World Health Organization : (Emro) Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Year 1993, Tuberculosis Control, Report No. 153 Iraq, Genevaeral: Assignment Report Tuberculosis Control, Iraq

By D. Sudic, Dr.

Book Id: WPLBN0000217238
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.8 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : (Emro) Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Year 1993, Tuberculosis Control, Report No. 153 Iraq, Genevaeral: Assignment Report Tuberculosis Control, Iraq
Author:	D. Sudic, Dr.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Dr, D. S. (n.d.). World Health Organization : (Emro) Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Year 1993, Tuberculosis Control, Report No. 153 Iraq, Genevaeral. Retrieved from http://self.gutenberg.org/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
Secondary prevention ofcancer (screening) involves the use of tests to detect a cancer before the appearance of signs or symptoms. Before starting such a programme, the available evidence should be analysed to estimale the effectiveness of the proposed activities. Essential requirements are an underrlanding of the natural history of the particular cancer, availubilify of a test that can detect it, effective rreatment for it, good evidence that early deleclion reduces the incidence and/or mortality, and that the expected benefits of screening outweigh the risks and costs. A screening programme should be limited to significant cancers and applied selectively, and should be integrated into the total health care programme. Programmes should take into accounl the risks, costs and expected benefits; provide quality assurance as well as facililres lo follow, diagnose, and treat people with positive lest results; maintain ON records; and keep costs to a minimum. Ideally the effectiveness of screening should be demonstrated by randomized controlled trials showing a reduction in morldity, bul this type of evidence exisls forfew cancers. Often an eslimate of the effectiveness of screening must rest on other types of evidence, such m observations that the tests can detect the cancer before the appearance ofsigns or symptoms; that the tests can find a greaterproporlion of cancers in early stages; and that /he patients with cancers detected through screening have higher survival rates after diagnosis and treatment although it must be recognized that these observations may be biased. This article discusses the available evidence on the effectiveness of screening for eight cancers, andgives estimates ofthe potential impact ofsecondary prevention for the year 2000.

Table of Contents
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