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Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons

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Title: Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Language: English
Subject: Moons of Jupiter, Moons of Saturn, Moons of Neptune, Moons of Uranus, Moons of Mars
Collection: Astronomy Timelines, Discovery and Exploration of the Solar System, Lists of Solar System Objects, Moons, Physics-Related Lists
Publisher: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Publication
Date:
 

Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons

Solar System
Objects
Lists
Solar System portal
Star portal

The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the discoverer(s) listed.

Historically the naming of moons did not always match the times of their discovery. Traditionally, the discoverer enjoys the privilege of naming the new object; however, some neglected to do so (E. E. Barnard stated he would "defer any suggestions as to a name" [for Amalthea] "until a later paper"[1] but never got around to picking one from the numerous suggestions he received) or actively declined (S. B. Nicholson stated "Many have asked what the new satellites" [Lysithea and Carme] "are to be named. They will be known only by the numbers X and XI, written in Roman numerals, and usually prefixed by the letter J to identify them with Jupiter."[2]). The issue arose nearly as soon as planetary satellites were discovered: Galileo referred to the four main satellites of Jupiter using numbers while the names suggested by his rival Simon Marius gradually gained universal acceptance. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) eventually started cleaning up the naming business in the late 1970s.

Contents

  • Key 1
  • Prehistory 2
  • 17th century 3
  • 18th century 4
  • 19th century 5
  • Early 20th century (1901–1950) 6
  • Late 20th century (1951–2000) 7
  • 21st century 8
    • 2000s 8.1
    • 2010s 8.2
  • See also 9
  • References 10
  • External links 11

Key

In the following tables, planetary satellites are indicated in bold type (e.g. Moon) while planets and dwarf planets, which directly circle the Sun, are in italic type (e.g. Earth). The tables are sorted by publication/announcement date. Dates are annotated with the following symbols:

  • i: for date of first imaging (photography, etc.);
  • o: for date of first human visual observation, either through telescope or on photographic plate (the true discovery moment);
  • p: for date of announcement or publication.

In a few cases, the date is uncertain and is then marked "(?)".

* Note: Moons marked by an asterisk (*) had complicated discoveries. Some took years to be confirmed, and in several cases were actually lost and rediscovered. Others were found in Voyager photographs years after they were taken.

Color legend

The planets and their natural satellites are marked in the following colors:

Designations
  • Other designations are synonyms or periphrases sometimes encountered for the object.
  • Permanent designations (of planetary satellites) are explained here.
  • Temporary designations are explained here.

Prehistory

Prehistory
Name Image Other designation Notes
Sun
Star In Ptolemy's geocentric model, the Earth was believed to be at the center of the cosmos. Seven planets were placed in orbit around it in an order of increasing distance from the Earth, as established by the Greek Stoics: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. This list included two objects, the Sun and the Moon, which are no longer considered to be planets; it also excluded the Earth.

Anaxagoras first proposed that the Sun is a star around 450 BC, though this was not widely accepted until the 17th century and not proven conclusively until the 19th.[3]
Moon
Earth I In the Copernican system, the Moon was considered to be no longer a planet but a natural satellite of the Earth, and was the only body in that system whose revolution was not centered on the Sun.
Mercury
1st planet The inner planets, Mercury and Venus, and the outer planets, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, were identified by ancient Babylonian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BC.[4]

By Aristarchus of Samos, and later in Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric system (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, 1543), the Earth came to be considered a planet revolving with the other planets around the Sun, in the following order of distance from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The Sun, now situated near the center of revolution, was no longer considered a planet.

Venus
2nd planet
Earth
3rd planet
Mars
4th planet
Jupiter
5th planet
Saturn
6th planet

17th century

17th century
Date Name Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
1610s
o: January 7, 1610
p: March 13, 1610 		Ganymede
Jupiter III Galileo.[5][6] The Galilean moons. The Galilean satellites were the first celestial objects that were confirmed to orbit an object other than the Sun or Earth. Galileo saw Io and Europa as a single point of light on January 7, 1610; they were seen as separate bodies the following night.[7]
Callisto
Jupiter IV
o: January 8, 1610
p: March 13, 1610 		Io
Jupiter I
Europa
Jupiter II
1650s
o: March 25, 1655
p: March 5, 1656 		Titan
Saturn VI
Saturn II (1673–1684), Saturn IV (1686–1789) 		Huygens.[8] He first "published" his discovery as an anagram, sent out on 13 June 1655; later published in pamphlet form as De Saturni luna Observatio Nova and in full in Systema Saturnium[9] (July 1659).
1670s
o: October 25, 1671
p: 1673 		Iapetus
Saturn VIII
Saturn III (1673–1684), Saturn V (1686–1789), Saturn VII (1789–1848) 		Cassini[10]
o: December 23, 1672
p: 1673 		Rhea
Saturn V
Saturn I (1673–1684), Saturn III (1686–1789)
1680s
o: March 21, 1684
p: April 22, 1686 		Tethys
Saturn III
Saturn I (1686–1789) 		Cassini.[11]

Together with his previous two discoveries, Cassini named these satellites Sidera Lodoicea. In his work Kosmotheôros[12] (published posthumously in 1698), Christiaan Huygens relates "Jupiter you see has his four, and Saturn his five Moons about him, all plac’d in their Orbits."

Dione
Saturn IV
Saturn II (1686–1789)
Date Name Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

18th century

18th century
Date Name Image Other/Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
1780s
o: March 13, 1781
p: April 26, 1781 		Uranus
7th Planet Herschel first reported the discovery of Uranus on April 26, 1781, initially believing it to be a comet.[13]
o: January 11, 1787
p: February 15, 1787 		Titania
Uranus III Herschel.[14][15] He later reported four more spurious satellites.[16]
Oberon
Uranus IV
o: August 28, 1789[17]
p: November 12, 1789 		Enceladus
Saturn II Herschel[18]
o: September 17, 1789
p: November 12, 1789 		Mimas
Saturn I
Date Name Image Other/Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

19th century

19th century
Date Name Image Other/Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
1800s
o: January 1, 1801
p: January 24, 1801 		Ceres
8th Planet (1801)
Asteroid (1851)
Dwarf planet (2006) 		Giuseppe Piazzi. He first announced his discovery on January 24, 1801, in letters to fellow astronomers.[19] The first formal publication was the September 1801 issue of the Monatliche Correspondenz.[20]
1840s
o: September 23, 1846
p: November 13, 1846 		Neptune
13th Planet (1846)
8th Planet (1851) 		Galle and Le Verrier[21][22]
o: October 10, 1846
p: November 13, 1846 		Triton
Neptune I Lassell[23]
o: September 16, 1848
p: October 1848 		Hyperion
Saturn VII Bond,[24] Lassell[25]
1850s
o: October 24, 1851 Ariel
Uranus I Lassell[26]
Umbriel
Uranus II
1870s
o: August 12, 1877 Deimos
Mars II Hall[27][28][29]
o: August 18, 1877 Phobos
Mars I
1890s
o: September 9, 1892
p: October 4, 1892 		Amalthea
Jupiter V Barnard[1][30]
i: August 16, 1898
o: March 17, 1899 		Phoebe
Saturn IX Pickering[31][32]
Date Name Image Other/Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

Early 20th century (1901–1950)

Early 20th century
Date Name Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
1900s
i: December 3, 1904
p: January 6, 1905 		Himalia
(Hestia 1955–1975)
Jupiter VI Perrine[30][33][34]
i: January 2, 1905
p: February 27, 1905 		Elara
(Hera 1955–1975)
Jupiter VII Perrine[30][34][35]
i: January 27, 1908
o: February 28, 1908
p: March 1–6, 1908 		Pasiphae
(Poseidon 1955–1975)
Jupiter VIII Melotte[30][36][37]
1910s
i: July 21, 1914
p: September 17, 1914 		Sinope
(Hades 1955–1975)
Jupiter IX Nicholson[30][38]
1930s
i: January 23, 1930
o: February 18, 1930
p: March 13, 1930 		Pluto
9th Planet (1930)
Dwarf planet (2006) 		Tombaugh[39]
i: July 6, 1938
p: August 1938 		Lysithea
(Demeter 1955–1975)
Jupiter X Nicholson[30][40]
i: July 30, 1938
p: August 1938 		Carme
(Pan 1955–1975)
Jupiter XI
1940s
i: February 16, 1948
p: June 1949 		Miranda
Uranus V Kuiper[30][41]
i: May 1, 1949
p: August 1949 		Nereid
Neptune II Kuiper[30][42][43]
Date Name Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

Late 20th century (1951–2000)

Late 20th century
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
1950s
i: September 28, 1951
p: December 1951 		Ananke
(Adrastea 1955–1975) 		—
Jupiter XII Nicholson[44][45]
1960s
i: December 15, 1966
p: January 3, 1967 		Janus* S/1966 S 2
Saturn X Dollfus[44][46][47][48][49]
(Dollfus may have seen either Janus or Epimetheus)
i: December 18, 1966
p: January 6, 1967 		Epimetheus* S/1980 S 3 Saturn XI Walker[44][50]
1970s
i: September 11, 1974
p: September 20, 1974 		Leda — — Jupiter XIII Kowal[30][51]
i: September 30, 1975
p: October 3, 1975 		Themisto* S/1975 J 1
Jupiter XVIII Kowal[30][52]
(Discovered and then lost)
i: April 13, 1978
o: June 22, 1978 		Charon S/1978 P 1
Pluto I Christy[53][54]
i: July 8, 1979
p: November 23, 1979 		Adrastea S/1979 J 1
Jupiter XV Jewitt, Danielson, Voyager 2[47][55][56][57][58][59]
1980s
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: February 26, 1980
p: March 6, 1980 		Epimetheus* S/1980 S 3
Saturn XI [44][49][60][61][62][63]
(Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: March 1, 1980
p: March 6, 1980 		Helene S/1980 S 6
Saturn XII Laques, Lecacheux[30][60][61][62][63]
i: April 8, 1980
p: April 10, 1980 		Telesto S/1980 S 13
Saturn XIII Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain, Voyager 1[44][63][64]
i: March 5, 1979
p: April 28, 1980 		Thebe S/1979 J 2
Jupiter XIV Synnott, Voyager 1[44][56][57]
i: February 19, 1980
p: June 6, 1980 		Janus* S/1980 S 1
Saturn X [47][49][61][62][63]
(Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: March 13, 1980
p: July 31, 1980 		Calypso S/1980 S 25
Saturn XIV Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie[44][62][63]
i:March 4, 1979
p: August 26, 1980 		Metis S/1979 J 3
Jupiter XVI Synnott, Voyager 1[44][57]
o: October 1980
p: October 31, 1980 		Prometheus S/1980 S 27
Saturn XVI Collins, Voyager 1[65]
Pandora S/1980 S 26
Saturn XVII Collins, Voyager 1[30][65]
o: October 1980
p: November 13, 1980 		Atlas S/1980 S 28
Saturn XV Terrile, Voyager 1[44][66]
i: May 24, 1981
p: May 29, 1981 		Larissa* S/1981 N 1
S/1989 N 2
Neptune VII Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen, Voyager 2[30][67][68]
i: December 30, 1985
p: January 9, 1986 		Puck S/1985 U 1
Uranus XV Synnott, Voyager 2[30][69]
i: January 3, 1986
p: January 16, 1986 		Juliet S/1986 U 2
Uranus XI Synnott, Voyager 2[30][70][71]
Portia S/1986 U 1
Uranus XII
i: January 9, 1986
p: January 16, 1986 		Cressida S/1986 U 3 Uranus IX
i: January 13, 1986
p: January 16, 1986 		Desdemona S/1986 U 6
Uranus X
Rosalind S/1986 U 4
Uranus XIII
Belinda S/1986 U 5
Uranus XIV
i: January 20, 1986
p: January 27, 1986 		Cordelia S/1986 U 7
Uranus VI Terrile, Voyager 2[30][72]
Ophelia S/1986 U 8 Uranus VII
i: January 23, 1986
p: January 27, 1986 		Bianca S/1986 U 9
Uranus VIII Smith, Voyager 2[30][72]
i: June 16, 1989
p: July 7, 1989 		Proteus S/1989 N 1
Neptune VIII Synnott, Voyager 2[30][73]
i: July 28, 1989
p: August 2, 1989 		Despina S/1989 N 3
Neptune V Synnott, Voyager 2[30][68]
Galatea S/1989 N 4
Neptune VI
i: September 18, 1989
p: September 29, 1989 		Thalassa S/1989 N 5
Neptune IV Terrile, Voyager 2[30][74]
Naiad S/1989 N 6 Neptune III
1990s
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: August 22, 1981
p: July 16, 1990 		Pan* S/1981 S 13
Saturn XVIII Showalter, Voyager 2[30][75]
i: August 23, 1981
p: April 14, 1995 		Pallene*
(see below) 		S/1981 S 14
Saturn XXXIII Gordon, Murray and Beurle[30][76][77]
i: September 6, 1997
p: October 31, 1997 		Caliban S/1997 U 1
Uranus XVI Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[30][78]
Sycorax S/1997 U 2
Uranus XVII Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[78]
i: January 18, 1986
p: May 18, 1999 		Perdita* S/1986 U 10
Uranus XXV Karkoschka, Voyager 2[30][79]
i: July 18, 1999
p: July 27, 1999 		Setebos S/1999 U 1 — Uranus XIX Kavelaars, Gladman, Holman, Petit, Scholl[30][80]
Stephano S/1999 U 2 — Uranus XX Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl[30][80]
i: July 18, 1999
p: September 4, 1999 		Prospero S/1999 U 3
Uranus XVIII Holman, Kavelaars, Gladman, Petit, Scholl[30][81]
2000s
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: October 6, 1999
p: July 20, 2000 		Callirrhoe S/1999 J 1
Jupiter XVII Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels[30][82][83]
i: August 7, 2000
p: October 25, 2000 		Ymir S/2000 S 1 — Saturn XIX Gladman[30][84][85]
Paaliaq S/2000 S 2 — Saturn XX
i: September 23, 2000
p: October 25, 2000 		Siarnaq S/2000 S 3 — Saturn XXIX Gladman, Kavelaars[30][86][87]
Tarvos S/2000 S 4
Saturn XXI Kavelaars, Gladman[30][86][87]
i: August 7, 2000
p: November 18, 2000 		Kiviuq S/2000 S 5
Saturn XXIV Gladman[30][87][88]
i: September 23, 2000
p: November 18, 2000 		Ijiraq S/2000 S 6
Saturn XXII Kavelaars, Gladman[30][87][88]
i: November 21, 2000
p: November 25, 2000 		Themisto* S/2000 J 1
Jupiter XVIII Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (Rediscovered)[30][89][90]
i: September 23, 2000
p: December 7, 2000 		Thrymr S/2000 S 7
Saturn XXX Gladman, Kavelaars[30][85][91]
Skathi S/2000 S 8 — Saturn XXVII Kavelaars, Gladman[30][85][91]
Mundilfari S/2000 S 9
Saturn XXV Gladman, Kavelaars[30][85][91]
Erriapus S/2000 S 10 — Saturn XXVIII Kavelaars, Gladman[30][87][92]
i: November 9, 2000
p: December 19, 2000 		Albiorix S/2000 S 11 — Saturn XXVI Holman, Spahr[30][93][94]
i: September 23, 2000
p: December 22, 2000 		Suttungr S/2000 S 12 — Saturn XXIII Gladman, Kavelaars[30][95][96]
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

21st century

2000s

2000s
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

i: November 23, 2000
p: January 5, 2001

Kalyke S/2000 J 2 — Jupiter XXIII Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[30][97][98][99]
Iocaste S/2000 J 3 — Jupiter XXIV
Erinome S/2000 J 4 — Jupiter XXV
Harpalyke S/2000 J 5 — Jupiter XXII
Isonoe S/2000 J 6 — Jupiter XXVI
Praxidike S/2000 J 7 — Jupiter XXVII
i: November 25, 2000
p: January 5, 2001 		Megaclite S/2000 J 8 — Jupiter XIX Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[30][97][99]
Taygete S/2000 J 9 — Jupiter XX
i: November 26, 2000
p: January 5, 2001 		Chaldene S/2000 J 10 — Jupiter XXI
i: December 5, 2000
p: January 5, 2001 		Dia S/2000 J 11 — Jupiter LIII
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 9, 2001
p: May 16, 2002 		Hermippe S/2001 J 3
Jupiter XXX Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][100][101]
Eurydome S/2001 J 4 — Jupiter XXXII
Sponde S/2001 J 5 — Jupiter XXXVI
Kale S/2001 J 8 — Jupiter XXXVII
i: December 10, 2001
p: May 16, 2002 		Autonoe S/2001 J 1 — Jupiter XXVIII
i: December 11, 2001
p: May 16, 2002 		Thyone S/2001 J 2 — Jupiter XXIX
Pasithee S/2001 J 6 — Jupiter XXXVIII
Euanthe S/2001 J 7 — Jupiter XXXIII
Orthosie S/2001 J 9 — Jupiter XXXV
Euporie S/2001 J 10 — Jupiter XXXIV
Aitne S/2001 J 11 — Jupiter XXXI
i: August 13, 2001
p: September 30, 2002 		Trinculo S/2001 U 1 — Uranus XXI Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic[30][102][103]
i: October 31, 2002
p: December 18, 2002 		Arche S/2002 J 1 — Jupiter XLIII Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry[30][104][105]
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: July 23, 2002
p: January 13, 2003 		Sao S/2002 N 2 — Neptune XI Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[30][106][107]
i: August 10, 2002
p: January 13, 2003 		Halimede S/2002 N 1 — Neptune IX
i: August 11, 2002
p: January 13, 2003 		Laomedeia S/2002 N 3 — Neptune XII
i: February 5, 2003
p: March 4, 2003 		Eukelade S/2003 J 1 — Jupiter XLVII Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh[30][108][109]
(unnamed moons of Jupiter) S/2003 J 2 — —
S/2003 J 3 —
S/2003 J 4 —
i: February 6, 2003
p: March 4, 2003 		(unnamed moon of Jupiter) S/2003 J 5 — —
Helike S/2003 J 6 — Jupiter XLV
i: February 8, 2003
p: March 4, 2003 		Aoede S/2003 J 7 — Jupiter XLI
i: February 8, 2003
p: March 6, 2003 		Hegemone S/2003 J 8 — Jupiter XXXIX Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[30][110][111]
i: February 6, 2003
p: March 7, 2003 		(unnamed moons of Jupiter) S/2003 J 9 — — Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[30][112][113]
S/2003 J 10 —
Kallichore S/2003 J 11 — Jupiter XLIV
i: February 8, 2003
p: March 7, 2003 		(unnamed moon of Jupiter) S/2003 J 12 — —
i: February 9, 2003
p: April 2, 2003 		Cyllene S/2003 J 13 — Jupiter XLVIII Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][115]
i: February 8, 2003
p: April 3, 2003 		Kore S/2003 J 14 — Jupiter XLIX Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][116]
i: February 6, 2003
p: April 3, 2003 		(unnamed moons of Jupiter) S/2003 J 15 — — Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[114][117]
S/2003 J 16 — Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[114][118]
i: February 8, 2003
p: April 3, 2003 		Herse S/2003 J 17 — Jupiter L Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][114][119]
i: February 6, 2003
p: April 4, 2003 		(unnamed moon of Jupiter) S/2003 J 18 — — Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][120]
i: February 5, 2003
p: April 8, 2003 		Narvi S/2003 S 1 — Saturn XXXI Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][121]
i: February 6, 2003
p: April 12, 2003 		(unnamed moon of Jupiter) S/2003 J 19 — — Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[122][123]
i: February 9, 2003
p: April 14, 2003 		Carpo S/2003 J 20 — Jupiter XLVI Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][122][124]
i: February 6, 2003
p: May 29, 2003 		Mneme S/2003 J 21 — Jupiter XL Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][125][126]
i: January 18, 1986
p: September 3, 2003 		Perdita* S/1986 U 10 — Uranus XXV Karkoschka (Recovered by the Hubble Space Telescope)[30][79][127]
i: August 29, 2003
p: September 3, 2003 		Psamathe S/2003 N 1 — Neptune X Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars[30][128][129]
i: August 25, 2003
p: September 25, 2003 		Mab S/2003 U 1 — Uranus XXVI Showalter, Lissauer[130]
Cupid S/2003 U 2 — Uranus XXVII
i: August 13, 2001
p: September 30, 2003 		Ferdinand* S/2001 U 2 — Uranus XXIV 2001: Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic;
2003: Sheppard, Jewitt[30][131][132]
i: August 14, 2002
p: September 30, 2003 		Neso* S/2002 N 4 — Neptune XIII Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[30][131][133]
i: August 13, 2001
p: October 8, 2003 		Francisco* S/2001 U 3
Uranus XXII Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman[30][134]
i: August 29, 2003
p: October 9, 2003 		Margaret S/2003 U 3 — Uranus XXIII Sheppard, Jewitt[30][135][136]
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: February 9, 2003
p: January 24, 2004 		Thelxinoe* S/2003 J 22 — Jupiter XLII Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][137][138]
(From images taken in 2003)
i: February 6, 2003
p: January 31, 2004 		(unnamed moon of Jupiter) S/2003 J 23*
— Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[139][140]
i: June 1, 2004
p: August 16, 2004 		Methone* S/2004 S 1
Saturn XXXII Cassini–Huygens[30][141][142]
Pallene S/2004 S 2
=S/1981 S 14
Saturn XXXIII
i: October 21, 2004
o: October 24, 2004
p: November 8, 2004 		Polydeuces S/2004 S 5
Saturn XXXIV Cassini–Huygens[30][143]
i: May 6, 2004
o: December 28, 2004
p: July 29, 2005 		Haumea (136108) 2003 EL61 — Dwarf planet (Ortiz, Aceituno Castro, Santos-Sanz)[30][144] or (Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz)[145][146] (see the Controversy over the discovery of Haumea)
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 12, 2004
p: May 3, 2005 		(unnamed moon of Saturn) S/2004 S 7 — — Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden[30][147]
Fornjot S/2004 S 8
Saturn XLII
Farbauti S/2004 S 9 — Saturn XL
Aegir S/2004 S 10 — Saturn XXXVI
Bebhionn S/2004 S 11
Saturn XXXVII
(unnamed moons of Saturn) S/2004 S 12 — —
S/2004 S 13
Hati S/2004 S 14 — Saturn XLIII
Bergelmir S/2004 S 15
Saturn XXXVIII
i: December 13, 2004
p: May 3, 2005 		Fenrir S/2004 S 16 — Saturn XLI
(unnamed moon of Saturn) S/2004 S 17 — —
Bestla S/2004 S 18 — Saturn XXXIX
i: May 1, 2005
p: May 6, 2005 		Daphnis S/2005 S 1
Saturn XXXV Cassini–Huygens[148]
i: October 21, 2003
o: January 5, 2005
p: July 29, 2005 		Eris (136199) 2003 UB313
Dwarf planet Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[30][145][149]
o: January 26, 2005
p: July 29, 2005 		Hiʻiaka S/2005 (136108) 1 — Haumea I Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[30][150]
i: March 31, 2005
p: July 29, 2005 		Makemake (136472) 2005 FY9 — Dwarf planet Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[145][151]
o: June 30, 2005
p: July 29, 2005 		Namaka S/2005 (136108) 2 — Haumea II Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[152]
i: September 10, 2005
p: October 3, 2005 		Dysnomia S/2005 (136199) 1
Eris I Brown, van Dam, Bouchez, Le Mignant, Campbell, Chin, Conrad, Hartman, Johansson, Lafon, Rabinowitz, Stomski, Summers, Trujillo, Wizinowich[153]
i: May 15, 2005
o: June 15, 2005
p: October 31, 2005 		Nix S/2005 P 2
Pluto II Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline,
Spencer, Young, Young[154]
Hydra S/2005 P 1 Pluto III
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 12, 2004
o: March 6, 2006 (?)
p: June 26, 2006 		Hyrrokkin S/2004 S 19 — Saturn XLIV Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][155][156]
i: January 4, 2006
o: March 6, 2006 (?)
p: June 26, 2006 		(unnamed moon of Saturn) S/2006 S 1 — — Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][156][157]
Kari S/2006 S 2
Saturn XLV
i: January 5, 2006
o: March 6, 2006 (?)
p: June 26, 2006 		(unnamed moon of Saturn) S/2006 S 3 — —
Greip S/2006 S 4 — Saturn LI
Loge S/2006 S 5 — Saturn XLVI
Jarnsaxa S/2006 S 6 — Saturn L
Surtur S/2006 S 7 — Saturn XLVIII
Skoll S/2006 S 8 — Saturn XLVII
i: January 5, 2006
o: January 16, 2007 (?)
p: April 13, 2007 		Tarqeq S/2007 S 1 — Saturn LII Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][158][159]
i: January 18, 2007
o: ?
p: May 1, 2007 		(unnamed moons of Saturn) S/2007 S 2 — — Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[159][160]
S/2007 S 3 — —
i: June 2004
o: May 30, 2007
p: July 18, 2007 		Anthe S/2007 S 4
Saturn XLIX Cassini–Huygens[30][161]
i: August 15, 2008
p: March 3, 2009 		Aegaeon S/2008 S 1
Saturn LIII Cassini–Huygens[30][162]
i: July 26, 2009
o: ?
p: November 2, 2009 		(unnamed moon of Saturn) S/2009 S 1
— Cassini–Huygens[163]
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

2010s

2010s
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

i: September 7, 2010
p: June 1, 2011

(unnamed moons of Jupiter) S/2010 J 1 — Jupiter LI Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman and Alexandersen[164]
S/2010 J 2 — Jupiter LII Veillet[164]

i: June 28, 2011
p: July 20, 2011

Kerberos S/2011 (134340) 1
Pluto IV Showalter[165][166]

i: September 27, 2011
p: January 29, 2012

(unnamed moons of Jupiter) S/2011 J 1 — — Sheppard[167]
S/2011 J 2 — —

i: June 26, 2012
p: July 11, 2012

Styx S/2012 (134340) 1
Pluto V Showalter[168]

i: 2004
o: July 1, 2013
p: July 15, 2013

(unnamed moon of Neptune) S/2004 N 1*
— Showalter et al.[169]
Date Name Temporary designation Image Permanent designation Discoverer(s) and notes

See also

References

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  42. ^ Kuiper, Gerard P.; The Second Satellite of Neptune, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 361 (August 1949), pp. 175–176
  43. ^ Vinter Hansen, Julie M.; Object Near Neptune, IAUC 1212 (1 April 1949)
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i Marsden, Brian G.; GX 1+4; Sats OF JUPITER AND SATURN, IAUC 3872 (30 March 1983)
  45. ^ Nicholson, Seth B.; An Unidentified Object Near Jupiter, Probably a New Satellite, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 63, No. 375 (December 1951), pp. 297–299
  46. ^ Gingerich, Owen; Probable New Satellite of Saturn, IAUC 1987 (3 January 1967)
    Gingerich, Owen; Saturn X (Janus), IAUC 1995 (1 February 1967)
    Marsden, Brian G.; New Ring and Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3417 (25 October 1979)
  47. ^ a b c Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3454 (25 February 1980)
  48. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; 1980 S 2, IAUC 3456 (29 February 1980)
  49. ^ a b c Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3497 (4 August 1980)
  50. ^ Gingerich, Owen; Possible New Satellite of Saturn, IAUC 1991 (6 January 1967)
  51. ^ Kowal, Charles T.; Thirteenth satellite of Jupiter, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 80, No. 6 (June 1975), pp. 460–464
    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2702 (20 September 1974)
    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2703 (1 October 1974)
    Marsden, Brian G.; Jupiter XIII, IAUC 2711 (24 October 1974)
  52. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2845 (3 October 1975)
    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2855 (23 October 1975)
    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2899 (9 January 1976)
  53. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; 1978 P 1, IAUC 3241 (7 July 1978)
  54. ^ Christy, James W.; Harrington, Robert S.; The satellite of Pluto, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 83, No. 8 (August 1978), pp. 1005–1008
  55. ^ Jewitt, David C., Danielson, G. Edward, Synnott, Stephen P.; Discovery of a new Jupiter satellite, Science, Vol. 206, No. 4421 (23 November 1979), p. 951
  56. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 3470 (28 April 1980)
  57. ^ a b c Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 3507 (26 August 1980)
  58. ^ Hamilton, Calvin J.; Discovery Image of Adrastea, Views of the Solar System (1995–2007)
  59. ^ Jovian System Data Analysis Program; Voyager 2 Jupiter Image 20630.53, NASA Planetary Data System Rings Node (20 February 1997)
  60. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3457 (6 March 1980)
  61. ^ a b c Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3483 (6 June 1980)
  62. ^ a b c d Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3496 (31 July 1980)
  63. ^ a b c d e Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3534 (7 November 1980)
  64. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3466 (10 April 1980)
  65. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3532 (31 October 1980)
  66. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; 1980 S 28, IAUC 3539 (13 November 1980)
  67. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; 1981 N 1, IAUC 3608 (29 May 1981)
  68. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 4824 (2 August 1989)
  69. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus and Neptune, IAUC 4159 (9 January 1986)
  70. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 4164 (16 January 1986)
  71. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 4165 (17 January 1986)
  72. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites and Rings of Uranus, IAUC 4168 (27 January 1986)
  73. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; 1989 N 1, IAUC 4806 (7 July 1989)
  74. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Neptune, IAUC 4867 (29 September 1989)
  75. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Saturn, IAUC 5052 (16 July 1990)
  76. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Possible Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 6162 (14 April 1995)
  77. ^ Gordon, Mitchell K.; Murray, Carl D.; and Beurle, Kevin; Further Evidence for the Existence of Additional Small Satellites of Saturn, Icarus, Vol. 121, No. 1 (May 1996), pp. 114–125
  78. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 6764 (31 October 1997)
  79. ^ a b Green, Daniel W. E.; S/1986 U 10, IAUC 7171 (18 May 1999)
  80. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 7230 (27 July 1999)
  81. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 7248 (4 September 1999)
  82. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/1999 J 1, IAUC 7460 (20 July 2000)
  83. ^ New Outer Satellite of Jupiter Discovered, Joint press release, Minor Planet Center and the Spacewatch Project (2000?)
  84. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 1 and S/2000 S 2, IAUC 7512 (25 October 2000)
  85. ^ a b c d Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 1, S/2000 S 2, S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9, MPEC 2000-Y15 (19 December 2000)
  86. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 3 and S/2000 S 4, IAUC 7513 (25 October 2000)
  87. ^ a b c d e Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 3, S/2000 S 4, S/2000 S 5, S/2000 S 6, S/2000 S 10, MPEC 2000-Y14 (19 December 2000)
  88. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 5 and S/2000 S 6, IAUC 7521 (18 November 2000)
  89. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1, IAUC 7525 (25 November 2000)
  90. ^ S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1, S/1999 J 1, MPEC 2000-Y16 (19 December 2000)
  91. ^ a b c Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9, IAUC 7538 (7 December 2000)
  92. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 10, IAUC 7539 (7 December 2000)
  93. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2000 S 11, IAUC 7545 (19 December 2000)
  94. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 11, MPEC 2000-Y13 (19 December 2000)
  95. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 12, IAUC 7548 (23 December 2000)
  96. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 12, MPEC 2000-Y33 (22 December 2000)
  97. ^ a b Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 7555 (5 January 2001)
  98. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 J 2, S/2000 J 3, S/2000 J 4, S/2000 J 5, S/2000 J 6, MPEC 2001-A28 (5 January 2001)
  99. ^ a b Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 J 7, S/2000 J 8, S/2000 J 9, S/2000 J 10, S/2000 J 11, MPEC 2001-A29 (5 January 2001)
  100. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 7900 (16 May 2002)
  101. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter, MPEC 2002-J54 (15 May 2002)
  102. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 1, IAUC 7980 (30 September 2002)
  103. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2001 U 1, MPEC 2002-S64 (30 September 2002)
  104. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2002 J 1, IAUC 8035 (18 December 2002)
  105. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 J 1, MPEC 2002-Y22 (18 December 2002)
  106. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 8047 (13 January 2003)
  107. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 N 1, 2002 N 2, 2002 N3, MPEC 2003-A75 (13 January 2003)
  108. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 8087 (4 March 2003)
  109. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 1, 2003 J 2, 2003 J 3, 2003 J 4, 2003 J 5, 2003 J 6, 2003 J 7, MPEC 2003-E11 (4 March 2003)
  110. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 8, IAUC 8088 (6 March 2003)
  111. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 8, MPEC 2003-E15 (6 March 2003)
  112. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 8089 (7 March 2003)
  113. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 9, 2003 J 10, 2003 J 11, 2003 J 12; S/2003 J 1, 2003 J 6, MPEC 2003-E29 (7 March 2003)
  114. ^ a b c d e f g Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, IAUC 8116 (11 April 2003)
  115. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 13, MPEC 2003-G09 (2 April 2003)
  116. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 14, MPEC 2003-G10 (3 April 2003)
  117. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 15, MPEC 2003-G17 (3 April 2003)
  118. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 16, MPEC 2003-G18 (3 April 2003)
  119. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 17, MPEC 2003-G19 (3 April 2003)
  120. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 18, MPEC 2003-G20 (4 April 2003)
  121. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 S 1, MPEC 2003-G39 (8 April 2003)
  122. ^ a b Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 19 and S/2003 J 20, IAUC 8125 (30 April 2003)
  123. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 19, MPEC 2003-G64 (12 April 2003)
  124. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 20, MPEC 2003-G67 (14 April 2003)
  125. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 21, IAUC 8138 (30 May 2003)
  126. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 21, MPEC 2003-K45 (29 May 2003)
  127. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC (3 September 2003)
  128. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 8193 (3 September 2003)
  129. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 N 1, MPEC 2003-G64 (3 September 2003)
  130. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 U 1 and S/2003 U 2, IAUC 8209 (25 September 2003)
  131. ^ a b Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 2 and S/2002 N 4, IAUC 8213 (1 October 2003)
  132. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2001 U 2, MPEC 2003-S105 (30 September 2003)
  133. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 N 4, MPEC 2003-S107 (30 September 2003)
  134. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 3, IAUC 8216 (8 October 2003)
  135. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 U 3, IAUC 8217 (9 October 2003)
  136. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 U 3, MPEC 2003-T58 (9 October 2003)
  137. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 22, IAUC (25 January 2004)
  138. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 22, MPEC 2004-B41 (24 January 2004)
  139. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 23, IAUC 8281 (4 February 2004)
  140. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 23, MPEC 2004-B81 (31 January 2004)
  141. ^ Martinez, Carolina; Savage, Donald; and Finn, Heidi; Out from the Shadows: Two New Saturnian Moons, JPL Cassini–Huygens News Release 2004-202 (16 August 2004)
  142. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2004 S 1 and S/2004 S 2, IAUC 8389 (16 August 2004)
  143. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites and Rings of Saturn, IAUC 8432 (8 November 2004)
  144. ^ Pablo Santos-Sanz (26 September 2008). "La historia de Ataecina vs Haumea" (in Spanish). infoastro.com. Retrieved 29 September 2008. 
  145. ^ a b c Green, Daniel W. E. (29 July 2005). "IAUC 8577". 
  146. ^ "Santa et al.". NASA Astrobiology Magazine. 10 September 2005. Retrieved 16 October 2008. 
  147. ^ Lakdawalla, Emily; Twelve New Moons for Saturn, The Planetary Society, Planetary News: Moon Discoveries (2005)
    Jewitt, David C.; Twelve New Moons for Saturn (3 May 2005)
    Green, Daniel W. E.; New Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 8523 (4 May 2005)
    Marsden, Brian G.; Twelve New Satellites of Saturn, MPEC 2005-J13 (3 May 2005)
  148. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 S 1, IAUC 8524 (6 May 2005)
  149. ^  
  150. ^ Brown, M. E.; et al. (2005). "Keck Observatory Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Discovery and Characterization of a Satellite to the Large Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61". Astrophysical Journal Letters 632 (1): L45–L48.  
  151. ^ )"2005 FY9"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 136472 Makemake (. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 2008-04-05. Retrieved 11 June 2008. 
  152. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 (2003 EL_61) 2, IAUC 8636 (1 December 2005)
  153. ^ Brown, Michael E. (2006). "Dysnomia, the moon of Eris". Retrieved 1 September 2007. 
  154. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 P 1 and S/2005 P 2, IAUC 8625 (31 October 2005) (also as a pdf)
  155. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2004 S 19, MPEC 2006-M44 (26 June 2006)
  156. ^ a b Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 8727 (30 June 2006)
  157. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; Eight New Satellites of Saturn, MPEC 2006-M45 (26 June 2006)
  158. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2007 S 1, MPEC 2007-G38 (13 April 2007)
  159. ^ a b Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2007 S 1, S/2007 S 2, and S/2007 S 3, IAUC 8836 (11 May 2007)
  160. ^ Marsden, Brian G.; S/2007 S 2, S/2007 S 3, MPEC 2007-J09 (1 May 2007)
  161. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2007 S 4, IAUC 8857 (18 July 2007)
  162. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2008 S 1, IAUC 9023 (03 March 2009)
  163. ^ Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2009 S 1, IAUC 9091 (02 November 2009)
  164. ^ a b MPEC 2011-L06: S/2010 J 1 AND S/2010 J 2
  165. ^ http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/cbet/cbet002769.txt
  166. ^ NASA - NASA's Hubble Discovers Another Moon Around Pluto
  167. ^ MPEC 2012-B97 : S/2011 J 1 AND S/2011 J 2 2012 Jan. 29 (issued)
  168. ^ Showalter, Mark. Hubble Press Release: Hubble Discovers a Fifth Moon Orbiting Pluto. 11 July 2012.
  169. ^ Kelly Beatty (15 July 2013). "Neptune's Newest Moon". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 15 July 2013. 

External links

  • City of Hudson's Natural Satellite Page
  • Scott Sheppard's Giant Planet Satellite Page
  • JPL Natural Satellite Discovery Data
  • James L. Hilton, When did the asteroids become minor planets?
Planetary
satellites
Other
satellites
Largest
satellites
(mean radius
≥ 100 km)
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