Techniques for Tracking, Evaluating, And Reporting the Implementation of Nonpoint Source Control Measures

By Environmental Protection Agency

Book Id: WPLBN0000001212
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 1.0 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	Techniques for Tracking, Evaluating, And Reporting the Implementation of Nonpoint Source Control Measures
Author:	Environmental Protection Agency
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Agency, E. P. (n.d.). Techniques for Tracking, Evaluating, And Reporting the Implementation of Nonpoint Source Control Measures. Retrieved from http://self.gutenberg.org/

Description
Excerpt: Trend monitoring involves long-term monitoring of changes in one or more parameters. As discussed in this guidance, public attitudes, land use, and the use of various urban BMPs are examples of parameters that could be measured with trend monitoring. Isolating the impacts of MMs and BMPs on water quality requires trend monitoring.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1.3 Types of Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1.4 Quality Assurance and Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1.5 Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 Chapter 2 Methods to Inventory BMP Implementation 2.1 Regulated Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1.1 Erosion and Sediment Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1.2 Septic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2.1.3 Runoff Control and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.2 Tracking BMP Operation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.3 Geographic Information Systems and BMP Implementation/Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . 2-8 2.4 Summary of Program Elements for a Successful BMP Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Chapter 3 Sampling Design 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1.1 Study Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1.2 Probabilistic Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3.1.3 Measurement and Sampling Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.1.4 Estimation and Hypothesis Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3.2 Sampling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.2.1 Urbanized and Urbanizing Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.2.2 Available Resources and Tax Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.2.3 Proximity to Sensitive Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.2.4 Federal Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.2.5 Sources of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3.3 Sample Size Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 3.3.1 Simple Random Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 3.3.2 Stratified Random Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 3.3.3 Cluster Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 3.3.4 Systematic Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 3.3.5 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 Chapter 4 Methods for Evaluating Data 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.2 Comparing the Means from Two Independent Random Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4.3 Comparing the Proportions from Two Independent Samples .