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The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best script not based upon previously published material. It was created for 1940 as a separate writing award from the Academy Award for Best Story. Beginning with the Oscars for 1957, the two categories were combined to honor only the screenplay. In 2002, the name of the award was changed from Writing (Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen) to Writing (Original Screenplay).[1][2]
Noted novelists and playwrights who have received nominations in this category include: John Steinbeck, Noël Coward, Raymond Chandler, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Edward Bond, Arthur C. Clarke, Lillian Hellman, Neil Simon, Tom Stoppard and Terence Rattigan.
The following 77 screenwriters have received multiple nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. This list is sorted by the number of total awards (with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses).[3]
Woody Allen has the most nominations in this category with 16, and the most awards with 3. He also holds the record as the oldest winner (at age 76 for Midnight in Paris, 2011).[4]
Ben Affleck is the youngest winner, at the age of 25 for Good Will Hunting; he co-wrote the screenplay with Matt Damon (age 27 at the time of their award).
Richard Schweizer was the first to win for a foreign-language film, Marie-Louise. Other winners for a non-English screenplay include Albert Lamorisse, Pietro Germi, Claude Lelouch, and Pedro Almodóvar. Lamorisse is additionally the only person to win or even be nominated for Best Original Screenplay for a short film.
Muriel Box was the first woman to win in this category; she shared the award with her husband, Sydney Box. The Boxes are also the first married couple to win in this category. Only three other married couples won an Oscar in another category. They are; Earl W. Wallace and Pamela Wallace (for Original Screenplay), Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh (for Adapted Screenplay and Picture), and Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (for Original Song).
In 1996, Joel Coen and Ethan Coen became the only siblings to win in this category. Francis Ford Coppola (1970) and Sofia Coppola (2003) are the only father-daughter pair to win.
Oliver Stone achieved the same distinction in 1986, for Platoon and Salvador.
Winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees.
Steven Spielberg, Quentin Tarantino, Coen brothers, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese
Academy Award, La Strada, Academy Awards, Rome, Nino Rota
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, Africa Movie Academy Awards, Canadian Screen Awards
Woody Allen, Christopher Nolan, Pulp Fiction, Alexander Payne, Kill Bill
Fårö, Federico Fellini, Cries and Whispers, Fanny and Alexander, Through a Glass Darkly (film)
Woody Allen, Quentin Tarantino, Christopher Nolan, Coen Brothers, Aaron Sorkin
Mel Brooks, New York, Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, Brooklyn, Los Angeles
Francis Ford Coppola, Alexander Payne, Woody Allen, Quentin Tarantino, Spike Jonze