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Flag of the Revolutionary Government in Bacolod (1899)[1][2]
The Republic of Negros (Spanish: República de Negros, Hiligaynon: Republica sang Negros) was a short-lived revolutionary republic, and later, administrative division, which existed while the Philippines was under Spanish and American sovereignty. It took its name from Negros Island.
From 3 November to 6 November 1898, the people of Negros rose in revolt against the Spanish authorities headed by politico-military governor, colonel Isidro de Castro. The Spaniards decided to surrender upon seeing armed troops marching in a pincer movement towards main city Bacolod. The revolutionaries, led by generals Juan Araneta, from Bago, and Aniceto Lacson, from Talisay, were actually carrying fake arms consisting of rifles carved out of palm fronds and cannons of rolled bamboo mats painted black. By the afternoon of 6 November, colonel de Castro signed the Act of Capitulation, thus ending Spanish colonial rule in Negros Occidental.
On November 27, 1898, the unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputados) met in Bacolod and declared the establishment of the Cantonal Republic of Negros (Spanish: República Cantonal de Negros). The Chamber of Deputies acted as a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution.
When the invasion of the United States Army was looming, President Aniceto Lacson raised the American flag in the Casa Real to welcome the army as a friendly force. Despite the initial protest from the Negros Oriental deputies, the republic came under U.S. protection on April 30, 1899 as a separate state from the rest of the Philippine Islands and on the next day, the constitution was passed. On 22 July 1899, it was renamed the Republic of Negros, but on 30 April 1901, it was dissolved and annexed to the Philippine Islands by the United States, who retained control until the Japanese imperial occupation in the Second World War.
The leaders of the short-lived republic were:[3]
In Bago City, the event was chronicled in a historic marker found in the Public Plaza, which bears the following inscriptions:
REPÚBLICA DE NEGROS “In this plaza of Bago was proclaimed the República de Negros by the Revolutionary Forces led by general Juan Anacleto Araneta, 5 November 1898. Witnessed by Anaias Diokno, representative of the Central Revolutionary Government. This Republic acknowledges The authority of the First Philippine Republic under Emilio Aguinaldo.”
5 November has been observed as a special non-working holiday in Negros Occidental through Republic Act № 6709, signed by President Corazon Aquino on 10 February 1989.
Philippines, Visayan languages, Philippine languages, Iloilo, Languages of the Philippines
Philippine Revolution, Philippines, Manila, Cavite, Philippine–American War
Iloilo, Negros Occidental, Philippine Revolution, Katipunan, Manila
Philippines, Philippine Revolution, Spanish language, Katipunan, Philippine–American War