Ivanko of Bulgaria

Ivanko (Bulgarian: Иванко) killed Ivan Asen I, ruler of the renascent Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1196. The murder occurred when Asen angrily summoned Ivanko to discipline him for having an affair with his wife's sister.

In 1197 Ivanko, who was a Vlach according to the terminology used by Niketas Choniates, married Theodora Angelina, the daughter of Anna Angelina and the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos. Theodora's father had died in Bulgarian captivity not many months earlier.

Ivanko, who adopted the Greek name Alexios, fought at first for his grandfather-in-law, the Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos, but afterwards turned against him. He captured the general Manuel Kamytzes in 1198; Kamytzes was ransomed by his son-in-law, Ivanko's rival, Dobromir.

The emperor's sons-in-law Alexios Palaiologos and Theodore Laskaris marched against Ivanko in 1200, and he was eventually captured when Alexios promised not to harm him in a peace council but then took him prisoner.

Sources

O city of Byzantium: annals of Niketas Choniates tr. Harry J. Magoulias (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984) pp. 257–259, 281-285.
Robert Lee Wolff, "The `Second Bulgarian Empire'. Its Origin and History to 1204". Speculum, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Apr., 1949), pp. 167–206. Published by: Medieval Academy of America

Bulgarian monarchs

First Empire (681–1018)	Asparukh Tervel Kormesiy Sevar Kormisosh Vinekh Telets Sabin Umor Toktu Pagan Telerig Kardam Krum Omurtag Malamir Presian I Boris I Vladimir Simeon I Peter I Boris II Roman Samuil Gavril Radomir Ivan Vladislav Presian II

Second Empire (1186–1396)	Ivan Asen I Peter IV Ivanko Kaloyan Boril Ivan Asen II Kaliman I Asen Michael Asen I Kaliman II Asen Mitso Asen Constantine Tikh Ivailo Ivan Asen III George Terter I Smilets Chaka Theodore Svetoslav George Terter II Michael Shishman Ivan Stephen Ivan Alexander Ivan Shishman Ivan Sratsimir

Principality (1878–1908) and Kingdom (1908–1946)	Alexander I Ferdinand I Boris III Simeon II

Rebellions, secession, and autonomous magnates in the Byzantine Empire, 1182–1205

Under Andronikos I Komnenos (1182–1185)	Andronikos Lampardas (Adramyttion) Andronikos Kontostephanos (Asia Minor) Isaac Komnenos (Cyprus) John Komnenos Vatatzes (Philadelphia) Theodore Kantakouzenos (Prussa & Nicaea)

Under Isaac II Angelos (1185–1195)	Theodore and Ivan Asen (Bulgaria) Alexios Branas (Adrianople) Theodore Mangaphas (Philadelphia) Basil Chotzas (Tarsia) Isaac Komnenos (Constantinople) Constantine Tatikios (Constantinople) Pseudo-Alexios (Maeander River, Paphlagonia, Nicomedia)

Under Alexios III Angelos (1195–1203)	Ivanko (Thrace) Dobromir Chrysos (Macedonia) Leo Chamaretos (Laconia) Michael Komnenos Doukas (Phrygia) Leo Sgouros (Argolid and Corinthia) John Spyridonakes (Macedonia) John Komnenos the Fat (Constantinople) Manuel Kamytzes (West Macedonia)

Under Isaac II and Alexios IV Angelos (1203–1204)	Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos (Constantinople) Leo Gabalas (Rhodes)

After the fall of Constantinople (1204–1205)	Sabas Asidenos (Maeander River) Theodore Gabras (Amisus) John Kantakouzenos (Methone) David Komnenos (Paphlagonia) Alexios Komnenos (Trebizond) Michael Komnenos Doukas (Epirus) Theodore Laskaris (Nicaea) Manuel Maurozomes (Phrygia)

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Ivanko of Bulgaria