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This Volume 1 of Part II considers the factors that make science progress. It lays out the differences between normal science and pseudoscience by showing the importance of the scientific method in the advancement of science. It introduces the concept of Truth in science by raising the point that even though truth is based on the scientific method, can science be true? Can it depict reality? The author focuses on modern science, which, he thinks, was born thanks to the Scientific Revolution which started with Galileo Galilei and led to the Industrial Revolution. The impacts of the latter is analyzed in light modernism, modernization, and modernity, all three linked to scientific progress. The book also talks about the Newtonian scientific leap – by analyzing particularly the then social and political fabrics of England – and Albert Einstein by showing how he changed history. According to the author, our very physical world can help us understand scientific progress. So, he explains, among other things, the structure of atoms and molecules, the role of physics in the understanding of our universe, Quantum Mechanics, and the importanc...

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Science is often distinguished from other domains of human culture by its progressive nature: in contrast to art, religion, philosophy, morality, and politics, there exist clear standards or normative criteria for identifying improvements and advances in science. However, the traditional cumulative view of scientific knowledge was effectively challenged by many philosophers of science in the 1960s and the 1970s, and thereby the notion of progress was also questioned in the field of science. Debates on the normative concept of progress are at the same time concerned with axiological questions about the aims and goals of science. The task of philosophical analysis is to consider alternative answers to the question: What is meant by progress in science? This conceptual question can then be complemented by the methodological question: How can we recognize progressive developments in science? Relative to a definition of progress and an account of its best indicators, one may then study the factual question: To what extent, and in which respects, is science progressive? What is driving the dynamism of science? Why are science and man inse...

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Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 CHAPTER I: What Is Science?...........................................................................................................................................................................................13 1. Types of Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..17 A. Normal Science and Scientific Progress……………………………………………………………...……….........................17 B. Pseudoscience and Scientific Progress………………………………………………………………………………………….20 2. The Role of Scientific Method in Scientific Progress…………………………………………………………………..........................24 CHAPTER II: Science and the Quest for Truth……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….28 Values in Science…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..37 CHAPTER III: The Scientific Revolution………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..40 CHAPTER IV: The Industrial Revolution……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….52 1. Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on the World..………………………………………………………...

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Ceenom: The Mandate is the abstract of “Ceenom: The Message”, to be published soon. Such a phase happens just once. Wisdom of utmost significance relating science and humanity gets revealed exposing the causal basis behind everything. Confirming all phases of knowledge from first human brought by prophets, reformers, visionaries, scientists and thinkers, it discloses with logical evidence why human stands distinct with intellect from the rest of species, why Earth exists with its myriad species, nature and ecology, is kept in solar system with its lively habitat, and why humankind is included in this habitat. Its realm includes bases of hue and maths, particles and cells, species and planets, stars and galaxies, water and air, in short everything. We learn now the physical and functional characteristics of atoms, cells, species, natural phenomena, solar system, galaxies and dark energy. It’s possible to decode the encoded primal reasons of why each object and species formed and functions thus. Just as travelling to infinities of universe, we read here about the journey to infinities of the intellect. Knowing how an object forms and ...

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The Message exposes profound facts about the cause for the evolution of the physical world and its living species that haven’t appeared to any of the existing ways of thought. This phase is distinct for the human from first presence until now, marks the end of the present phase and the beginning of a phase supported by science, intellectual thinking and a firm causal basis.Message Ceenom is the abstract of “Ceenom: The Message”, to be published soon. Such a phase happens just once. Wisdom of utmost significance relating science and humanity gets revealed exposing the causal basis behind everything. Confirming all phases of knowledge from first human brought by prophets, reformers, visionaries, scientists and thinkers, it discloses with logical evidence why human stands distinct with intellect from the rest of species, why Earth exists with its myriad species, nature and ecology, is kept in solar system with its lively habitat, and why humankind is included in this habitat. Its realm includes bases of hue and maths, particles and cells, species and planets, stars and galaxies, water and air, in short everything. We learn now the phys...

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The preliminary idea behind translational medicine, conducting biological research to treat diseases, is not a new concept. But, scientists have been serious about placing the patient at all levels of the research process – right at the basic science level phase and all the way to the bedside – since only the 1990s. Today, translational research is a scientific field, although multidisciplinary. That innovation stemmed from the discoveries of new diseases and new technologies that allow healthcare professionals to have new perspectives on how to better and more efficiently treat patients. Translational medicine is viable, and it has already proved itself in many areas. Normally, every great discovery or innovation comes with both rewards and challenges, and continuous improvement is what keeps it alive. Translational research, an innovative concept, is not impervious to that rule. This paper examines the antecedents of translational medicine and how it came about. It considers the importance of incorporating basic science, applied science or clinical research, and the patient at every turn of the processes by analyzing the importanc...

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Translational medicine or translation research is an umbrella term that covers specific research in biological sciences whose main goal is to increase human life expectancy by keeping us healthy (from better ideas to better health). It’s synonymous with translational medical science, disease-targeted research, or evidence-based research. Translation research is particular because of its bidirectional nature. It’s commonly called the B2B approach or bench to bedside approach because it incorporates clinical skills and observations as well as scientific hypotheses utilized by researchers in the laboratories. The whole concept functions in a loop: bench to bedside and back. It translates knowledge, skills, or science from one place to another not only by focusing on the traditional 4P-Medicine – personalization, prevention, prediction, and participation – but also by taking into consideration another 3 Ps: providing (staff training), preemptive (research and development), and point of care (making sure that healthcare can be given anytime anywhere). Because of that, translational medicine can be viewed as a paradigm shift. This revolut...

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Summary..…………………………………………………………………………………………3 1. From astrological and herbal medicines to translational medicine…………………………....3 Bridge to modern translational research………………………………………………………….4 a. Before the 21st century…………………………………………………………………....4 b. In the 21st century………………………………………………………………………....5 2. What is translational medicine?.................................................................................................6 a. Historical perspective and origin of translational medicine………………………………7 b. Modern view and definition of translational medicine……………………………………7 c. Characteristics and processes of translational research…………………………………...8 3. Importance of translational medicine…………………………………………………………10 a. Why does translational medicine matter?..........................................................................10 b. Direct applications of translational research……………………………………………..11 • The pharmaceutical industry…………………………………………………………11 • Neuroscience…………………………………………………………………………13 • Cancer treatment……………………………………………………………………..14 • Medical robotics……………………………………………………………………...15 4. Barriers to tran...

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Данная книга по бадминтону написана специалистом, Заслуженным трене- ром России с большим практическим опытом работы. Впервые в специальной книге по бадминтону освещены вопросы многолетней системы спортивного отбора, теории физического воспитания, развития двигательных качеств, воз- растные сензитивные периоды развития, система отбор-прогнозирование- моделирование и обучение технике игры. Подробно и глубоко рассмотрены во- просы системы тренировок по технической подготовке. Дано определение ка- тегории двигательной техники передвижения и ударной техники. Даны новые схемы и таблицы взаимосвязи технических приёмов и способов передвижений, объединение их в единую систему. Впервые в литературе представлены новые особенности и требования к технической подготовке в связи с современными правилами бадминтона, увеличением скорости и интенсивности спортивной игры. Приведены и обоснованы новые требования к техническим элементам спортивной подготовки, особенности техники удара слева сверху, приземления игрока после удара в прыжке, передвижения в глубоком выпаде, защитная так- тика в активной игровой стойке и т.д. Книга представля...

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The electric book introduces the construction of hard disk, the theory of data saving, construction of file system, the reasons of data lost and the examples of data recovery in detail. For more information visit http://www.easeus.com ...

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* Un somer a fost acuzat de abuz în serviciu. * Daca au vazut ca nu pot câstiga meciul nici în ruptul capului, au început cu ruptul picioarelor. * Au fost invitati la masa în acelasi timp: unul – la masa de prânz, si celalalt – la masa de operatie. * Pesimistul sta în eclipsa, optimistul – cu ochii în soare, iar realistul sta sub umbrela. * La capatul aceluiasi drum, pe unu-l astepta succesul, iar pe celalalt – esecul. Mersesera în sens diferit....

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The design and production of this Photographic Corrosion Failures is based on actual failures which occur during operation process. During the years of installation of gas service of equipment’s, many failures have been occurred in different parts. Due to variation of materials in several parts, different aspects of failure can be investigated. First of all we collect these failed parts and categorized them according to failure types. To earn this purpose, we shall learn about the concept of any failure and introduce failed samples consequently. Any case history shows the conditions of any component and also the solution for any specific type. Furthermore the prevention requirements of any case have been shown at the end of any section....

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Health benefits, cancer fighting qualities and many other medicinal advantages can be attributed to the Cannabis Plant. Likewise, diseases and disorders are also related to smoking, vaping and ingesting components of the Cannabis Plant. Cannabis users should be aware and well informed regarding both the positive effects and the negative consequences of regular Cannabis use and this eBook accomplishes that goal by employing over 650 current peer reviewed reports and studies—and their findings— with active hyper links to each report....

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Increasing prevalence of recreational cannabis use among the young population has stimulated debate on the possible effects of acute and longterm use. Cannabinoids derived from herbal cannabis interact with endogenous cannabinoid systems in the body. Actions on specific brain receptors cause dose-related impairments of psychomotor performance with implications for car and train driving, airplane piloting and academic performance. Other constituents of cannabis smoke carry respiratory and cardiovascular health risks similar to those of tobacco smoke. Cannabis is not, as widely perceived, a harmless drug but poses risks to the individual and to society. Herbal cannabis contains over 400 compounds including over 100 cannabinoids, which are aryl-substituted meroterpenes unique to the plant genus Cannabis. The pharmacology of most of the cannabinoids is largely unknown but the most potent psychoactive agent, (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol Δ9-THC, or THC), has been isolated, synthesised and much studied. Other plant cannabinoids include Δ8-THC, cannabinol and cannabidiol. These and other cannabinoids have additive, synergistic or antagonisti...

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Chapter One • 2016 Peer Review • 142 Reports • Page 12 Chapter Two • 2015 Peer Review • 109 Reports • Page 162 Chapter Three • 2014 Peer Review • 67 Reports • Page 277 Chapter Four • 2013 Peer Review • 31 Reports • Page 358 Chapter Five • 2012 Peer Review • 31 Reports • Page 393 Chapter Six • 1964 to 2011 • 281 Reports • Page 428 End Notes * Page 754 ...

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Fluoridated water only prevents tooth decay in adolescents. Continued use of fluoridated water results in dental fluorosis or decay. Fluoridated water also lowers IQ and causes a myriad of diseases and disorders. Learn the facts and understand how to mitigate exposure....

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There’s no way to measure your total daily fluoride intake. If, for example, you cook a meal of pasta with meatballs, include a fresh salad with a glass of juice, wine or soda and then have a piece of fruit afterwards, how much fluoride did you take in exactly? Then add the fluoride you consume brushing your teeth twice a day—and fluoride is far more dangerous to the developing brains of small children as you’ll soon see—and you have no way of knowing how much fluoride you’ve consumed. Fluoride is bio-accumulative. If we could simply urinate or defecate consumed fluoride out of our bodies every day we could all be eating fluoride candy bars without ill effects. That’s simply not the case. Your body collects and stores fluoride molecules in a variety of organs including the brain. Several peer reviewed reports included in this eBook indicate that children between 2 and 4 years old consume somewhere between 57% and 104% of the daily maximum allowable fluoride intake as recommended by the Institute of Medicines 1997 report titled “Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride,” by simply brush...

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Every parent longs for their child to grow up with right values. To raise children with good values, firstly, don’t do that which you, yourself, don’t like, in front of them. If you learn how to be a ‘gardener’ & are able to recognize prakrutis (non-Self complexes) within the home, then your ‘garden’ will flourish beautifully! Taking too much care of child may make him crippled. A child learns a lot from parents’ worldly interaction. If parents understand balance of where to place boundaries, where to encourage & where to discourage, then the child will not get spoiled. In current edition, not only are there solutions provided for various problems faced by parents, but they have also been given keys to improve themselves in life. Param Pujya Dada Bhagwan’s art of worldly interactions & art of knowledge prove to be very useful in understanding value of worldly relationships. It not only takes us out of worldly problems but also through Knowledge of Self, helps us towards liberation....

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My improbable life. Polio, disability, crime, academic excellence, university. California 1968, LSD, Mexico, Federal police India, study music,, study meditation, 10 years of travel England, care worker, Science teacher, meditation host, wife and daughter, death but not yet!...

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Lunch break, and Mr. McDonalds’s Physics lab is almost full, mostly girls, an’ definitely no teachers. I’m standing behind the front bench, a fish-tank on the right, my trusty assistant John on the left. Grabbing a large goldfish from the tank, I stuff it in my mouth, and swallow. It’s wiggly and a somewhat gritty, but down she goes. Just takes concentration, and a little practice. The girls start screaming. A few break for the door. When things settle down we all leave. Seems nobody’s too keen on lunch. The next day, McDonald puts a sign on the fish-tank. Please Do Not Eat The Fish Just a minute. What really happened here? Nope, there was no slight of hand. The fish truly did go down, albeit with difficulty. However, we’d prepared carefully. Several days before I had a test run, ate a few, and knew I could do it. John went ‘round the school taking bets. The money was more or less an admission fee. I wonder why so many girls, and did they get their 50 cents worth? Gotta smile just thinking about it. Bloody outrageous! By the way, why didn’t someone confront me? The story must have shot ‘round the school. Probably too bizarre. Anyway...

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Difficult Journey, Selling Blood, Infested with Lice Life model in Germany Going Straight Working with disadvantaged children Ten years teaching Science in rough Bristol comprehensive Marriage, one daughter Twenty-six years hosting Meditation Group in Bristol Death not yet confirmed...

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At School eBook Library we believe that reading eBooks on smart devices or computers is the most effective way to engage young readers today.

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Our goal is to create lifetime readers-Graduates who continue to read and educate themselves throughout their adult lives

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The book is a socio-economic manifesto from an artist's perspective. It forces the reader to look again at the current models in place while planting the seed for a new paradigm in the public realm....

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PROLOGUE 1. The purpose of this discourse is to make assumptions, provide generalized statements and explanations based on facts, raise awareness and with some imagination provide a thoretical concept for an abstract direction. 2. The manifesto is a selective aggregate of capitalism, socialism and communism. It adheres to utilitarianism while recognizing the human condition. The requirement of some form of rules and regulations are generally agreed as necessary. However, the term “government” in this manifesto refers to the people and not a disparate entity. 3. The planet is ecologically and environmentally sagging under the weight of the humanity’s footprint. Therefore, a proposal of fundamental adjustments, including the redistribution of the human populous with disregard to the axiological, is necessary for sustainability. 4. There is a substantial economic and literary contrast amongst the people of the world due to the restrictions imposed on the freedom of movement. One of the objectives is to propose an egalitarian alternative to eliminate this disparity. 5. Establishment of interdependence rather than independence albe...

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The letters are directed to her fiancee (and later husband) Domenico Comparetti, a leading philologist of his time, as well as to the educator Adolfo Pick....

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Introduzione Parte prima (16 aprile 1863-20 luglio 1863) Parte seconda (1864-1884)

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Those seeking to lead a spiritual life inevitably face challenges in their pursuit of spirituality and practice. As spiritual development progresses, facing one’s faults, failures, and unintentional mistakes become disconcerting – even for the most sincere seeker. One may then ask, “What are the benefits of the different types of religion? From the many religions of the world, which practices will accelerate my spiritual growth? In actuality, how to live exactly?” In the book “The Essence of All Religion”, Gnani Purush ((the enlightened one) Dada Bhagwan clarifies any confusion about religion vs. spirituality. Dadashri offers the essential extract of spiritual science and religion in the form of Nine Kalams (highest spiritual intents). He explains that the Nine Kalams are the essence of the highest teaching of the religions of the world and the simplest, most direct means to live in peace. The spiritual guidance available in this book is both unique and unparalleled....

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By the end of this book, you will be familiar with the programming world, be able to write a Java class and instantiate (create) objects that represent these classes and put them into action. You will be able to write a professional code and to deal with code written by others. The topics are tied together, and built on each other, so, if this is your first time with Java, it is recommended to read the chapters in the same sequence they are presented in the book. We...

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Is this book for me, do I need to read_the_book? 1. If these are your first steps to Java, then read_the_book = yes. 2. If you are not looking for a reference, but for a book that will help you understand the world of Object Oriented Programming beside Java, then read_the_book = yes. 3. If you want to focus on the 20% knowledge that will help you to do 80% of tasks required, then read_the_book = yes. If you are looking for a pile of real world scenarios and training, then read_the_book = yes....

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Bird’s View • Software development life cycle (SDLC)……….…06 • Approaches to develop SDLC…………………………..08 • Object Oriented features………………………….…….14 • Java features………………………………………….……….16 • Requirements of a good program…………………...19 01 2 Class/Object 22 3 Mapping • map class to Java code…………………………………….35 • map class data members to Java code…………….36 • map class method members to Java code……….40 • Method signature……………………………………………48 • deprecated methods……………………………………...49 • passing Java arguments…………………………………..49 33 4 Java Tools 52 5 Problem solving 66 6 Simple-Level Logic • Type casting…………………………………………………...77 • Local variables………………………………………….…….78 • Simple operations…………………………………………..82 • Arithmetic operators……………………………….……..83 75 7 Moderate-Level Logic • Relation operators……………………………………..….091 • Equality operators………………………………….………091 • Conditional operators……………………………….…..091 • packaging……………………………………………………….097 • increment/decrement operators……………….….101 • Conditional statements • if………………………………….091 • switch…………………….……112 • ?:…………………………….…..115 • looping statements • for………………………………...117 • whil...

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A science café is a conference upside-down. The location is where people, and not experts are at home; ina café, in a pub, in a public place. The discussion is driven by the public, and the experts are asked to follow it. In this book we shall try to examine several aspects of this participation practice....

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What is a science café The SciCafé project How to start a café Technology for a science café Scenarios Into the world

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The Path of Splitness is a major non fiction work of 1,868 pages: This is the latest revised version. The book analyzes and explains: 1: The origins of our Universe: where it came from and how it was created. 2: Basic aspects and dynamics of the Organic Universe and Organic Life. 3: The origins of modern humans going back 25 million years. 4: Human Psycho-biology. 5: The beginnings of civilization. 6: The effect of civilization upon humans. 7: Death, the existence of evil and its effect on humans. Offered as a free E-book at: http://thepathofsplitness.com/ ...

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Chapter 1: The Universe. Pgs 1-112 How the Universe came into being. Chapter 2: Life Pgs 113-131 Structural dynamics of the Universe and Life Chapter 3: Hominids Pgs 132-187 A: How we evolved into Humans Pgs 188-222 B: Summary of Hominid-Human Development Chapter 4: Modern Human Dynamics Pgs 223-266 Human Psycho-biologic Totality. Chapter 5: Modern Humans: Pgs 267-299 The Transition from Hunter-gatherers to Settlements Chapter 6: Civilization Pgs 300-704 A: The Beginnings of Civilization Pgs 705-1474 B: The Effect of Civilization on Humans Pgs 1475-1868 Chapter 7: Entities and the Alternative ...

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An Improved Form for Natural Convection Heat Transfer Correlations, Strojniski vestnik?Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51(2005)7-8, pp 374-378

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In this current article we are analyzing in detail, T-symmetry (time reversal transformation) and P-symmetry (spatial inverse transformations) phenomenons in Armenian Theory of Relativity in one dimensional physical space. For that purpose we are referring and using our previous articles results, especially in the case of research mirror reflection phenomena (spatial inversion) where we are mostly referring to our main research article, published in Armenia on June 2013 (96 pages). We are delighted to know that Armenian Theory of Relativity has passed the first phase of total ridicule and now is in the phase of active discussion in scientific communities across the world. This article can be considered as an answer to the physicists who criticize the Armenian Theory of Relativity by saying that the Armenian relativistic transformations and formulas are not an invariant under time-reversal transformation and therefore Armenian Theory of Relativity is wrong. In the first section of our article we are showing that in the case of time-reversal, Armenian Theory of Relativity is in full agreement with legacy physics and therefore...

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Abstract Introduction Only Time Reversal Phenomena Consideration Definition of Opposite Inertial Systems Only Space Reversal Phenomena Consideration Conclusions References...

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The aim of this current article is to illustrate in detail Armenian relativistic formulas and compare them with Lorentz relativistic formulas so that readers can easily differentiate these two theories and visualize how general and rich our Armenian Theory of Special Relativity really is with a spectacular build in asymmetry. Then we are going behind this comparison and illustrating that build in asymmetry inside Armenian Theory of Special Relativity is reincarnating the aether as a universal reference medium, which is not contrary to relativity theory. We mathematically prove the existence of aether and we show how to extract infinite energy from the time-space or sub-atomic aether medium. Our theory explains all these facts and peacefully brings together followers of absolute aether theory, relativistic aether theory or followers of dark matter theory. We also mention that the absolute aether medium has a very complex geometric character, which has never been seen before. We are explaining why NASA’s earlier "BPP" and DARPA’s "Casimir Effect Enhancement" programs failed. We are also stating that the time is right to reopen NA...

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Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Legend of the Used Symbols 3. Comparison Armenian and Lorentz Relativistic Formulas 4. Conclusions

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Two clumps of matter pass through each other without sharing space; In some cases the colliding clumps of matter appear to deepen their distance even as they pass through each other. Clumps of a few hundred thousand lithium atoms that are cooled to within one-millionth of a degree above absolute zero a temperature so cold that the atoms march in lockstep and act as a single matter wave. The Interaction of light with matter has long been a field of interest for many quantum physicists, however, depends upon the field of interaction plus the form of interaction. I've found it to be much better to look at not as a phenomenon but as something of a paradox, whether the audience find it tangible or not, this might probably be the best starting point if one wish to have million ways to see quantum theory in its entirety....

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The first volume of the catalogue in Thomas Jefferson's private collection.

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Among the plans proposed by the Library for the Jefferson Bicentennial was the publication of a catalogue of the library of Thomas Jefferson. It is a widely known fact that Jefferson's Library was purchased by Act of Congress in 1815 to replace the original library lost in the burning of the capital in 1814. At the Time of purchase the Jefferson library, certainly the finest collection in private hands in the United States, comprised more than six thousand volumes; today, unfortunately, as a result of fire and the inescapable forfeits to time, only approximately a third of the collection survives....

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A line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model....

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Preface III Contents IV Planetary orbits in Solar and Extrasolar systems (A. Rubcic & J. Rubcic) Fizika A, 19 no.3, 2010...................1 Areal velocities of planets and their comparison (P. Pintr, V. Per\inova% , A. Luks\) unpubl. 2011...................15 Distribution of distances in solar system (P. Pintr, V. Perinova , A. Luks) Chaos , Soliton, Fractals 2007...................27 New cosmological model of universe and possible quantization of the Hubble parameter (P.Pintr) unpublished paper, Dec. 2011...................39 Do we really understand the solar system? (M. Pitkanen) Nov. 27th 2011...................50 Inflation and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 10th 2011...................70 QCD and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 19th 2011...................78 Quantum arithmetics and the relationship between real and p-adic physics (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 12th 2011...................94 A blind pilot: who is super-luminal observer? (D. Rabounski) Progress in Physics Vol.2, 2008................126 Scientist deduced the existence of particles with faster-than-light speeds recently discovered by CERN. (I. Patrascu) Progress in Physics Vol.4, 20...

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Beginning in 1971 with research conducted in the Northern Territory of Australia, the book presents an integrated story through research conducted in the northern highlands of Thailand and much of the developing world, with an emphasis on Asia. With the benefit of 40 years hindsight, a uniting theme in the work is elicited, which progressively integrates broader aspects of personal development, some of which are alluded to in the text. The initial works tend to be routine technical experiments, which gradually give way to contextual works, development experiences and holistic appreciation of the role of agricultural science. Half of the chapters include a personal reflective comment, which becomes integrated with the research itself as the thesis develops, until it culminates in an embracing final observation of the real outcomes of four decades in the service of agricultural science. Forty years of research and development reveals how international aid can be more effective by integrating reductionist approaches into the multi-disciplinary context of international agricultural development. Thus integration of technical, soci...

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Table of Contents Page About this Book iii Acknowledgements viii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Numbered List of Papers Included in this Collation 9 Chapter 2 - A Different Concept of Agricultural Research for Development A Contextual Summary 12 Chapter 3 - Technological Support to Development Overview 17 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 3 17 Discussion 19 A Personal Comment Looking Back 31 Chapter 4 - Thai Agriculture Overview 34 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 4 34 Discussion 35 A More Personal Comment Looking Back 47 Chapter 5 - International Agriculture Overview 49 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 5 50 Discussion 51 A More Personal Comment Looking Back 61 Re-Cultivating Agricultural Science: 40 Years of Professional Life – Lindsay Falvey x Chapter 6 - Agricultural Education Overview 65 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 6 66 Discussion 66 A More Personal Comment Looking Back 80 Chapter 7 - Is ‘Sustainability’ the Answer? Overview 84 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 7 85 Discussion 85 Chapter 8 - Holistic Considerations: Sustainability Science in Context Religion ...

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As an alternative to the existing logics we propose the Neutrosophic Logic to represent a mathematical model of uncertainty, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, undefined, unknown, incompleteness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It is a non-classical logic. Eksioglu (1999) explains some of them: “Imprecision of the human systems is due to the imperfection of knowledge that humain receives (observation) from the external world. Imperfection leads to a doubt about the value of a variable, a decision to be taken or a conclusion to be drawn for the actual system. The sources of uncertainty can be stochasticity (the case of intrinsic imperfection where a typical and single value does not exist), incomplete knowledge (ignorance of the totality, limited view on a system because of its complexity) or the acquisition errors (intrinsically imperfect observations, the quantitative errors in measures).”...

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Kahea Loko is "the call of the pond. " From the ocean currents surging through the stone-walled channels to the excited cries of haumana (students) discovering fishpond life, the loko ia (fishpond) calls to us in many ways. From the broad perspective of the ahupuaa (major land division), the loko ia helps us to appreciate the connection between land and sea and to experience the rhythm of tides and seasons. From an intimate perspective, the pond leads us to discover how the tiniest life forms fit into the web of pond life. The loko ia calls to us to honor the values, traditions, and achievements of Hawaiian kupuna (ancestors) so that we may incorporate these into our own lives. These kupuna had the highest regard for the loko ia believing in the interrelationship of all things: sky and earth; ocean and land; land and human; human and gods. "The Hawaiian and all other natural forms of his world were the beneficiaries of this primal cadence and flowed with the rhythm of the universe" (Kanahele, 1997). The Hawaiians' intimate knowledge of life cycles, seasonal rhythms, and tides and currents was the foundation for the remarkable...

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"Let that which is unknown become known. " John Papa Ii (1959) Let us not allow the broken walls of the loko ia (fishponds) to separate us from that which was known and practiced in the past. The foundations of the walls are still evident, as are the wisdom and knowledge of our kupuna. The reflections of the sun, moon, and stars upon our waters are as old as time. Let these be beacons of light to guide our haumana (students) to these ponds of knowledge. Let us help them rebuild the walls of these living resources where they can gather, as did the pua ia (fish fry), to grow and be nurtured. With education and inspiration, the legacy of our ancestors can be preserved and passed on to future generations, a mau a mau, (forever and ever)....

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Unit Introduction. 1-1 -- Grades 4 - 5 Unit at a Glance. 1-5 -- Loko Ia. 1-7 -- Mauka to Makai: The Ahupuaa. 1-31 -- Grades 6 - 8 Unit at a Glance. 1-35 -- Pacific Patterns: Traditional Fishing and Land Use. 1-37 -- From Fishtraps to Fishponds. 1-49 -- Grades 9 - 12 Unit at a Glance. 1-61 -- He Aina Momona: A Land Sweet and Fertile. 1-63 -- Ka Hana Noeau a na Kupuna: The Wise Deeds of Our Ancestors. 1-71 -- Unit Introduction. 2-1 -- Grades 4 - 5 Unit at a Glance. 2-3 -- Recipe for a Fishpond. 2-5 -- Lokahi Game. 2-11 -- Grades 6 - 8 Unit at a Glance. 2-21 -- Seasons and Tides: Marine Responses to Celestial Changes. 2-25 -- Kai Moku: The Turn of the Tide. 2-43 -- Grades 9 - 12 Unit at a Glance. 2-65 -- Passing on the Energy. 2-67 -- Investigating Interrelationships. 2-73 -- Unit Introduction. 3-1 -- Grades 4 - 5 Unit at a Glance. 3-5 -- Engineering Ingenuity. 3-7 -- Catch It! Grow It!. 3-11 -- Haku Mele Aloha: Composing in Hawaiian. 3-21 -- Grades 6 - 8 Unit at a Glance. 3-29 -- Whose Kuleana Is It Anyway. 3-31 -- Fishpond Fall. 3-57 -- Grades 9 - 12 Unit at a Glance. 3-77 -- Learning From the Past. 3-79 -- Huli Kanaka. 3-87 -- Unit ...

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This monograph is based on a large-scale study among youth in Bangalore, the metropolitan capital of Karnataka. It elaborates various aspects related to tobacco use among youth: consumption of tobacco; perceptions of tobacco use and tobacco users; individual, social and environmental correlates of tobacco use; and status of prevailing tobacco control measures. Apart from the study findings, the monograph reviews and summarises the current literature and provides a nation-wide glimpse of these issues. It concludes by providing some pertinent suggestions on reducing tobacco use among youth....

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1 INTRODUCTION Background and Rationale Aim and Objectives 2 METHODS Study Design and Sampling Data Collection and Analysis Ethical Considerations Sample Characteristics 3 YOUTH AND TOBACCO USE Tobacco Consumption Spending on Tobacco Consumption 4 PERCEPTIONS ABOUT TOBACCO USE Benefits and Harms of Tobacco Use Perceptions About Tobacco Users Attitudes Towards Future Tobacco Use 5 CORRELATES OF TOBACCO USE Reasons for Uptake of Tobacco Use Reasons for Refraining from Tobacco Use Tobacco Use and Use of Other Illicit Substances 6 TOBACCO CONTROL MEASURES Prohibition of Smoking in Public Places Regulation of Tobacco Sale Media Promotion of Tobacco Use Role of the Educational Institutions in Tobacco Control Students’ Suggestions for Tobacco Control 7 RECOMMENDATIONS Role of Educational Institutions in Tobacco Control Strengthening the Implementation of Tobacco Control Legislation...

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Progress in Physics has been created for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a brief review of a problem and obtained results. All submissions should be designed in LATEX format using Progress in Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accepted for the online issue of Progress in Physics is printed in the paper version of the journal. To order printed issues, contact Chief Editor. This journal is non-commercial, academic edition. It is printed from private donations....

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According to the Dictionary of Mathematics (Borowski and Borwein, 1991 [1]), the paradox is “an apparently absurd or self-contradictory statement for which there is prima facie support, or an explicit contradiction derived from apparently unexceptionable premises”....

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The present book discusses, among other things, various quantization phenomena found in Astrophysics and some related issues including Brownian Motion. With recent discoveries of exoplanets in our galaxy and beyond, this Astrophysics quantization issue has attracted numerous discussions in the past few years. Most chapters in this book come from published papers in various peer-reviewed journals, and they cover different methods to describe quantization, including Weyl geometry, Supersymmetry, generalized Schrödinger, and Cartan torsion method. In some chapters Navier-Stokes equations are also discussed, because it is likely that this theory will remain relevant in Astrophysics and Cosmology While much of the arguments presented in this book are theoretical, nonetheless we recommend further observation in order to verify or refute the propositions described herein. It is of our hope that this volume could open a new chapter in our knowledge on the formation and structure of Astrophysical systems. ...

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Abstract We explore Yang’s Noncommutative space-time algebra (involving two length scales) within the context of QM defined in Noncommutative spacetimes and the holographic area-coordinates algebra in Clifford spaces. Casimir invariant wave equations corresponding to Noncommutative coordinates and momenta in d-dimensions can be recast in terms of ordinary QM wave equations in d + 2-dimensions. It is conjectured that QM over Noncommutative spacetimes (Noncommutative QM) may be described by ordinary QMin higher dimensions. Novel Moyal-Yang-Fedosov-Kontsevich star products deformations of the Noncommutative Poisson Brackets are employed to construct star product deformations of scalar field theories. Finally, generalizations of the Dirac-Konstant and Klein-Gordonlike equations relevant to the physics of D-branes and Matrix Models are presented. ...

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Old timer ‘root-cellars’ had water barrels that froze when it was too cold. Northern lights are similar, but in the sky. Flaring denotes both freezing and perhaps atmospheric friction. Northern lights combine uranium chalk (for green lights), water, and collapsed balloons of atmospheres in the far north. At minus 35 degrees Celsius (C) or so, gaseous lights turn to icebergs and float in the sky. Think of these terms: • Ice lenses • Tesla’s atmospheric friction electrical generation (7 atmospheres) • ‘Root- cellar’ water barrels • Rivers- in- the- sky ...and think of Galileo, the Toronto School Board of Education, Copernicus, and ...GURBIN!...

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From approximately Dec 1/2012 to mid- may year 2013, I was very fortunate to have the unique experience of being a winter caretaker for Ennedai Lake Lodge, Nunavut territory, Kivaliq region. For about five months I had a wood burning stove on the edge of Canada's northern tree line to keep from freezing to death. I was supplied with proper gear to live through temperatures ranging from +15 C to a low of - 55 C, very cold! I was provisioned both at the camp and also upon being flown in. I planned to ice fish but ten feet of ice is tough to get through when a back injury prevents ‘quick- pull’ actions needed to start a power auger and also a snowmobile. I called HQ in Resolute Bay, or in Iqaluit, twice a week sometimes only getting through once (the local term is being 'weathered out'). I saw foxes, singular wolverines (purposeful tanks that can take out a grizzly), lots of birds, northern lights, sundogs, moondogs, green snow, blue snow, and many northern experiences unfathomable to southern warmer eyes. It is often hard to recall those eyes upon returning south, such is the absolute wonder I have witnessed in the north. I melted ...

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CHAPTER ONE: A Maverick book … CHAPTER TWO: What if H2O is mixed with radioactivity? … CHAPTER THREE: Canada really is ‘Bloody Canada’ as was ‘little France’, aka ‘Bloody Scotland’. Or: So I think URANIUM is in the hydrology cycle. … CHAPTER FOUR: I’m baffled by this all… & older bro says “more iodized salt”. … CHAPTER FIVE: Snow White’s Palace for a Disney destination. … CHAPTER SIX: Lynn Andrews needs to move her people- not only because no one I’ve heard of has tried corralling Muskox (twice the iron content of bison). … CHAPTER SEVEN: ICE LIGHTS! and moondogs and skyquakes- OH MY! … CHAPTER EIGHT: Save the Queen, not the Wi-Fi. … CHAPTER NINER: The un-named 2000’ highpointed Stoney Mountains of Kug/ Coppermine to Churchill that hold the weather in, as in- ‘in’sanely cold (locally named). … CHAPTER X: Green mud forming around a small green chalky pebble- it’s a water-soluble-dissolving-pebble in a wet puddle. ...

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Sustainability of the environment implies both wishful thinking and ignorance – ignorance of the reality that natural systems are complex and unfathomable by scientists, and that repetition of research outputs depend on repetition of initial and all subsequent conditions. Scientific insights provide knowledge, but it is partial in most cases, and when applied is often subject to conflicting objectives, which in turn produce conditions that affect outcomes - thus our best efforts to predict natural outcomes are usually flawed. We further display our ignorance in seeking social sustainability while we behave inequitably towards groups other than ‘us’ and invoke spurious reasoning to justify further research. The effect of ignorant self-interest is played out daily in our largest intervention in the natural environment – agriculture, which is why agriculture provides perhaps the best model for consideration of the ideal of sustainability. From ancient Asian wisdom through modern global forces and technology to the central environmental issue of food production, we have identified some necessary conditions for sustainability. Yet, ou...

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Table of Contents Author and Publisher Information iii Acknowledgements ix Author’s Foreword xi Chapter 1 Stepping Back to Survey the Landscape 1 Chapter 2 The Unacknowledged Debt to Asia: A Different Agricultural and Environmental Reality 13 Agriculture’s Legacy 14 Agricultural Origins 15 Contact with the West 23 Religion, Nature and Agriculture 26 ‘Indianised’ Agriculture 31 Secular Approaches 34 Common Heritage 38 Chapter 3 Global Development Forces on Agriculture and the Environment 41 Agricultural Environments 43 Global Development Forces 51 Sustainable Development and Traditions 56 Sustainability: A Local or Foreign Influence? 59 Practical Alternatives 61 24 Sustainability: Elusive or Illusion? Wise Environmental Intervention Policy Implications 63 Chapter 4 Technology and Food Needs: GMOs for GFN: Genetically Modified Organisms and Global Food Needs 69 Global Food Needs 72 GMO Technologies 74 Revisiting the Green Revolution 76 Issues and Risks 79 Making a Decision 81 Chapter 5 Re-conceiving Food Security & Environmental Protection 87 Feeling Secure 89 The IFPRI World Food Situation 91 Conventional Consideratio...

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“I like the idea of mental synthesis very much ... I quite agree that language evolved in a way that facilitates synthesis and transmission of the synthesized mental image. ... I don't think there can be much doubt, purely conceptually, that language was a late arrival. Whatever mutation provided the key to it would have had no selectional advantage at all, and would have just been a useless “organ,” if it could not have linked up to pre-existing thought systems.” —NOAM CHOMSKY, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT “Boston University’s Andrey Vyshedskiy brings a neuroscientist’s perspective to the discussion of human mental history in On the Origin of the Human Mind.” —Scientific American Mind (July 2009) “I found the Mental Synthesis theory stimulating and provocative. The author puts forward an explanation for the evolution of the human mind based on predator detection that led to increased visual mental analysis which set the stage for visual mental syntheses. The author presents an impressive array of recent research on the brain with up to date references that are highly relevant to his case and the origin of mi...

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Introduction While studying the neuroscience of consciousness, I was struck with certain facts about mental imagery that seemed to shed some light on the process of the evolution of the human mind. The origin of the human mind remains one of the greatest mysteries of all times. The last 150 years, since Charles Darwin proposed that species evolve under the influence of natural selection (Darwin C, 1859), have been marked by great discoveries. Molecular biology described the genetic principles underlying species evolution and identified specific changes in the human genome since our lineage split off from the chimpanzee line about six million years ago (Somel M, 2013). Great paleontological discoveries have filled that span of six million years of human evolution with a number of intermediate species that display both human- and ape-like characteristics. However, the discussion of the evolution of the human intellect and specific forces that shaped the underlying brain evolution is as vigorous today as it was in Darwin’s times. At the center of the predicament about the origin of the human mind lies the question of human uniqu...

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Introduction 1 Part 1. Neuroscience of imagination 5 Chapter 1. Object encoding in the brain 6 Chapter 2. Neuronal synchronization 26 Chapter 3. Imagining new objects 32 Chapter 4. External manifestations of mental synthesis 39 Chapter 5. Humans versus animals 80 Chapter 6: Overall Discussion of Part 1 108 Part 2. Evolution of the Human Mind 135 Chapter 7. Introduction: a quick guide to paleoanthropology 136 Chapter 8. Cognitive evolution through the prism of paleontological evidence 160 Chapter 9. Evolutionary pressure drives better predator detection 191 Chapter 10. Overall Discussion of Part 2 219 Part 3. The “last” mutation 254 Chapter 11. The role of the prefrontal cortex in the process of mental synthesis 256 Chapter 12. Evolution of the prefrontal cortex 277 Conclusions 327 A wish list of experiments 339 Appendix 367 Acknowledgments 400 Bibliography 401 Illustrations credits 428 About the author 430 ...

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From hunters and gatherers through agro-cities, State-religious Empires infiltrated by migrating Tai persons with a wet glutinous rice technology, evolved to produce a sustainable agriculture. Rice culture determined administrative structures in a pragmatic society which regularly produced a saleable surplus. Ayutthaya’s ascendancy, continuing today, consolidated the importance of rice agriculture to national security and economic well-being, as Chinese and European influence benefited agribusiness and initiated the demand which would expand agriculture through population increase until accessible land was expended. The resulting central interest in the spoils of agriculture more than its producers pervaded decision-making until recently, and was supported by narrow economic development advocates. As agriculture declined in relative financial importance, it continued to provide the benefits of employment, crisis resilience, self-sufficiency, rural social support, and cultural custody. Technical and economic globalisation forces which assumed a cultural uniformity were eventually revealed to require modification, but had meanwhile a...

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Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Uniquely Agricultural Golden Cradle The Land of the Thai Soils Water Resources Climate Other Natural Resources Regional Origins Intensification Industrialisation National and Global Responsibilities Current Situation Ingredients of Thai Agriculture Summary Chapter 2 - Agricultural Origins From Gathering to Growing Neolithic to Iron Age Domination of Rice Early Thai Agriculturists Khmer Agriculture Pagan Agriculture Southern Thailand Summary Chapter 3 - Arrival of Tai Agriculture Chinese Tai Muang F Integrating Technologies Tai Agriculturists Migrating Farmers Tai in Thailand Tai Traits Environmental Traditions Tai and Buddhist Environments Summary Chapter 4 - Expansion of Thai Agriculture from 1200 C Agricultural Organisation Agricultural Administration Integrating Irrigation Systems Agricultural Domination Tai to Thai Agriculture 5 Agricultural Life Summary Chapter 5 - Emerging Agribusiness: Ayutthaya to the Early Twentieth Century Agriculture, Environment and Morality Export Rice Cash Crops Foreign Influence Administering the Peasants State Irrigation Development Traders and Early Agrib...

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What this Book is About There is a commonly held view that the incidence and scale of disasters is increasing in the modern world although some disagreement on whether the incidence of events, such as Tsunamis, earthquakes, fires, floods etc., that can give rise to disasters is increasing. The view is understandable, both population and their built environment are increasing so more is at risk and this trend of increased risk will continue while populations continue to rise. As the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) enumerates this: ‘Natural disasters are becoming more costly: in constant dollars, disaster costs between 1990 and 1999 were more than 15 times higher ($652 billion in material losses) than they were between 1950 and 1959 ($38 billion at 1998 values) The human cost is also high: over the 1984–2003 period, more than 4.1 billion people were affected by natural disasters. The number affected has grown, from 1.6 billion in the first half of that period (1984–93) to almost 2.6 billion in the second half (1994-2003), and has continued to increase. Although disasters caused by natural events occur throughout...

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List of figures, table & Abbreviations ix Acknowledgements x What this Book is About 1 Chapter 1 - Key Concepts 7 Disaster Risk Reduction 7 Risk 10 Fast and Slow Onset Disasters 11 Resilience 12 Systems Thinking 13 Self-organising Systems 18 A System for Disaster Risk Reduction 21 Evaluation of Natural Disasters 22 Chapter 2 –Components of Disasters and NRM 27 Economic Analysis – Five Forms of Capital 27 The Significance of Context 31 Ecosystems Functional Analysis ...

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The 2000 year history of the atom and chemistry, from the Classic Greek Era to the present, is described in 800 pages, depicted with some 300 pictures and illustrations. This history of the atom and chemistry discusses the lives of about 180 chemists and physicists, through the evolution of several stages of development, representing the most important scientific accomplishments. The most significant discoveries in chemistry and physics are presented chronologically to illustrate their contributions to the creation of the chemical sciences during the last 21 centuries....

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INTRODUCTION It is a genuine pleasure and challenge for me to try to express the full extent of my emotions and reasons for writing this book on the STORY OF THE ATOM AND THE SCIENCES, with special reference to the CHEMICAL SCIENCES. In one sentence, I can distill the essence of the purpose for this study by simply stating that it has been a labor of love that transcended the written word because sentiments and ideas belong in the realm of the ethereal and the philosophical as well as in the domain of LITERATURE and SCIENCE. Ever since a young and impressionable student attending a country school in a community of a few hundred people, began to be introduced to the world of knowledge over 65 years ago, the sciences became to me what water is to fish, air is to birds and earth is to humanity. The introduction to the mathematical, physical, chemical and biological sciences felt like reading a beautiful poem or listening to a romantic melody. In essence, it was truly a joyful experience, full of the enigmatic, the mysterious and the fantastic, beyond my wildest imagination. The words used in the title of this book, were car...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE STORY OF THE ATOM AND CHEMISTRY 7 THE CAVE MAN 7 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 8 THE MIGRATORY AND THE SEDENTARY MAN 9 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 THE CLASSIC GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS 17 EMPEDOCLES (492-432 BC) Greek Philosopher 20 Proposed the four basic elements: earth, water, air and fire. DEMOCRITUS (470-380 BC) Greek Philosopher 22 The founder of the atomic theory of antiquity. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (100-170) Greek Astronomer 24 Proponent of the geocentric theory of our solar system with the Earth and not the Sun at its center. ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 25 THE ALCHEMY OF ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES 32 THE METAL INDUSTRY OF ANTIQUITY 33 Mercury, Copper, Bronze, Iron and Steel. GEBER (721-815) Arabian Alchemist 38 One of the first scholars and alchemists of the Islamic world. OMAR KHAYYAM (12th Century). Persian Scientist and Astronomer 38 Brilliant astronomer and alchemist of the 12th Century. BERNARDO TREVISAN (1406 -1490) Italian Alchemist 39 One of the most famous alchemists of th...