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Flephedrone, also known as 4-fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC), is a stimulant drug of the cathinone chemical class.
Flephedrone started to be sold as a designer drug in 2008, along with its positional isomer 3-fluoromethcathinone (3-FMC).[1][2]
Flephedrone has only a short history of human use and its toxicity is not well established.[3]
Flephedrone has been illegal in Denmark since December 2008.
Flephedrone has been illegal in the UK since April 2010.
Flephedrone has been illegal in the Lithuania since April 2010.
Flephedrone is most likely illegal in Australia as an analogue or derivative of cathinone.
Flephedrone has been illegal in Poland since April 2010,[4] but 3-FMC is still legal.
Flephedrone has been classed as a narcotic in Sweden since October 2010.[5]
Flephedrone has been listed since January 2011 as a Schedule I drug in Florida (United States).[6]
Flephedrone (4-Fluoromethcathinone) was classified as a schedule I controlled substance in Georgia (United States) in May 2011.
Flephedrone has been listed since June 2011 as a Schedule I drug in Pennsylvania (United States).[7]
* Note that many TCAs, TeCAs, antipsychotics, ergolines, and some piperazines like buspirone and trazodone all antagonize α1-adrenergic receptors as well, which contributes to their side effects such as orthostatic hypotension.
* Note that many atypical antipsychotics and azapirones like buspirone (via metabolite 1-PP) antagonize α2-adrenergic receptors as well.
* Note that MAO-B inhibitors also influence norepinephrine/epinephrine levels since they inhibit the breakdown of their precursor dopamine.
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