foreign Policy Selim Dursun...........................................................................................103-135 French Policy Toward the Arab Spring İlhan Aras ...............................................................................................135-167 The USA Security Policy in the Gulf Based on Saudi Arabia-Iran Cooperation: The “Twin Pillars” Policy Hafiz Mammadov..........................................

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Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies is a peer-reviewed journal, which is published twice in a year. The papers sent to the journal are reviewed by at least two referees (if necessary a third referee will also review the articles) and after their approval, they will be sent to the editorial board before being published. The editorial board has right to accept or reject submissions that are papers of symposium, congress, news or book introductions etc. without evaluation of an expert of the board. With its new issue, The Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies continues to better make sense of the recent developments of the region and its people.One primary objective is to present thorough analyses about the Middle Eastern affairs in particular by shedding new insights on Turkey’s now a decade old activism in regional affairs. The Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies publishes academic studies that analyze political, economic and social dynamics and developments of the region. It prefers research written from multi-disciplinary perspectives and from a number of fields: political science, international relations, history,...

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In the first article of the eighth issue, Zehra Yılmaz explains the ISIS policy towards women. Yılmaz’s study focuses on the rationale behind the participation of women to ISIS sides despite the former applies a harsh ideological attitude towards women in general. In the second study of the issue, Tunahan Yıldız discusses the Turkomans of Iraq from the perspective of sectarian confrontation and conflict. Nurcan Baklacıoğlu’s study focuses on one of the most vital consequences of the Syrian civil war. Baklacıoğlu focuses on the Syrian women on a quest of reaching Europe while it presents a snapshot of the dramatic journeys of the migrants. In his article, dealing with the Regime Security and Tunisian Foreign Policy, Selim Dursun focuses on the dual relationship between the regime security and foreign policy making in Tunisia where Arab Uprisings had started. The fifth article written by İlhan Aras critically analyzes French politics towards the Middle East during the Arap Uprisings. In the article entitled “Gulf Security Policy based on the US-Saudi-Iranian Cooperation: Double Column Policy”, Hafız Mammadov examines an important pe...

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Introduction......................................................vııı Critique of ISIS’ Women Policy,Zehra Yılmaz .....................13-40 Looking at Sectarian Conflict through an Ethnic Group and a Local Context: The Case of Iraqi Turkmens and Tal Afar, Tunahan Yıldız...........................................................41-73 Gendering Migration Across Euro-Mediterranean Borders:Syrian Refugee Women on the Way to Europe,Nurcan Özgür Baklacıoğlu .............75-101 Regime Security and Tunisian Foreign Policy,Selim Dursun .......103-134 French Policy Toward the Arab Spring,İlhan Aras ................135-167 The USA Security Policy in the Gulf Based on Saudi Arabia-Iran Cooperation: The “Twin Pillars” Policy,Hafiz Mamadov............169-196 Book Review ....................................................197-200...

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An article on the Federal Bureau of Investigation and their intimidation strategies throughout history.

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Judi Bari (November 7, 1949 – March 2, 1997) was an American environmentalist and labor leader, a feminist, and the principal organizer of Earth First! campaigns against logging in the ancient redwood forests of Northern California in the 1980s and '90s. She also organized efforts through Earth First! – Industrial Workers of the World Local 1 to bring timber workers and environmentalists together in common cause. This article reflects her efforts in the Earth First! movement and the need to strengthen ecofeminist theories within the movement itself....

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From the Editor's page: "The rising level of political violence in El Salvador and the increasing military involvement of the United States began making front-page headlines in this country about five years ago. But as Allan Nairn reports in his carefully researched article, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Pentagon set their intervention in motion much earlier. They have been actively aiding official terror in El Salvador for more than two decades—often in violation of US law, always in violation of Washington's pious rhetoric calling for an end to the violence. Allan Nairn, a twenty eight year old free-lance writer, lives in New York City but has spent much of his time these last four years in Central America. His reporting from the region has been used by such varied outlets as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The New Republic, In These Times, The Guardian of London, Multinational Monitor, and CBS News. Nairn's work on this article, which he hopes to expand into a book, began late last year and included a five-week stay in El Salvador, where he conducted dozens of interviews with military officers, civilian offi...

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From the Editor's page: "The rising level of political violence in El Salvador and the increasing military involvement of the United States began making front-page headlines in this country about five years ago. But as Allan Nairn reports in his carefully researched article, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Pentagon set their intervention in motion much earlier. They have been actively aiding official terror in El Salvador for more than two decades—often in violation of US law, always in violation of Washington's pious rhetoric calling for an end to the violence. Allan Nairn, a twenty eight year old free-lance writer, lives in New York City but has spent much of his time these last four years in Central America. His reporting from the region has been used by such varied outlets as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The New Republic, In These Times, The Guardian of London, Multinational Monitor, and CBS News. Nairn's work on this article, which he hopes to expand into a book, began late last year and included a five-week stay in El Salvador, where he conducted dozens of interviews with military officers, civilian offi...

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Citation: Social Justice Vol. 27, No. 3 (2000): 43-49.