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The crappies ( or )[1][2] are a genus, Pomoxis, of North American freshwater fish in the sunfish family Centrarchidae. Both species in this genus are popular game fish.
The genus name Pomoxis derives from the Greek πώμα (cover, plug, operculum) and οξύς (sharp). The common name (also spelled croppie or crappé), derives from the Canadian French crapet, which refers to many different fishes of the sunfish family. Other names for crappie are papermouths, strawberry bass, speckled bass or specks (especially in Michigan), speckled perch, calico bass (throughout New England),[3] sac-a-lait (in southern Louisiana, lit. "milk bag", an alteration by folk etymology from Choctaw sakli)[4] and Oswego bass.
The currently recognized species in this genus are:[5]
Both species of crappie as adults feed predominantly on smaller species, including the young of their own predators (which include the northern pike, muskellunge, and walleye). They have diverse diets, however, including zooplankton, insects, and crustaceans.[6][7] By day, crappie tend to be less active and will concentrate around weed beds or submerged objects, such as logs and boulders. They feed during dawn and dusk, by moving into open water or approaching the shore.[8][9]
The Pomoxis species are highly regarded game fish and are often considered to be among the best-tasting freshwater fish. Because of their diverse diets, crappie may be caught in many ways, including casting light jigs, trolling with minnows or artificial lures, using small spinnerbaits, or using bobbers. Crappies are also popular with ice-fishers, as they are active in winter.[8][9][10] The current all-tackle fishing world record for a black crappie is 2.25 kg (5.0 lb) and for a white crappie is 2.35 kg (5.2 lb).[11][12]
Angling for crappie is popular throughout much of North America. Methods vary, but among the most popular is called "Spider Rigging," a method characterized by a fisherman in a boat with many long fishing rods pointing away from the angler at various angles like spokes from a wheel.[13] Anglers who employ the Spider Rigging method may choose from among many popular baits. Some of the most popular are plastic jigs with lead jig heads, crankbaits or live minnows.[14] Many anglers also chum or dump live bait into the water to attract the fish to bite their bait. Crappies are also regularly targeted and caught during the spawning period by fly fishermen, and can be taken from frozen ponds and lakes in winter by ice fishing.
A commercial fishery for crappies existed at Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee until 2003. It was one of the few commercial fisheries for crappies.
By information from International Game Fish Association IGFA the most outstanding records:[15]
Language, Fisheries science, Marine conservation, Finfish, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences
Perciformes, Fishing, Nebraska, Biological classification, Animal
Detroit, Ontario, Ohio, Metro Detroit, Indiana
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine
New Orleans, Texas, Mississippi, Gulf of Mexico, Shreveport, Louisiana
Catfish, Chelydridae, Interstate 95, American Civil War, Atlantic Ocean
West Virginia, Jackson County, West Virginia, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, List of West Virginia wildlife management areas, United States
California, Animal, Actinopterygii, North America, United States
West Virginia, Fayette County, West Virginia, List of West Virginia wildlife management areas, United States, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources