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Xanomeline

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Title: Xanomeline  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Language: English
Subject: Milameline, Sabcomeline, Alvameline, Muscarinic agonist, SIB-1553A
Collection: Muscarinic Agonists, Pyridines, Thiadiazoles
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Xanomeline

Xanomeline
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3-(4-Hexoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine
Clinical data
Legal status
?
Identifiers
CAS number
ATC code None
PubChem
ChemSpider
UNII  YesY
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical data
Formula C14H23N3OS 
Mol. mass 281.42 g/mol

Xanomeline (LY-246,708; Lumeron, Memcor) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with reasonable selectivity for the M1 and M4 subtypes,[1][2][3][4] though it is also known to act as a M5 receptor antagonist.[5] It has been studied for the treatment of both Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, particularly the cognitive and negative symptoms,[6] although gastrointestinal side effects led to a high drop-out rate in clinical trials.[7][8] Despite this, xanomeline has been shown to have reasonable efficacy for the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms, and one recent human study found robust improvements in verbal learning and short-term memory associated with xanomeline treatment.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Farde L, Suhara T, Halldin C, et al. (1996). "PET study of the M1-agonists [11C]xanomeline and [11C]butylthio-TZTP in monkey and man". Dementia (Basel, Switzerland) 7 (4): 187–95.  
  2. ^ Jakubík J, Michal P, Machová E, Dolezal V (2008). "Importance and prospects for design of selective muscarinic agonists". Physiological Research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. 57 Suppl 3: S39–47.  
  3. ^ Woolley ML, Carter HJ, Gartlon JE, Watson JM, Dawson LA (January 2009). "Attenuation of amphetamine-induced activity by the non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist, xanomeline, is absent in muscarinic M4 receptor knockout mice and attenuated in muscarinic M1 receptor knockout mice". European Journal of Pharmacology 603 (1-3): 147–9.  
  4. ^ Heinrich JN, Butera JA, Carrick T, et al. (March 2009). "Pharmacological comparison of muscarinic ligands: historical versus more recent muscarinic M1-preferring receptor agonists". European Journal of Pharmacology 605 (1-3): 53–6.  
  5. ^ Grant MK, El-Fakahany EE (October 2005). "Persistent binding and functional antagonism by xanomeline at the muscarinic M5 receptor". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 315 (1): 313–9.  
  6. ^ Lieberman JA, Javitch JA, Moore H (August 2008). "Cholinergic agonists as novel treatments for schizophrenia: the promise of rational drug development for psychiatry". The American Journal of Psychiatry 165 (8): 931–6.  
  7. ^ Messer WS (2002). "The utility of muscarinic agonists in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN 19 (1-2): 187–93.  
  8. ^ Mirza NR, Peters D, Sparks RG (2003). "Xanomeline and the antipsychotic potential of muscarinic receptor subtype selective agonists". CNS Drug Reviews 9 (2): 159–86.  
  9. ^ Shekhar A, Potter WZ, Lightfoot J, et al. (August 2008). "Selective muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline as a novel treatment approach for schizophrenia". The American Journal of Psychiatry 165 (8): 1033–9.  


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