World Health Organization : Year 2003 ; Communicable Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases ; Tuberculosis, No. 2003.318: The Context of a Changing Health System

By World Health Organization

Book Id: WPLBN0000158730
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.4 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 2003 ; Communicable Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases ; Tuberculosis, No. 2003.318: The Context of a Changing Health System
Author:	World Health Organization
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Health Organization, B. W. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 2003 ; Communicable Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases ; Tuberculosis, No. 2003.318. Retrieved from http://self.gutenberg.org/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
INTRODUCTION In 2000, the World Health Assembly, recalling resolutions WHA44.8 and WHA46.36, restated two global targets for TB control: to treat successfully 85% of detected smear-positive TB cases; and to detect 70% of all such cases (1). Meanwhile, country-specific data suggested that in 2000 90% of the world’s population was living in countries that had adopted DOTS, the internationally recommended strategy for TB control. However, only approximately 27% of the estimated number of new smear-positive cases were detected under DOTS (2). To reach the global targets, it is widely recognized that DOTS implementation must be expanded (3). The international community has responded to this call. In 2000, for example, governments of countries with the highest burden of TB signed the “Amsterdam Declaration to Stop TB”, committing to expansion of DOTS to reach the global TB control target of at least 70% detection of infectious TB cases by 2005. Similarly, a summit of the G8 countries committed to increasing resources for the control of TB. The Stop TB Partnership has brought together countries, technical partners, funding agencies, and civil society to fight this scourge collaboratively. A Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has been established and is being operationalized.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. BACKGROUND: HEALTH SECTOR REFORM AND TB CONTROL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. STRATEGIC PLANNING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1 Health sector reform issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.1 Decentralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.2 Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.1.3 Cost-recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.1.4 Social insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1.5 Privatization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1.6 Increased role of private and NGO sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1.7 Sector-wide approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2 Considerations for DOTS expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2.1 Understanding the reform agenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2.2 Conceptualization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4. NORMATIVE FUNCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1 Health sector reform issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.1 Decentralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.2 Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.3 Increased role of private and NGO sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.2 Considerations for DOTS expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5. FINANCING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.1 Health sector reform issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.1.1 Decentralization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.1.2 Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .