...he several classes in the state. The aim which he sets before oligarchs or democracies is not the good life, but simple stability or permanence of the... ... this subject, let us now go into the practical part thereof; the one is a liberal employment for the mind, the other necessary. These things are usef... ...event every op- portunity of exercising two principal virtues, modesty and liberality. Modesty with respect to the female sex, for this virtue require... ...y, which depends upon private property, for without that no one can appear liberal, or do any generous action; for liberality consists in imparting to... ... therefore better have proposed, that they should live both moderately and liberally; for unless these two conspire, luxury will come in on the one ha... ...tune, that he is mild or courageous, but we may say that he is prudent and liberal, which are the only quali- ties connected therewith. It is also abs... ...e not for- merly admitted into any share in the government; till at length democracies were established: it is not therefore proper for any man of hon... ...tes strangers to accept the freedom 85 Aristotle of the city; and in some democracies the son of a free-woman is himself free. The same is also obser... ... these afterwards turned to tyrannies and these in their turn gave rise to democracies; for the power of the ty- rants continually decreasing, on acco...

...e would call that man just who does not feel pleasure in acting justly, or liberal who does not in liberal actions, and similarly in the case of the o... ...er Moral; pure science, intelligence, and prac- tical wisdom—Intellectual: liberality, and perfected self-mas- tery—Moral: in speaking of a man’s Mora... ...nsible. III. In respect of giving and taking wealth (a): The mean state is Liberality, the excess Prodigality, the de- fect Stinginess: here each of t... ...; a mean state called Munificence (for the munificent man differs from the liberal, the former having necessarily to do with great wealth, the latter ... ... the defect Paltriness (these also differ from the extremes connected with liberality, and the manner of their difference shall also be spoken of late... ...endships and the principle of Justice are inconsiderable in extent, but in Democracies they are most considerable be- cause they who are equal have mu...

...eavour to shew hereafter, is very different upon different occasions; more liberal in a society advancing to opulence, than in one that is standing st... ...n by the different state of those countries. 66 The Wealth of Nations The liberal reward of labour, therefore, as it is the necessary effect, so it i... ...g a great part of the children which their fruitful marriages produce. The liberal reward of labour, by enabling them to provide better for their chil... ..., and Philadelphia, where the wages of common labour are so very high. The liberal reward of labour, therefore, as it is the effect of in- creasing we... ...ders of the society; the stationary is dull; the declining melancholy. The liberal reward of labour, as it encourages the propagation, so it increases... ...cted with all the thoughtless 670 The Wealth of Nations extravagance that democracies are apt to fall into, could be safely trusted with the manageme... ...om those rancourous and virulent factions which are inseparable from small democracies, and which have so fre- quently divided the affections of their...