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Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain

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Title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
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Subject: Magnetic resonance imaging, Medical imaging, Echoencephalography, Brain positron emission tomography, Computed tomography of the head
Collection: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain

MRI of brain and brain stem
Intervention
Brain MRI
ICD-10-PCS B030ZZZ
ICD-9-CM 88.91
OPS-301 code: 3-800, 3-820

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nervous system uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce high quality two- or three-dimensional images of nervous system structures without use of ionizing radiation (X-rays) or radioactive tracers.

One advantage of MRI of the brain over computed tomography of the head is better tissue contrast,[1] and it has fewer artifacts than CT when viewing the brainstem. MRI is also superior for pituitary imaging.[2] It may however be less effective at identifying early cerebritis.[3]

In analysis of the fetal brain, MRI provides more information about gyration than ultrasound.[4]

A number of different imaging modes can be used with imaging the nervous system:

  • T1: Cerebrospinal fluid is dark. T1 weighting is useful for visualizing normal anatomy.
  • T2: CSF is light, but fat (and thus white matter) is darker than with T1. T2 is useful for visualizing pathology.[5]
  • PD (proton density): CSF has a relatively high level of protons, making CSF appear bright. Gray matter is brighter than white matter.[6]
  • FLAIR: useful for evaluation of white matter plaques near the ventricles.[7] It is useful in identifying demyelination.[8]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Ebel, Klaus-Dietrich; Benz-Bohm, Gabriele (1999). Differential diagnosis in pediatric radiology. Thieme. pp. 538–.  
  2. ^ Bradley, William G.; Brant-Zawadzki, Michael; Cambray-Forker, Jane (2001-01-15). MRI of the brain. Surendra Kumar.  
  3. ^ Roos, Karen L.; Tunkel, Allan R. (2010). Bacterial infections of the central nervous system. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 69–.  
  4. ^ Garel, Cathérine (2004). MRI of the fetal brain: normal development and cerebral pathologies. Springer.  
  5. ^ Butler, Paul; Mitchell, Adam W. M.; Ellis, Harold (2007-11-19). Applied Radiological Anatomy for Medical Students. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–.  
  6. ^ Tofts, Paul (2005-09-01). Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Measuring Changes Caused by Disease. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 86–.  
  7. ^ Chowdhury, Rajat; Wilson, Iain; Rofe, Christopher; Graham Lloyd-Jones (2010-04-19). Radiology at a Glance. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 95–.  
  8. ^ Granacher, Robert P. (2007-12-20). Traumatic brain injury: methods for clinical and forensic neuropsychiatric assessment. CRC Press. pp. 247–.  
Skull
CNS
Brain
thalamus and globus pallidus:
ventricular system:
cerebrum:
pituitary gland:
hippocampus:
Cerebral meninges
Spinal cord and spinal canal
Medical imaging
Diagnostic
CPRs
PNS
Cranial and peripheral nerves
Sympathetic nerves or ganglia
Nerves (general)
Diagnostic
Medical imaging

: CNS

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: PNS

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  • drug ()
X-ray/
medical radiography/
Industrial radiography
2D
Medical:
Industrial:
3D / XCT
Medical:
Industrial:
Other
MRI
Ultrasound
Radionuclide
2D / scintigraphy
full body:
3D / ECT
PET (positron):
Optical laser
Thermography




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