|
Perinatal mortality
|
|
Classification and external resources
|
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates: United States, 1940-2005
|
|
DiseasesDB
|
24405
|
Perinatal mortality (PNM), also perinatal death, refers to the death of a [1] but other definitions have been used.[2] The UK national figure is about 8 per 1,000 and varies markedly by social class with the highest rates seen in Asian women.
Causes
Preterm birth is the most common cause of perinatal mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths.[3] Infant respiratory distress syndrome, in turn, is the leading cause of death in preterm infants, affecting about 1% of newborn infants.[4] Birth defects cause about 21 percent of neonatal death.[3]
Fetal mortality
Fetal mortality refers to stillbirths or fetal death. It encompasses any death of a fetus after 20 weeks of gestation or 500 gm. In some definitions of the PNM early fetal mortality (week 20-27 gestation) is not included, and the PNM may only include late fetal death and neonatal death. Fetal death can also be divided into death prior to labor, antenatal (antepartum) death, and death during labor, intranatal (intrapartum) death.
Neonatal mortality
Early neonatal mortality refers to a death of a live-born baby within the first seven days of life, while late neonatal mortality covers the time after 7 days until before 28 days. The sum of these two represents the neonatal mortality. Some definitions of the PNM include only the early neonatal mortality. Neonatal mortality is affected by the quality of in-hospital care for the neonate. Neonatal mortality and postneonatal mortality (covering the remaining 11 months of the first year of life) are reflected in the Infant Mortality Rate.
Perinatal Mortality Rate
The PNMR refers to the number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births. It is usually reported on an annual basis. It is a major marker to assess the quality of health care delivery. Comparisons between different rates may be hampered by varying definitions, registration bias, and differences in the underlying risks of the populations.
PNMRs vary widely and may be below 10 for certain developed countries and more than 10 times higher in developing countries [1]. The WHO has not published contemporary data.
See also
References
-
^ http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/maternal/maternal_perinatal/en/
-
^ Richardus JH, Graafmans WC, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Mackenbach JP (January 1998). "The perinatal mortality rate as an indicator of quality of care in international comparisons".
-
^ a b March of Dimes --> Neonatal Death Retrieved on November 10, 2014
-
^ Rodriguez RJ, Martin RJ, and Fanaroff, AA. Respiratory distress syndrome and its management. Fanaroff and Martin (eds.) Neonatal-perinatal medicine: Diseases of the fetus and infant; 7th ed. (2002):1001-1011. St. Louis: Mosby.
-
^ http://www.savethechildren.org/atf/cf/%7B9def2ebe-10ae-432c-9bd0-df91d2eba74a%7D/ENDING-NEWBORN-DEATHS.PDF
-
^ http://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/family/birth/million-babies-die-a-year-charity-1.1653041#.Uw791uNUCKU
-
^ http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/02/25/nigeria-pakistan-india-lead-the-world-in-infant-deaths/
External links
-
WHO 2005 report
-
European Perinatal Health Report 2010
|
|
|
|
Maternal factors and
complications of pregnancy,
labour and delivery
|
|
|
|
Length of gestation
and fetal growth
|
|
|
|
|
Birth trauma
|
|
|
|
|
By system
|
|
|
|
|
Infectious
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This article was sourced from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. World Heritage Encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers, Open Access Publishing, and in compliance with The Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR), Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Public Library of Science, The Encyclopedia of Life, Open Book Publishers (OBP), PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, and USA.gov, which sources content from all federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government publication portals (.gov, .mil, .edu). Funding for USA.gov and content contributors is made possible from the U.S. Congress, E-Government Act of 2002.
Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. World Heritage Encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the World Public Library Association, a non-profit organization.