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Coordinates (Manokwari): 0°52′S 134°5′E / 0.867°S 134.083°E / -0.867; 134.083Coordinates: 0°52′S 134°5′E / 0.867°S 134.083°E / -0.867; 134.083
West Papua Province (Indonesian: Provinsi Papua Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It covers the western peninsula of the island of New Guinea. Its capital is Manokwari and the 2010 census recorded a population of 760,855.[1]
Prior to 2007, the province was known as West Irian Jaya (Indonesian: Irian Jaya Barat). The region covers the Bird's Head (Doberai) and Bomberai peninsulas and the surrounding islands of Raja Ampat.
With a population of 760,855,[1] it is the least populous province of Indonesia.
The capital of West Papua province is Manokwari. The province is administratively divided into twelve regencies (kabupaten) and one autonomous city (kota), listed below with their (provisional) populations at the 2010 Census.
Subsequent to the 2010 Census, two new regencies - South Manokwari Regency (Manokwari Selantan) and Arfak Mountains Regency (Pegunungan Arfak) - were created from parts of the Manokwari Regency, while 4 districts of Manokwari Regency were added to Tambrauw Regency. The 2010 Census figures quoted above for all four of these regencies relate to their area as established in 2013.
Even after Indonesia's independence in 1949, Irian Jaya was retained by the Dutch for various reasons. However, Indonesia claimed all of the territory of the former Dutch East Indies, including the Dutch New Guinea holdings, so it invaded Irian Jaya in 1961. It was agreed that the UN should oversee a plebiscite of the people of West Papua, in which they would be given two choices: to remain part of Indonesia or to become an independent nation. This vote was referred to as the 'Act of Free Choice'. However, the vote was instead conducted by musyawarah, or consensus of elders, with approximatelyTemplate:Efn 1,000 men selected by the Indonesian military. This body was coerced into unanimously voting to remain part of Indonesia, and became the province of Irian Jaya, later Papua. The result of the vote was rejected by Papuan nationalists, who established the Free Papua Movement (OPM). The independence movement for West Papua has continued, primarily through peaceful protest and international pressure, but also guerrilla warfare against Indonesian administration.[3]
West Papua was created from the western portion of Papua province in February 2003, initially under the name of Irian Jaya Barat; it was renamed Papua Barat (West Papua) on 7 February 2007. In November 2004, an Indonesian court agreed that the split violated Papua's autonomy laws. However, the court ruled that because the new province had already been created, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also prohibited the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, as that division had not yet been formalised. The split is in line with the general trend of provincial splits that is occurring in all parts of Indonesia in the post-Suharto era. The new province has so far been widely supported by the province's inhabitants, as the new entity created more jobs and more government subsidies flowing into the province.[4]
The province changed its name to "West Papua" on 7 February 2007. The new name applies from that date, but a plenary session of the provincial legislative council is required to legalise the change of name, and the government needs to then issue a regulation.[5]
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