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... of a set A with itself; A × A. Note that if the set A is a finite set having n elements, then the set A × A is also a finite set, but has n 2 elem... ...nts, then the set A × A is also a finite set, but has n 2 elements. The set of elements (a, a) in A × A is called the 8 diagonal of A × A. A s... ...bout subsets of A × A we can now speak about a binary relation (one between two elements of A) on A itself, by defining b to be related to a if (a, ... ...chapters of this book. The example deals with nothing but mapping of a set of n elements to itself. Example 1.2.1: Let (1, 2, 3) be the set S. Le... ...he set S. Let S(3) denote the set of all mappings of S to itself. The number of elements in S(3) is 27 = 3 3 . 10 Example 1.2.2: Let S = (1, 2... ...theory, fuzzy groups, and applications of fuzzy theory of the problems faced in chemical industries and cement industries. Currently, five Ph.D. sch...