Intracranial pressure monitoring

Intracranial pressure monitoring
Diagnostics
ICD-9-CM	01.10
MedlinePlus

The monitoring of intracranial pressure is used in treating severe traumatic brain injury patients. This process is called intracranial pressure monitoring. All current clinical available measurement methods are invasive and use various transducer systems (most used is insertion of a catheter into the cranium). Some non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement methods are currently being studied; these would facilitate diagnostics of traumatic brain injury or other causes of intracranial hypertension without the risks associated with invasive modalities.

When the brain suffers severe trauma it begins to swell inside the skull. If the brain swelling goes undetected and is not treated the brain becomes deprived of oxygen-rich blood and "starves". This secondary injury causes permanent brain damage. As ICP monitoring allows doctors to determine how much swelling the brain has sustained, cerebrospinal fluid can be drained accordingly in order to prevent oxygen deprivation.

In the United States surveys conducted in 1995, 2000 and 2006 have shown that since 1995 (the year the TBI Guidelines were published) ICP Monitoring rose from 32% to 78% in 2005.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ Ghajar, J; Hariri, RJ; Narayan, RK; Iacono, Laura A.; Firlik, Katrina; Patterson, Russel H. (1995), "Survey of critical care management of comatose, head-injured patients in the United States", Crit. Care Med 23 (3): 560–567,

^ Hersdorffer, DC; Ghajar, J; Iacono, Laura (2002), "Predictors of Compliance with the Evidence-Based Guidelines for Traumatic Brain Injury Care: A Survey of United States Trauma Centers", J Trauma 52 (6): 1202–1209,

^ Hersdorffer, DC; Ghajar, J (2007), "Marked improvement in adherence to traumatic brain injury guidelines in United States trauma centers", J Trauma 63 (4): 841–848,

Surgery, Nervous system: neurosurgical and other procedures (ICD-9-CM V3 01–05+89.1, ICD-10-PCS 00–01)

Skull

CNS

Brain

thalamus and globus pallidus:	Thalamotomy Thalamic stimulator Pallidotomy

ventricular system:	Ventriculostomy Suboccipital puncture Intracranial pressure monitoring

cerebrum:	Psychosurgery Lobotomy Bilateral cingulotomy Hemispherectomy Anterior temporal lobectomy

pituitary gland:	Hypophysectomy

hippocampus:	Amygdalohippocampectomy

Brain biopsy

Cerebral meninges

Meningeal biopsy

Spinal cord and spinal canal

Spinal cord and roots
- Cordotomy
- Rhizotomy
Vertebrae and intervertebral discs: see

Cranial and peripheral nerves	Nerve block Vagotomy

Sympathetic nerves or ganglia	Ganglionectomy Sympathectomy Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy

Nerves (general)	Axotomy Neurectomy Nerve biopsy

Diagnostic	Nerve conduction study Electromyography

Medical imaging	Magnetic resonance neurography

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Categories

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Intracranial pressure monitoring