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Foreign relations of Serbia are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has inherited the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with all of its holdings, after the dissolution of the previous state union with Montenegro. Serbian foreign ministries continue to serve citizens of Montenegro in countries that do not have Montenegrin diplomatic presence. The governments of Serbia and Montenegro expressed an interest in pursuing a common foreign policy. Former President of Serbia Boris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union (EU), Russia, United States and China as the four pillars of foreign policy.[1] Serbia joined the United Nations on 1 November 2000.
See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). Serbia is an official candidate and Bosnia is recognized as potential candidate country by the European Union.
See Croatia–Serbia relations
The two countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1996. Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica. Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and two general consulates (in Rijeka and Vukovar). There are around 200,000 people of Serbian descent living in Croatia and around 70,000 Croats living in Serbia.
On 17 February 2008, the former province of United Nations membership. As of 23 June 2015, 108 United Nations member states and Taiwan recognize Kosovo as an independent state. But still, with the strong and firm opposition of both Russia and China and their allies, Kosovo has no current prospects of becoming a member of the United Nations.[2]
Serbia, in response to nations which have recognized Kosovo as an independent nation, has consistently recalled its ambassadors to these nations in an act of protest.[3] These countries include the United States, Albania, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Colombia, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Turkey, Slovenia and the United Kingdom.
See Montenegro–Serbia relations
Montenegro has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Podgorica and a Consulate-General in Herceg Novi.
See Macedonia–Serbia relations
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was formed in 1992 by the remaining Yugoslav republics Montenegro and Serbia established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Macedonia on 8 April 1996.[4] The establishment of bilateral relations has been done under Macedonia's constitutional name - Republic of Macedonia.[5] Serbia therefore is one of 125 countries in the world recognizing Macedonia under the constitutional name.[6] Macedonia has an embassy in Belgrade, while Serbia's embassy is located in Skopje.
See Serbia–Slovenia relations
Multilateral regional co-operation falls within the priorities of foreign policy and international relations of Serbia as an instrument and substance of its co-operation with neighbours in the region and within the context of the Serbia inclusion in European integrations, Euro-Atlantic structures and EU.
In the context of Serbia inclusion in multilateral economic and political relations and integrations as well as in the context of globalization, the relations and co-operation of regional character are of importance in the field of liberalization of trade and further affirmation of market economy and free trade. In that respect, the efforts to turn the region of South Eastern Europe into a free trade zone in which Serbia is actively participating through bilateral negotiations with neighbours and in the region (free trade agreements with Macedonia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as negotiations with Croatia, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Albania), are of particular importance. Serbia enjoys relatively good relations with its neighbouring countries. The border with Bosnia and Herzegovina along the Drina River continues to be an issue, whilst the issue of independence for Kosovo is of particular concern to Serbia.
Friendly relations have played an important role in bilateral relations between the two nations, especially during the wars of the 1990s and the Balkans Campaign[11] in World War I. Due to the strong historical friendship and the deep cultural and religious ties between the two nations, Greece and Serbia enjoy historically, religiously and culturally close ties which are confirmed by a regular political dialogue. Greece is the top investor in Serbian economy[12] and during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Greece openly expressed its disapproval and polls revealed that 94% of the Greek population were completely opposed to the bombing.[13] The more dramatic event was a People's Tribunal of over a 10.000 people in Athens, Greece, where the Greek Supreme Court declared president Clinton and NATO leaders guilty of war crimes.[14]
Serbia has signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union on 29 April 2008 and is in the process of the Republic of Serbia being admitted into the framework of the European Union as a full-fledged member state. Serbia officially applied for European Union membership on 22 December 2009,[18] and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate on 12 October 2011. After the vote of the 27 EU foreign ministers on 28 February 2012, where with 26 votes for and 1 vote against, a candidate status recommendation was issued, and Serbia received full candidate status on 1 March. On June 28, 2013 the European Council endorsed the Council of Ministers conclusions and recommendations to open accession negotiations with Serbia.[19][20] In December 2013 the Council of the European Union approved opening negotiations on Serbia's accession in January 2014,[21] and the first Intergovernmental Conference was held on 21 January at the European Council in Brussels.[22]
Diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union were established on June 24, 1940, and Serbia and the Russian Federation recognize the continuity of all inter-State documents signed between the two countries. There are about 70 bilateral treaties, agreements and protocols signed in the past. Serbia and the Russian Federation have signed and ratified 43 bilateral agreements and treaties in diverse areas of mutual cooperation so far.[44]
Serbia enjoys good relations with the Middle East, these are inherited by the independent Serbia from its time as the hub of a federation (i.e., Yugoslavia) which was very active in the Non-Aligned Movement during the 1960s. Serbia's closest partner in the region is the United Arab Emirates. Israel, Syria, Iraq and Egypt are important economic partners of Serbia, as Israel invests in the Serbian construction industry and Egypt is a large market for Zastava automobiles. Serbia also has an important security agreement with Iran,[56] another important economic and political partner of Serbia. Serbia also maintains diplomatic relations with the Palestinian National Authority. Serbia wishes to intensify relations with the CCASG countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait. Also many of the North African countries (Algeria, Libya, Tunisia and Morocco) enjoy good relations with Serbia and are important trading partners. Tunisia is a hugely popular tourist destination for Serbs as there is no visa required for Serb nationals entering the country.
See Bahrain–Serbia relations
See Iran–Serbia relations
See Iraq–Serbia relations
See Israel–Serbia relations
See Kuwait–Serbia relations
See Oman–Serbia relations
See Qatar–Serbia relations
See Saudi Arabia-Serbia relations
See Serbia–Syria relations
See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations
Serbia has excellent relations with countries such as China, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. These four countries are important economic partners for Serbia in Asia.
See Bhutan–Serbia relations
See Brunei–Serbia relations
See Cambodia–Serbia relations
China has always traditionally had very warm and close relations with Belgrade since the establishing of diplomatic relations in 1955.[73]
See Kazakhstan–Serbia relations
See Maldives–Serbia relations
See Mongolia–Serbia relations
See Turkmenistan–Serbia relations
Ever since the times of Josip Broz Tito and the Non-Aligned Movement, Serbia has enjoyed excellent relations with African nations. South Africa is Serbia's closest ally in Africa and the two nations have had excellent relations since the signing of diplomatic relations in 1992 following the end of the Apartheid system. South Africa is also home to around 20,000 Serbs, mainly living in the Johannesburg area.[86] South Africa is also voicing support for Serbia over the Kosovo issue.[87] Nelson Mandela was also made an honorary citizen of Belgrade.[88] Serbia is also actively involved in many investments in Angola with whom it has excellent political and economic relations.
See Angola–Serbia relations
See Cape Verde–Serbia relations
See Democratic Republic of Congo–Serbia relations
See Gabon–Serbia relations
See Ghana–Serbia relations
See Kenya–Serbia relations
See Lesotho–Serbia relations
See Mali–Serbia relations
See Nigeria–Serbia relations
See Somalia–Serbia relations
See South Africa–Serbia relations
See Zambia–Serbia relations
See Zimbabwe–Serbia relations
Serbia has very poor relations with the United States and Canada because of their recognition of Kosovo's independence. On 25 February 2008, Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica demanded that the United States rescind its recognition of Kosovo, warning that "there will be no stability until the fake state" is annulled.[91]
See Fiji–Serbia relations
See Tonga–Serbia relations
Serbia has very good relations with Latin America, except Colombia and Panama, which did recognize Kosovo's independence. Brazil, the largest country in the region, decided not to recognize Kosovo's independence until an agreement with Serbia is reached.[99]
Serbia has established diplomatic relations with 188 UN member states,[110] the Holy See,[110] the Sovereign Military Order of Malta,[110] and the European Union.[110]
Serbia has not established diplomatic relations with:[111]
the fact that 125 countries in the world have recognised Macedonia's constitutional name is a clear signal that the country has international support
Belgrade, Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, Albania
Serbia, Zemun, Vienna, London, Italy
Serbia, Armenia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland
Tirana, Vlorë, Albanian language, Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo
Bucharest, European Union, Romanian language, Transylvania, Nato
Serbia, Kosovo, United Nations, Politics, Government of Serbia
Serbia, Norway, Foreign relations of Norway, Foreign relations of Serbia, Serbian diaspora
Serbia, Slovakia, Foreign relations of Serbia, Foreign relations of Slovakia, Belgrade
Serbia, Spain, Foreign relations of Serbia, Foreign relations of Spain, Madrid
Serbia, Syria, Foreign relations of Serbia, Foreign relations of Syria, Arab–Israeli conflict