World Health Organization Publication : Year 2000 ; Issue 9241562021 - in English: Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report

By Gro Harlem Brundtland, Dr.

Book Id: WPLBN0000158578
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 3.8 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization Publication : Year 2000 ; Issue 9241562021 - in English: Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report
Author:	Gro Harlem Brundtland, Dr.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Brundtland, Dr, G. H. (n.d.). World Health Organization Publication : Year 2000 ; Issue 9241562021 - in English. Retrieved from http://self.gutenberg.org/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
Half a century of efforts by WHO, UNICEF and other international organizations to improve water and sanitation conditions around the world have contributed to global awareness, the establishment of international programmes and the strengthening of national institutions. In the 1990s this afforded improved water supply for more than 800 million people and sanitation for around 750 million people. However, despite the intensive efforts of many institutions at the national and international levels, nearly 1.1 billion people still remain without access to improved sources of water, and about 2.4 billion have no access to any form of improved sanitation services. As a consequence, 2.2 million people in developing countries, most of them children, die every year from diseases associated with lack of safe drinking-water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene. Access to safe water and to sanitary means of excreta disposal are universal needs and, indeed, basic human rights. They are essential elements of human development and poverty alleviation and constitute an indispensable component of primary health care. There is evidence that provision of adequate sanitation services, safe water supply, and hygiene education represents an effective health intervention that reduces the mortality caused by diarrhoeal disease by an average of 65% and the related morbidity by 26%. Inadequate sanitation, hygiene and water result not only in more sickness and death, but also in higher health costs, lower worker productivity, lower school enrollment and retention rates of girls and, perhaps most importantly, the denial of the rights of all people to live in dignity. The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981–1990) was a period of accelerated and concerted effort to expand water supply and sanitation services to the unserved and underserved poor populations. At the World Summit for Children in 1990, the goal of universal access to safe water and sanitation by the year 2000 was adopted to promote the survival, protection and development of children. The

Table of Contents
Contents List of boxes, figures, maps and tables ..............................iii Foreword by the Director-General of WHO and the Executive Director of UNICEF ...........................................v Foreword from the Chairperson of the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council ...........................................vi Preface..........................................................................................vii 1. The Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 ...................................................................1 1.1 Main findings 1.2 Background and methods 1.3 Limitations of the Assessment 2000 2. Global status............................................................................7 2.1 Global coverage 2.2 Changes during the 1990s 2.3 Regional coverage in 2000 3. Sector performance .............................................................15 3.1 Sector constraints 3.2 Investment in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean 3.3 Costs and tariffs of urban services 3.4 Quality of service 3.5 General planning and management 4. Water supply and sanitation in large cities....................23 4.1 Urbanization 4.2 Informal settlements 4.3 Types of water supply service 4.4 Accounting for water loss 4.5 Water quality 4.6 Types of sanitation facility 5. Challenges, future needs and prospects .........................29 5.1 Future prospects 5.2 Future needs and services 5.3 Ways to face the challenges 5.4 Sustaining the solutions 5.5 Need for monitoring