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Louis Eugène Félix Néel ForMemRS (22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000) was a French physicist born in Lyon.[1] He studied at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon and was accepted at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Science at the University of Strasbourg. He was corecipient (with the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfvén) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for his pioneering studies of the magnetic properties of solids.[3] His contributions to solid state physics have found numerous useful applications, particularly in the development of improved computer memory units. About 1930 he suggested that a new form of magnetic behavior might exist; called antiferromagnetism, as opposed to ferromagnetism. Above a certain temperature (the Néel temperature) this behaviour stops. Néel pointed out (1947) that materials could also exist showing ferrimagnetism. Néel has also given an explanation of the weak magnetism of certain rocks, making possible the study of the history of Earth's magnetic field.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
Néel received numerous awards and honours for his work including:
Owing to his involvement in national defense, particularly through research in the protection of warships by demagnetization against magnetic mines, he received numerous distinctions:
The Louis Néel Medal - awarded annually by the European Geophysical Society is named in Néels honour.
France, Paris, Germany, Italy, Marseille
United Kingdom, European Union, Italy, Canada, Spain
Nobel Prize in Literature, Physics, Nobel Prize, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Peace Prize
École Polytechnique, Grandes écoles, Jean-Paul Sartre, Collège de France, Centrale Graduate School
League of European Research Universities, Aix-Marseille University, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Panthéon-Assas University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, Nobel Prize in Physics, England, Buckinghamshire, Physics
Albert Einstein, Amartya Sen, T. S. Eliot, Milton Friedman, Mario Vargas Llosa
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1635, 1897, 1904
Ferromagnetism, Magnetism, Paramagnetism, Nobel prize, Electron