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...ing unpredictable, what they get is Thomas Cole, a man from the past accidently dragged forward in time. Will he fit their calculations, or is he the random variable that can break the stalemate? – The Variable Man first appeared in the September, 1953 issue of Space Science Fiction magazine. (Summary by Gregg Margarite)...

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...Viewing the random motion, an observer might think it is 50-50 chances that an object would move toward or away. It might be intuitive, however, it is far from the truth. This study derives the probability function of blueshift vs. redsh...

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...Viewing the random motion, an observer might think it is 50-50 chances that an object would move toward or away. It might be intuitive, however, it is far from the truth. This study derives the probability function of blueshift vs. redsh...

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... human population growth and that this barrier is related to the biotic and abiotic variables of the environment - is undisputed. Whatever debate th... ...ems do not respect man-made borders and by the stubborn refusal of many ecological variables to succumb to numbers. To complicate things further, d... ... beings. On the contrary, complexity usually points towards a natural source and a random origin. It is also true that complexity and artificiality...

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...ing noticed.” John grunted. “The satellites won’t spot us by simply doing random sweeps. They probably don’t even know we’re in New York. Let’s just... ...ow ev- erything that I’m going to say, so I don’t gain anything by saying random junk,” Andromeda elaborated. John hesitated…he wanted to make small ... ...ed. “We need to get somewhere inside. We don’t want to get picked up by a random SAT sweep,” Vincent answered, pointing to the sky. “Random SAT swee... .... “Zodiac took over all of the sat- ellites and has the imaging ones doing random sweeps to fnd threats and then sends the Seeker S&D squads afer the... ...n a call is ended, the program has to reset it- self and load all sorts of variables and encryptions. Now since the Flash Storm, there are very few p... ...sure that activity couldn’t be seen from the outside. She hoped that the random satellite sweeps didn’t include infrared imaging or they might be s...

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...pelted fala'if, drowning her sentiments and reminding Kane of the desert's random fury. He welcomed the intrusion, swallowing hints of the cool night ... ... do exactly?" "He's a collection manager..." Therese paused, explained the variables involved in the job, described her co-worker in some detail. "He ...

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...Introduction In survey sampling, the use of auxiliary information can increase the precision of an estimator when study variable y is highly correlated with the auxiliary variable x. but in several practical situations, instead of existence of auxiliary variables there exists some auxiliary attributes, which are highly correlated with study va...

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...Preface...............................................4 1.Ratio Estimators in Simple Random Sampling Using Information on Auxiliary Attribute...............................................7 2.Ratio-Product Type Exponential Estimator for Estimating Finite Population Mean Using Information on Auxiliary Attribu...

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...s due to the imperfection of knowledge that humain receives (observation) from the external world. Imperfection leads to a doubt about the value of a variable, a decision to be taken or a conclusion to be drawn for the actual system. The sources of uncertainty can be stochasticity (the case of intrinsic imperfection where a typical and single value does not exist), incompl...

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...n) from the external world. Imperfection leads to a doubt about the value of a variable, a decision to be taken or a conclusion to be drawn for the a... ...Probability (called sometimes the objective probability) process uncertainty of random type (stochastic) introduced by the chance. Uncertainty of th... ...be a finite discrete set of exhaustive and exclusive hypotheses or outcomes of a random experiment. The probability of has been defined and interpreted ... ...n the set are equal to the number of monotonic increasing Boolean functions of variables, and also the number of free distributive lattices with gene... ...onmental Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC, 1986. [35] Li X.R.,“Probability, Random Signals, and Statistics”,CRC Press, 1999. [36] Mahler R., “Comb... ...Hardcover 608 Pages, February 1994 [72] Zadeh L.A.,“The Concept of a Linguistic variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning I,II,III” Inform... ...ty. Sengupta created a model of Shumpeterian Dynamics. In that model, two key variables were introduced through a two staged formulation using Schu... ...imum Deviation=3% Average Deviation=.1 Neural network learning method: Batch Random Step width =.03 Winner Neuron=4 Winner Neuron=4 Winner N... ...best compromise is used in most control applications. The rule block is 1 with random Dos value generator. 5.Conclusions: 5.Conclusions: 5.Conclus...

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...Chapter three describes the rules of fuzzy logic, where the values of the variables can be any value in the continuum from zero to one. Finally, cha... ...n 5 Rules of Inference in Fuzzy Logic Section 6 Modal Logic with Fuzzy Variables Section 7 Temporal Logic 37 37 39 40 40 46 48 5... ...assical Logic Section 1 Propositions In classical logic, a logical variable is restricted to the values of true(T) and false(F). The logical ... ...ome authors use the lowercase letters p, q and r and so forth to represent variables that can be either true or false. Others use the uppercase lette... ...ers A, B, C and so forth. In this book, both will be used. Since each variable in classical logic is restricted to these two values, if an expres... ...ample, if the set of discourse is all real numbers and the choice of x is random, we could argue that the value is (0.50,0.0,0.50). This could be i...

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... M. Khoshnevisan, S. Saxena, H. P. Singh, S. Singh, F. Smarandache RANDOMNESS AND OPTIMAL ESTIMATION IN DATA SAMPLING (second ed... ...t 2 M. Khoshnevisan, S. Saxena, H. P. Singh, S. Singh, F. Smarandache RANDOMNESS AND OPTIMAL ESTIMATION IN DATA SAMPLING (second ed... ...ured from some specified time until it fails, is represented by the continuous random variable X. One distribution that has been used extensively in... ...om some specified time until it fails, is represented by the continuous random variable X. One distribution that has been used extensively in recent... ... data. The distribution often becomes suitable where the conditions for “strict randomness” of the exponential distribution are not satisfied with th... ... the problem being considered. 1.1 The Model Let x 1 , x 2 , …, x n be a random sample of size n from a two-parameter Weibull distribution, pr... ...acteristic life acts as a scale parameter and β is the shape parameter. The variable Y = ln x follows an extreme value distribution, sometimes ca... ...= − ∑ 1 1 1 E , (1.4) 7 and v yu b i i = − are ordered variables from the extreme value distribution with u = 0 and... ...) where p and q are real numbers such that p ≠ 0 and q > 0, w is a stochastic variable which may in particular be a scalar, to be chosen such that ...

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... a way to say how it is to continue to go on there is a pattern to deterioration as there is to horror and escape as there is to relating a series of random occurrences that are bound together by the problem of consciousness there is a way to wait in a hospital through moments descriptions of infirmities and remedies that do not end but go on there are the reasons there is...

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...s or questionnaire mailings. The laws of large numbers require that the random samples be independent identically distributed random variables wit... ...ire that the random samples be independent identically distributed random variables with finite variance. Independence models each experts individua... ... with many important forcing function they could not control. Most of the variables defined by villagers were related to agricultural and animal hus... ...uation where in C represents the number of connections possible between N variables if the number of connections possible between N variables can ha... ...f connections is N 2 . The structure of a FCM apart from the number of variables and connections can best be analyzed by finding the following va... ... following variables: DEFINITION 1.2.2: For a given FCM the transmitter variables (are forcing, given, tails, independent) the receiver variables ...

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...m-dimensional vector where c i represents the weight (or cost) associated with variable x i , for i ∈ I. The optimization problem we are... ... (6) DEFINITION 1.4.1: For a solution x ∈X (A, b), we call 0 i x a binding variable if 0 i x . j i 0 a = b j for i 0 ∈ I and x i a ij ≤ b ... ...y relation equations. And, the set Λ represents all combinations of the binding variables such that every combination can satisfy every fuzzy relati... ...onsider a set of constraints, say B, which can be satisfied by a certain set of variables, say X B . If the decision to choose which variable in the... ...ary theory to solve optimization problems. In general, 50 GAs start with a randomly generated population and progress to improve solutions by u... ... proposed GAOFRC uses floating-point representation for individuals. Instead of randomly generating a population, the initialization process generat... ... process to a much smaller space. In general, a GA initializes the population randomly. It works well when dealing with unconstrained optimization... ...trained optimization problems. However, for a constrained optimization problem, randomly 51 generated solutions may not be feasible. Since GAOF... ...es) feasible, we present an initialization module to initialize a population by randomly generating the individuals inside the feasible domain. Sin...

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...m-dimensional vector where c i represents the weight (or cost) associated with variable x i , for i ∈ I. The optimization problem we are... ... (6) DEFINITION 1.4.1: For a solution x ∈X (A, b), we call 0 i x a binding variable if 0 i x . j i 0 a = b j for i 0 ∈ I and x i a ij ≤ b ... ...y relation equations. And, the set Λ represents all combinations of the binding variables such that every combination can satisfy every fuzzy relati... ...onsider a set of constraints, say B, which can be satisfied by a certain set of variables, say X B . If the decision to choose which variable in the... ...ary theory to solve optimization problems. In general, 50 GAs start with a randomly generated population and progress to improve solutions by u... ... proposed GAOFRC uses floating-point representation for individuals. Instead of randomly generating a population, the initialization process generat... ... process to a much smaller space. In general, a GA initializes the population randomly. It works well when dealing with unconstrained optimization... ...trained optimization problems. However, for a constrained optimization problem, randomly 51 generated solutions may not be feasible. Since GAOF... ...es) feasible, we present an initialization module to initialize a population by randomly generating the individuals inside the feasible domain. Sin...

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...al model of utility that is independent of spatio-temporal and behavioral variables. The problem of utility is best illustrated by the proble... ...al wealth at time t = T, Z 0 is the initial wealth at time t = 0, x is a random loss variable, I(x) is the indemnification function, C(x) is the co... ... time t = T, Z 0 is the initial wealth at time t = 0, x is a random loss variable, I(x) is the indemnification function, C(x) is the cost of insura... ...ns to constrained optimization problems. Both economic and physical state variables come in intensive/extensive variable pairs and the one such pair... ...s that the generalized financial market cannot possibly be reduced to pure random walk if we do away with the assumption of normality, it does not ne... ...s in the options market are somewhat unique as the only non-deterministic variable in option pricing theory is volatility. Moreover, given the knowl... ...w information. Some inefficiency however may also be attributed to purely random white noise unrelated to any coherent market information. If the pr... ...al price-path meaning that all market information (as well as some of the random white noise) could become automatically anchored to this perceived ... ...lied volatility on short- term options with probability 0.99 or out of (C) random white noise with probability of 31 0.01. The other sees it as ei...

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...l to only do the differentiation in a particular frame with the appropriate variables, as, in general, a simple differentiation destroys the tensor... ...From (2), (3) and (4) we have a set of three simultaneous equations in four variables, 0 u , 1 u , 0 a , and 1 a 1 1... ...1 1 0 0 g a a a a = + − The system (5) can be solved for any of the variables in terms of the other three variables. Specifically ... ...ems. 5. Ed Nelson derived QM from atomic material's local dynamics of the random walk. This new theory also describes the local dynamics of an ato... ...dom walk. This new theory also describes the local dynamics of an atom as a random walk. Brownian motion can be used as physical evidence in favor o... ...he case, then Either (where ∆, is the Euclidean Laplacian) has a variable propagation speed, C e , in which case it is no longer the w... ...advanced and retarded term. This would cause dynamics to take the form of a random walk. Hence, for even dimensional metric spaces; time, wave propa... ...ch is its own rest frame) and the statistical effect should be similar to a random walk, hence, statistically the speed of light stays constant. The... ...states of the space-form are vibrating into one another. These contacts are random, hence, their description would based in probability, so the unce...

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... Suseno, W 2008, “The Effect of Composite Stock Price Index Return and Macroeconomic Variables to Primary Sector Stock Return: GARCH Analysis”, Mast... ...are (PLS) model and Panel Fixed Effect (FE) model are used in this research. However, Random Effects Panel (RE) model is not used because the RE’s sp... ...rom 2000 to 2009 show the following conditions. Table 8: Result of PLS Estimation Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 1542.914... ...y, the lag of SMCI (SMCI t-1 ), and Japanese SMCI, while 1.64% is influenced by other variables. Based on the testing of the F statistics, it is stat... ...other variables. Based on the testing of the F statistics, it is stated that the four variables provide a significant influence on the formation of ... ...ficant influence on the formation of SMCI simultaneously. The t-test shows that all variables have a significant effect on SMCI. If inflation incre...

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...per radius and the curvature radius, both of which are functions of r. The variable r is actually a Euclidean parameter which is mapped to non-Euclide... ...ld, namely, the proper radius and the curvature radius. 1 Introduction The variabler has given rise to much confusion. In the con- ventional analysis,... ...e. This how- ever, does not follow in any rigorous way. In (M g ,g g ) the variable r is nothing more than a real-valued parameter, of no physical sig... ...Field of the Point-Mass 3 Volume 2 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS July, 2005 (a) The variable r is a radius and/or coordinate of some kind in the gravitational ... ... introduced the notion that reality has an information-theoretic intrinsic randomness. Since this pioneering paper the model of reality known as Proce... ...ocesses. These are normally associated with Brownian-type motions in which random processes are used in modelling many-body dynamical systems. We argu... ...processes are used in modelling many-body dynamical systems. We argue that random processes are a fundamental and necessary aspect of reality — that t... ...rithmic Informa- tion Theory (AIT). This shows that number systems contain randomness and unpredictability, and extends G¨ odel’s dis- covery, which r... ...hus self-referential, then the mathematical model must necessarily contain randomness. Here we consider one very simple such model and proceed to show...

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...are is closely correlated to its market price; 2. That price movements are mostly random, though somehow related to the aforementioned "value" of ... ... loss. The distribution of gains and losses in the long term is pretty even, i.e., random. The price level revolves around an anchor, supposedly th... ..., sought to rebuff technical analysis. Markets, they say, are efficient and "walk" randomly. Prices reflect all the information known to market pla... ...oo, alchemy, and astrology - for instance by Burton Malkiel in his seminal work, "A Random Walk Down Wall Street". The paradox is that technicians ... ...charts.com: "One way of viewing it is that markets may witness extended periods of random fluctuation, interspersed with shorter periods of nonrand... ...conclusion was that markets overshoot in response to surprising changes in economic variables. A sudden increase in the money supply, for instance, ... ...conomy - the economic environment in which all the firms operate 2. Macroeconomic Variables: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) or Industrial Productio... ... Business cycles: Sensitivity (elasticity) of sales Operating leverage (fixed to variable costs ratio) Financial leverage MANAGING BOND PO... ... types of interest rate risk. Example: SNL CORPORATION Short term - Long term Variable rate liabilities - Fixed rate liabilities Long term - ...

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...hild abuse CA(t) also increases: CA(t) = k log U(t), where t is the time variable, k is a constant depending on unemployment rate and children's pe... ...ivity, when this is going far away from itself as x x 1). The independent variable x swings between 0 and 1. Subjective = 0, objective = 1, and ever... ... is its unbounded border. Experimental law of Murphy: constants aren't, variables won't. Try to save what can't be saved! It's easy to ... ...s, Boston, 1960. [24] McKeon, Richard P., "An Introduction to Aristotle", Random House, Inc., New York, 1947. [25] McNeil, Martin, F., Thro, Ellen,... ...om the external world. Imperfection leads to a doubt about the value of a variable, a decision to be taken or a conclusion to be drawn for the actual... ...bility (called sometimes the objective probability) process uncertainty of random type (stochastic) introduced by the chance. Uncertainty of the chan... ...robability and statistics, fuzzy sets, possibility, evidential reasoning, random sets, neural networks and neuro-mimetic approaches, and logics (Dez... ...ic statistics. The function that models the neutrosophic probability of a random variable x is called neutrosophic distribution: NP(x) = ( T(x), I(x... ...c probability. The function that models the neutrosophic probability of a random variable x is called neutrosophic distribution: NP(x) = ( T(x), I(x...