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Electric multiple unit Diesel multiple unit Push–pull train
Multiple-unit train control
Britain (DMU) Britain (EMU) Ireland
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. Most EMUs are used for passenger trains, but some have been built or converted for specialised non-passenger roles, such as carrying mail or luggage, or in departmental use, for example as de-icing trains. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages, but electrically powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as EMUs.
EMUs are popular on commuter and suburban rail networks around the world due to their fast acceleration and pollution-free operation.[1] Being quieter than DMUs and locomotive-drawn trains, EMUs can operate later at night and more frequently without disturbing residents living near the railway lines. In addition, tunnel design for EMU trains is simpler as provisions do not need to be made for diesel exhaust fumes, although retrofitting existing tunnels to accommodate the extra equipment needed to transmit the power to the train can be expensive and difficult if the tunnel has limited clearance.
The first EMUs in were used on the elevated Liverpool Overhead Railway in 1893. The southern terminal of the railway was underground, giving the LOR the distinction of also being the first to use EMUs underground. Each carriage had an electric traction motor and was specifically designed and constructed to be light in weight while running on elevated steel sections. The first EMUs were two carriage trains later graduating to three carriages, with the front and rear carriages powered. Liverpool Museum retains an example of the Liverpool Overhead Railway EMU carriage.[2] An early proponent of EMUs was the American engineer Frank J. Sprague, who supplied them to the South Side Elevated Railroad in Chicago in 1897.
The cars that form a complete EMU set can usually be separated by function into four types: power car, motor car, driving car, and trailer car. Each car can have more than one function, such as a motor-driving car or power-driving car.
Some of the more famous electric multiple units in the world are high-speed trains: the Shinkansen in Japan and ICE 3 in Germany. The retired New York–Washington Metroliner service, first operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad and later by Amtrak, also featured high-speed electric multiple-unit cars.
German ICE 3 EMU (Deutsche Bahn)
French TGV POS EMU Operated by SNCF
OSCAR (H-set) bilevel EMU operate in New South Wales, Australia
Spanish Civia EMU operate on commuter lines
Chennai Suburban Railway EMU, India
A Malaysian KTM Komuter KTM Class 83 EMU at a Train station
A First ScotRail Class 380 EMU at Haymarket
A ex-JR East 205 series EMU train operated by KA Commuter Jabodetabek at Indonesian ,Formerly JR East .
Belgian EMU AM80 "Break" unit|SWT Class 450 suburban units at London Waterloo station (UK)
Transperth B Series EMUs operate in Perth, Australia
TSR double-decker train operate in Italy. LeNORD
Russian ED4MKM-aero EMU
Iarnród Éireann 8520 Class EMU, operated on the DART line
Swedish Railways EMU
Japanese JR East Type E233-1000 EMU test run Omiya, Japan
Japanese JR West Shinkansen Type 500 EMU
Russian ER2K EMU (No. 604)
Chinese CRH3
New high-speed Gautrain of South Africa
Polish PESA ED59
Metro-North Railroad M8 in Port Chester, New York
Z 20500, used on Paris's RER and Transilien, France
Swiss Stadler FLIRT RABe 523
Greek Siemens Desiro used for commuter service
Swiss BLS Line NINA
An NSB Class 73 (left) and a NSB Class 69 train at Nelaug Station.
An ET245 consist of Milan Metro in the original M2 livery.
The Italian ETR 232 (former 212) high-speed trainset which set a 203 km/h speed record in 1939.
An Italian ETR 450 high-speed, tilting EMU.
An ETR 470 high-speed, tilting EMU negotiating the sharp curves of the Gotthardbahn.
GE Silverliner IV EMU operated by SEPTA Regional Rail at Paoli.
A New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit at Puhinui Station in Auckland (AMA 103)
United Kingdom, New Zealand, New South Wales, Canada, Queensland
Ukraine, India, China, Turkey, United Kingdom
Shinkansen, Rapid transit, Sydney, High-speed rail, Sydney Trains
Tōhoku Shinkansen, Tōkaidō Shinkansen, Jōetsu Shinkansen, Hokuriku Shinkansen, High-speed rail
Illinois, Chicago metropolitan area, University of Chicago, Millennium Park, New York City
Stansted Express, Lea Valley Lines, Electric multiple unit, Wherry Lines, Hertford East Branch Line
Urumqi South Railway Station, Electric multiple unit, Lanzhou West Railway Station, Gansu, High-speed rail in China
Singapore, Electric multiple unit, North South MRT Line, East West MRT Line, SMRT Corporation
London Waterloo, Hampshire, South Western Main Line, British Rail, Gatwick Express
East Coast Main Line, Virgin Trains, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh