...the city ways for various public services. Light and so forth.” “W as it a social trouble—that—in the great roadway place? How are you governed? Have ... ...“Several?” “About fourteen.” “I don’t understand.” “Very probably not. Our social order will probably seem very complex to you. To tell you the truth,... ...st understand,” began Howard abruptly, avoid- ing Graham’s eyes, “that our social order is very complex. A half explanation, a bare unqualified statem... ...e now. He was in some way the owner of half the world, and great political parties were fighting to possess him. On the one hand was the White Council... ...he cried. “I do not understand!” He had slipped out between the contending parties into this liberty of the twilight. What would happen next? What was... ...ght by capable rich men. Socialistic and Popu- lar, Reactionary and Purity Parties were all at last mere Stock Exchange counters, selling their princi... ...rol them?” The Surveyor-General did, “entirely.” Now, Graham, in his later democratic days, had taken a keen interest in these and his questioning qui... ...has been full of surprises to me. In the old days we dreamt of a wonderful democratic life, of a time when all men would be equal and happy.” Ostrog l... ...hopes been vain?” “What do you mean?” said Ostrog. “Hopes?” “I came from a democratic age. And I find an aristocratic tyranny!” “Well,—but you are the...

...e after him; with much more about his former idle habits,—fre- quenting of democratic oratory, public-houses, and fond- ness for bad company and strol... ...hen I shall send his sons to school and college.’ ‘ And pray what are your social duties till that time comes?’ ‘That’s plain enough,’ said Clara: ‘to... ...h, with your place made for you.’ ‘Not at all,’ said Louis. ‘Northwold tea-parties were my earliest, most natural dissipation; and I spoke for these g... ... the sheep,’ were his words, as he went forth to stand between the hostile parties, and endeavour to check their fury against one another. She herself... ...d lady, ‘it may often be the greatest blessing, the best incentive to both parties.’ Lady Conway was too much surprised to make a direct answer, but s...

...ification by meanings and applications, new or old, under the galvanism of democratic forces. The disturbers of 8 Theological Essays and Other Papers... ...pedient; but if it required a new law to make it illegal, how could those, parties be held in the wrong previously to the new act of legislation? On t... ... the parish, as a party whose reasonable wishes ought, for the sake of all parties, to meet with attention? Or did he do so, in humble submission to t... ...econciled the rights of patrons for the first time with those of all other parties interested. Nobody has more than a condi- tional power. Everybody h... ..., if defeated as a clerical power, should settle into a tenure exquisitely democratic? W as that trivial? Doubtless, the Scot- tish ecclesiastical rev... ...astoral. And at this moment, so fearfully increased is the overbearance of democratic impulses in Scot- land, that perhaps in no European nation—hardl... ...vil which acts through opinion, it acts by a machinery, viz. the press and social centralization in great cities, which in these days is perfect. Righ... ...an issue not merely dangerous in a political sense, but ruinous in an anti-social sense. The artifice of the Free Church lies in pleading a spiritual ... ...middle ages. It would be absurd, however, seriously to pur- sue these anti-social chimeras through their consequences. Stern remedies would summarily ...

...ness. His hunt- ing requires from him everything, his time, his money, his social hours, his rest, his sweet morning sleep; nay, his very dinners have... ...ne by a crowd; but men who meet together to do wicked things meet in small parties. Men cannot gamble in the hunting-field, and drinking there is more... ... adds greatly to his grandeur; and he is one of those who, in spite of the democratic tenderness of the age, may still be said to go about as a king a...

...your hotel.” “Oh yes, I should like to learn French,” Newman went on, with democratic confidingness. “Hang me if I should ever have thought of it! I t... ... good-nature, and a part of his 28 The American instinctive and genuinely democratic assumption of every one’s right to lead an easy life. If a shagg... ...t, but it amused him, and the old man’s decent forlornness appealed to his democratic instincts. The as- sumption of a fatality in misery always irrit... ...tranger, who, without a suspicion or a question, had admitted him to equal social rights. He compromised, and declared that while it was obvious that ... ...d purchase handsome things; but he was no more conscious, individually, of social pressure than he admitted the exist- ence of such a thing as an obli... ...Tristram, in accor- dance with the latter’s estimate of what he called his social position. When Newman learned that his social po- sition was to be t... ...was a mode of recreation to which he was much addicted. He liked making up parties of his friends and conducting them to the theatre, and taking them ... ...t have them if you will mind what I tell you—I alone—and not talk to other parties.” He passed his arm into that of his companion, and the two walked ... ... scruple simply because I consider your brother and you two very different parties. I see no connection between you. Your brother was ashamed of you. ...

... scarce have pretended to found the best of his appeal for her on her high social position.) It is an example exactly of the deep difficulty braved—th... ...o, they’ll be firm,” the old man rejoined; “they’ll not be affected by the social and political changes I just referred to.” “You mean they won’t be a... ...rope. There was nothing flighty about Mrs. Touchett, but she recognised no social superiors, and, judging the great ones of the earth in a way that sp... ...quite realise. You and I, you know, we know what it is to have lived under democratic institutions: I always thought them very comfortable, but I was ... ...Turner and Assyrian bulls were a poor substi- tute for the literary dinner-parties at which she had hoped to meet the genius and renown of Great Brita... ... Gardencourt; the days grew shorter and there was an end to the pretty tea-parties on the lawn. But our young woman had long indoor conversations with... ...nd Isabel’s answering quite another. He knew she had lis- tened to several parties, as his father would have said, but had made them listen in return;...

...tle too sedulously pol ished, and of course too conscious of it,—a deadly social crime, certainly. CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVI... ...nces, now that he was in peace; or to think of the turmoil of mod ern and democratic politics, here in this quietude of gone by ages and customs. The... ...hat if he were restrained from taking it, it would probably only be by the democratic pride that made him feel that he could not, retaining all his ma... ... American politician, accustomed to the fierce conflicts of our embittered parties; where life was made so enticing, so refined, and yet with a sort o... ...l better, of enjoying its great, deep solitude when the workmen were away. Parties of visitors, curious tourists, sometimes peeped in, took a cur sor... ...d was an American, and have been trying to adapt his manners to those of a democratic freedom. “Mr. Redclyffe, I believe,” said he. Redclyffe bowed, w...

...en, Mon- sieur Alphonse, and issue orders for a succession of six din- ner-parties. ‘And now, ma’am, you have occupation for your mind,’ he would say.... ...rm to- night, I will.’ She hugged me almost too tight, but it was warm and social, and helped to the triumph of a feeling I had that nothing made me r... ...the original. Come, invent some scandal for us; let us make this place our social Exchange. I warrant a good bold piece of invention will fit them, to... ...ed even in Germany for scholarship, rather notorious for his political and social opinions too. The margravine, with infinite humour in her countenanc... ...tocracy, squirearchy, and merchants. ‘Here it is not so,’ he said; ‘and no democratic rageings will make it so. Rank, with us, is a principle. I suppo... ...d him, and held his wine up. He drank, and thumped the table. ‘We ‘ll have parties here, too. The girl shall have her choice of partners: she shan’t b... ... entertain- ments; and also that he was admitted to the exclusive din- ner-parties of the Countess de Strode, ‘which are,’ he ob- served, in the moder...

... enough to show that Mrs. Hilbery was so rich in the gifts which make tea- parties of elderly distinguished people successful, that she scarcely neede... ...thinking of that. I was thinking how you live alone in this room, and have parties.” Mary reflected for a second. “It means, chiefly, a power of being... ... at lunch-time, or squeezed in a visit to a picture gallery, balancing his social work with an ardent culture of which he was secretly proud, as Mary ... ...bing into their gigs, or setting off home down the road together in little parties. Many salu- tations were addressed to Mary, who shouted back, with ... ...tway was one of the people for whom the great make-believe game of English social life has been invented; she spent most of her time in pretending to ... ...at she was a dignified, im- portant, much-occupied person, of considerable social standing and sufficient wealth. In view of the actual state of thing... ...ed of a very few pages, entitled, in a forcible hand, “Some Aspects of the Democratic State.” The aspects dwindled out in a cries- cross of blotted li... ...d her green-shaded lamp to another table, and covered “Some Aspects of the Democratic State” with a sheet of blotting-paper. “Why can’t they leave me ...

...id so. He cordially despised any brother rector who thought harm of dinner-parties, or dreaded the dangers of a moderate claret-jug; consequently dinn... ...ties, or dreaded the dangers of a moderate claret-jug; consequently dinner-parties and claret-jugs were common in the diocese. He liked to give laws a... ... to come to us, that is, in the way of calling. And at your English dinner-parties all is so dull and so stately. Do you know, my lord, that in coming... ...g opinion. In truth they were both right. Mr Arabin was a diffident man in social intercourse with those whom he did not intimately know; when placed ... ...arn people that they were not to sit long. In his eyes there was something democratic and parvenu in a round table. He imagined that dissenters and ca... ...d remain so as to preoccupy Mr Slope’s place in the carriage, and act as a social policeman to effect the exclusion of that disagreeable gentleman. Bu...

...arage. There were few people whom the Careys cared to ask there, and their parties consisted always of the curate, Josiah Graves with his sister, Dr. ... ...ws Homeward Fly , or Trot, Trot, My Pony . But the Careys did not give tea-parties often; the preparations upset them, and when their guests were gone... ...ering a royal procession. It is because of them that man has been called a social animal. Philip passed from the innocence of childhood to bitter cons... ...sed, and as Tar, otherwise Mr. T urner, said, it was undig- nified for all parties. He gave no warning, but after morning prayers would say to one of ... ...n’t think as you like and you can’t act as you like. That’s because it’s a democratic nation. I expect America’s worse.” He leaned back cautiously, fo... ...lighted with his joke. 653 W. Somerset Maugham “You must wear them at the social evening, Clarence.” “He’ll catch the belle of Lynn’s, if he’s not ca... ...the belle of Lynn’s, if he’s not careful.” Philip had already heard of the social evenings, for the money stopped from the wages to pay for them was o...

...hlegels in one, whereas I mean to remain a humble Doctor of the Faculty of Social Medicine, a veterinary sur- geon for incurable maladies. Were it onl... ... to the father; she saw him sinking by degrees, day after day, down to the social mire, and even dismissed some day from his appoint- ment. The idea o... ... surface, the eccentricities which each of us displays to his neighbors in social life. This woman, who, if closely studied, would have shown the most... ...vangelical phrases in the service of the Devil. Passion is martyrdom. Both parties aspire to the Ideal, to the Infinite; love is to make them so much ... ...paign was not carried out without little dinners at the Rocher de Cancale, parties to the play, and gifts in the form of lace, scarves, gowns, and jew... ...r Marshal. Lisbeth, quite as Republican as he could be, pleased him by her democratic opinions, and she flattered him with amazing dexterity; for the ...

...rgin throng. And here, assembled cross legg’d round their trays, Small social parties just begun to dine; Pilaus and meats of all sorts met th... ...rong. And here, assembled cross legg’d round their trays, Small social parties just begun to dine; Pilaus and meats of all sorts met the gaze,... ...he nightingale; they were Unfit to mix in these thick solitudes Call’d social, haunts of Hate, and Vice, and Care: How lonely every freeborn c... ... Kindness, destroys what little we had got: To feel for none is the true social art Of the world’s stoics— men without a heart. ’ Just now a b... ...ein whether Gulbeyaz show’d them both commiseration, Or got rid of the parties altogether, Like other angry ladies of her nation, Are thi... ...m you as me. The consequence is, being of no party, I shall offend all parties: never mind! My words, at least, are more sincere and hearty ... ...the other way, And wax an ultra royalist in loyalty, Because I hate even democratic royalty. I think I should have made a decent spouse, If ...

...ial points or their personal attach ments; if a love of virtuous men of all parties and de nominations; if a love of science and letters and a wish ... ... then, fellow citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and e... ...udg ment will correct false reasoning and opinions on a full hearing of all parties; and no other definite line can be drawn between the inestimable ... ... these conflicts the United States received great injury from several of the parties. It was their interest to stand aloof from the contest, to demand... ...ent under which we live—a Government adequate to every purpose for which the social compact is formed; a Government elec tive in all its branches, un... ...le Union is knit together by the sentiments of mutual respect, the habits of social inter course, and the ties of personal friendship formed be twee... ... other sovereignties, even by those which have been consid ered most purely democratic, we shall find a most es sential difference. All others lay c... ...ion for the adoption of a provision so appar ently repugnant to the leading democratic principle that the majority should govern, we must reject the ... ...ster of the Roman people and the senate under the pretense of supporting the democratic claims of the former against the aristocracy of the lat ter; ...

...as yet been carried. My wish is to describe, as well as I can, the present social and political state of the country. This I should have attempted, wi... ... woman’s keen eye, and described with a woman’s light but graphic pen, the social defects and 5 Trollope absurdities which our near relatives had ado... ...ure and operation of those political arrangements which had pro- duced the social absurdities which she saw, or to explain that though such absurditie... ... necessarily to be done from with- out. But it is ten times better for all parties that it should be done from within; and as the cocks are now clippi... ...t in the fact of England’s neutrality—in the fact of her regarding the two parties as belligerents—but in the open declaration made to the world by a ... ...d us than have remained neutral in such a conflict and have re- garded the parties as belligerents. The only question is whether she would have done s... ...ich it may have been guilty will be condoned by the world. The Southern or Democratic party of the United States had, as all men know, been in power f... ...d assisted at its birth. In Massachusetts itself, also, there was a strong Democratic party, of which Massachusetts now seems to be somewhat ashamed. ... ...the abso- lute absence of true liberty which such a passion through- out a democratic country must engender. But he who has observed all this must ack...

...sophers, and the contemplation of the idea of good takes the place of the social and political virtues. In the eighth and ninth books (4) the pervers... ...n of a deposit of gold which is to the injury of the receiver, if the two parties are friends, is not the repayment of a debt,—that is what you would... ... to their rulers in other States? Generally they call them masters, but in democratic States they simply call them rulers. And in our State what other... ...e have acknowl edged to be discord occurs, and a city is divided, if both parties destroy the lands and burn the houses of one an other, how wicked... ...s and ambitious, who answer to the Spartan polity; also the oligarchical, democratical, and tyrannical. Let us place the most just by the side of th... ...chical man; and then again we will turn our attention to democracy and the democratical man; and lastly, we will go and view the city of tyranny, and ...

... to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer di rectly a great part of our ails. The summer, in some c... ..., running in the face of it. If it had concerned either of the po litical parties, depend upon it, it would have appeared in the Gazette with the ear... ...ized country, where... people are judged of by their clothes.” Even in our democratic New England towns the accidental possession of wealth, and its m... ...one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I was more independent than any farmer in Concord, for... ... ping at some brilliant station house in town or city, Walden 108 where a social crowd is gathered, the next in the Dis mal Swamp, scaring the owl a... ...ep a house. Say, some hollow tree; and then for morn ing calls and dinner parties! Only a woodpecker tap ping. Oh, they swarm; the sun is too warm t...

... bigger than any other war, but it has struck deeper at the foundations of social and economic life. I doubt if we begin to realize how much of the ol... ...ting side by side with a dissentient and probably revolutionary Labour and Socialist convention—both gatherings with unsatisfac- tory credentials cont... ...nd urgent merely European necessities, a patch-up that has been made quasi-democratic in a series of after- thoughts, the American Constitution is a r... ...yed it has to be fought on purely party lines. He is the select man of the Democratic half, or of the Republican half of the nation. He is not the sel... ...andates in this matter. At present all the po- litical luncheon and dinner parties in London are busy with smirking discussions of “Who is to go?” The... ... conditions that are by the standards of the general league satisfactorily democratic. That seems to be only the com- mon sense of the matter. Every c... ...ter this essential fact, that the great educated world communities, with a social and industrial organization on a war-capable scale, are going to dom... ...hat is so or not, whether Germany is or is not to be one of the interested parties in the African solution, the fact remains that it is impossible to ... ...e of manipulation, that leads straight, not to the representation of small parties, but to a type of democratic government by selected best men. Befor...

... the state of the country in regard to the distribution of the elements of social power. Whatever is the strongest power in society will obtain the go... ...sence of the whole, the seat of the supreme power, is determined for it by social circumstances. That there is a portion of truth in this doctrine I a... ...on opinion, is to forget that opinion is itself one of the greatest active social 14 Considerations on Representative Government forces. One person w... ...ity alone is cared for, but not liberty; where the con tests of political parties are but struggles to decide whether the power of meddling in every ... ... have the strongest distaste for any mere struggle for office by political parties or individuals; and there are few things to which they have a great... ...he only thing which Parliament decides is, which of two, or at most three, parties or bodies of men shall furnish the execu tive government: the opin... ...y as, without interfer ing materially with the characteristic benefits of democratic government, to do away with these two great evils, or at least t... ...y human contrivance. The common mode of attempting this is by limiting the democratic character of the representation through a more or less restricte... ...ons and injured or menaced interests to lean upon. The great difficulty of democratic government has hitherto seemed to be, how to provide in a democr...

..... 15 Chapter III That the ideally best Form of Government is Representative Government .................................... 34 Chapter IV Under what Social Conditions Representative Government is Inapplicable ................................... 51 Chapter V Of the Proper Functions of Representative Bodies.......................................................................

........................................................................... 4 SOCIALISM, ANARCHISM AND SYNDICALISM.......................................... ....................................................... 11 CHAPTER I MARX AND SOCIALIST DOCTRINE ........................................................... ........................................ 92 CHAPTER VII SCIENCE AND ART UNDER SOCIALISM .................................................................... ...me combination of ideal and organization as we find in Socialist political parties. It is from this standpoint that our study of these movements will ... ...wnership of land and capital. Com- munal ownership may mean ownership by a democratic State, but cannot be held to include ownership by any State whic... ...c State, but cannot be held to include ownership by any State which is not democratic. Communal ownership may also be under- stood, as Anarchist Commu... ...of regulating the political affairs of the com- munity . But all alike are democratic in the sense that they aim at abolishing every kind of privilege... ...difficult to put trust in the State as a means to liberty, or in political parties as instruments suffi- ciently powerful to force the State into the ... ...roups of intellectuals, eager to possess the profits of public employment. Parties are con- stituted in order to acquire the conquest of these employ-...

...................................................................................................................................................... 4 SOCIALISM, ANARCHISM AND SYNDICALISM................................................................................................... 11 PART I HISTORICAL........................................................................

...the evi dence of Livy, and upheld, to the best of my ability, the Ro man Democratic party. A few years later, in my contempt of my childish efforts,... ...ory. Saturated as the book is with the opinions and modes of judgment of a democratic radicalism then regarded as ex treme; and treating with a sever... ...s. It allied itself with all my juvenile aspirations to the character of a democratic champion. What had hap pened so lately, seemed as if it might e... ...e is feeble and precarious, but the opinion of its necessity for moral and social purposes almost universal; and when those who reject revelation, ver... ...ound in a young man formed by a particular mode of thought or a particular social circle. His younger brother, Charles Austin, of whom at this time an... ...ency of an aristocratic body of this composition, to group itself into two parties, one of them in possession of the executive, the other endeavouring... ...dical Review, with pretensions equal to those of the established organs of parties, had excited much attention, there could be no room for hesitation,... ...th which they tilted against the very front of both the existing political parties; their uncompromising profes sion of opposition to many of the gen... ...l of my companions formed a class. For several years from this period, our social studies assumed a shape which contributed very much to my mental pro...

...he thought the country ruined 8 Personal Memoirs beyond recovery when the Democratic party lost control in 1860. Her family, which was large, inherit... ... during the war, and remains a firm believer, that national success by the Democratic party means irretrievable ruin. In June, 1821, my father, Jesse ... ... for a western village. It is, and has been from its earliest existence, a democratic town. There was probably no time during the rebellion when, if t... ...vered by sheds to break the rays of the sun. The summer was whiled away in social enjoyments among the officers, in visiting those sta- tioned at, and... ...r was spent more agreeably than the summer had been. There were occasional parties given by the planters along the “coast”—as the bottom lands on the ... ...ce was settled satisfactorily, and “honorably,” in the esti- mation of the parties engaged. I do not believe I ever would have the courage to fight a ... ...by the skill of the engineers, converted into a defence for the assaulting parties while securing their positions for final attack. All the troops wit... ...d, otherwise, sensible persons appeared to believe that emancipation meant social equality. T reason to the Government was openly advocated and was no... ...children. The nation still lives, and the people are just as free to avoid social intimacy with the blacks as ever they were, or as they are with whit...

... attack.The job of the NMCC in such an emergency is to gather the relevant parties and establish the chain of command between the National Command Aut... ...centric and violent ideas sprouting in the fertile ground of political and social turmoil. It is the story of an organization poised to seize its hist... ...es (such as those promoted by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s Arab Socialism or the Ba’ath Party of Syria and Iraq) that called for a single, ... ...ulers sought to buy off local Islamist movements by ceding control of many social and educational issues. Embold- ened rather than satisfied, the Isla... ...discos and beaches in Beirut, and in Greifswald was known to enjoy student parties and drinking beer.Although he continued to share an apartment in Gr... ...t has occurred with the full support of the Congress, both major political parties, the media, and the Amer- ican people. The nation has committed eno... ...Muslim states.A cen- tral government has been established in Kabul, with a democratic constitution, new currency, and a new army. Most Afghans enjoy g... ... communities.Y et even if his efforts are successful and elections bring a democratic government to Afghanistan, the United States faces some difficul... ...om ‘Muslimun/Muslims.’...Islamism is defined as ‘an Islamic militant, anti-democratic movement, bearing a holistic vision of Islam whose final aim is ...

... gen- erous ardour, the better part of the man too often withheld from the social commerce, and the contact of mind with mind evaded as with terror. A... ...n geniality . Thus, 12 Robert Louis Stevenson at least, we have a healthy democratic atmosphere to breathe in while at work; even when there is no co... ...shipped in another church, held dif- ferent morals, and obeyed a different social constitution from his fellow-countrymen either of the south or north... ...house where I spent my youth was not yet thought upon; but we made holiday parties among the cornfields on its site, and ate strawberries and cream ne... ...leasures bear discussion for their own sake, but only those which are most social or most radically human; and even these can only be discussed among ... ...and strength among themselves effectually prevents the appear- ance of the democratic notion. Or we might more exactly compare their society to the cu...

... full of pathos, full of truth, full of a high eloquence. Superstition and social exigency having been thus dealt with in the first two members of the... ...d, and free from bashfulness or affectation. If he made a slip, he had the social courage to pass on and refrain from explanation. He was not embar- r... ...tances. It was, in short, an admirable ap- pearance on the stage of life – socially successful, intimately self-respecting, and like a gentleman from ... ...der the different dates. 53 Familiar Studies of Men & Books pity for both parties concerned. This was not the wife who (in his own words) could “ente... ...ular and poetical presentment; and, in so doing, catch and stereotype some democratic ideal of humanity which should be equally natural to all grades ... ...ip that it takes place on a level higher than the actual characters of the parties would seem to war- rant.” This is to put friendship on a pedestal i... ...n that it takes place on a lower level than the charac- ters of any of the parties would warrant us to expect. The society talk of even the most brill...

... difficulty occurred, and frequently chosen an arbitrator between contending parties. At his table he liked to have, as often as he could, some sensib... ...rs of the world, the wars, revolutions, etc., are carried on and affected by parties. “That the view of these parties is their present general interes... ..., or what they take to be such. “That the different views of these different parties occa sion all confusion. “That while a party is carrying on a ge... ... to be brought to every fire; and we agreed to meet once a month and spend a social evening together, in discoursing and communicating The Autobiograp... ...much prerogative in it, and in England it was judg’d to have too much of the democratic. The Board of Trade therefore did not approve of it, nor recom...